Lifespan Development Review Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the psychological, biological, and social changes that occur throughout a persons life, from conception to old age. This course covers major theories and research findings related to physical growth, cognitive development, emotional regulation, and social relationships during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. By examining the complex interactions between genetics, environment, culture, and individual choices, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape human development across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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13 Chapters
1478 Verified Questions
1478 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1193
Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23625
Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the terms critical period and sensitive period, and discuss how observations of imprinting led to the development of these concepts.
Answer: Watching diverse animal species in their natural habitats, European zoologists Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The best known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds, which ensures that the young will stay close to the mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted period of development. If the mother is absent during this time but an object resembling her in important features is present, young birds may imprint on it instead.
Observations of imprinting led to a major concept in child development: the critical period. It is a limited time span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of an appropriately stimulating environment. A sensitive period is a time that is biologically optimal for certain capacities to emerge because the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences. The idea of a sensitive period applies better to human development than the strict notion of a critical period. However, its boundaries are less well-defined than are those of a critical period. Development can occur later, but it is harder to induce.
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome,
A) females are more likely to be affected.
B) males are more likely to be affected.
C) 50 percent of the female children are likely to have the disorder.
D) 50 percent of the male children are likely to be carriers of the disorder.
Answer: B
Q2) An estimated 21,000 __________, which directly affect our body's characteristics, lie along the human chromosomes.
A) nuclei
B) regulator genes
C) protein-coding genes
D) sex genes
Answer: C
Q3) The relationship between heredity and environment is
A) is a one-way street.
B) moves from genes to environment to behavior.
C) is best measured using heritability estimates.
D) is bidirectional.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23627
Sample Questions
Q1) Terra is Rh-negative and her husband, Marcus, is Rh-positive. Advise Terra about the consequences of this blood type incompatibility.
Answer: Terra should know that when inherited blood types of mother and fetus differ, serious problems sometimes result. The most common cause of these difficulties is Rh factor incompatibility. When the mother is Rh-negative (lacks the Rh blood protein) and the father is Rh-positive (has the protein), the baby may inherit the father's Rh-positive blood type. Because Rh-positive blood is dominant and Rh-negative blood is recessive, the chances are good that the baby will be Rh-positive. If even a little of a fetus's Rh-positive blood crosses the placenta into the Rh-negative mother's bloodstream, she begins to form antibodies to the foreign Rh protein. If these enter the fetus's system, they destroy red blood cells, reducing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues. Intellectual disability, miscarriage, heart damage, and infant death can occur. It takes time for the mother to produce Rh antibodies, so firstborn children are rarely affected. The danger increases with each additional pregnancy. Fortunately, Rh incompatibility can be prevented in most cases. After the birth of each Rh-positive baby, Rh-negative mothers are routinely given a vaccine to prevent the buildup of antibodies. In emergency cases, blood transfusions can be performed immediately after delivery or, if necessary, even before birth.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23628
Sample Questions
Q1) Stage 1 of labor
A) is the shortest.
B) involves delivery of the baby.
C) climaxes with a brief phase called transition.
D) involves birth of the placenta.
Q2) Newborns relax their facial muscles in response to a __________ taste.
A) salty
B) sour
C) bitter
D) sweet
Q3) Which of the following statements about single-mother families is true?
A) About 40 percent of U.S. births are to single mothers.
B) More than two-thirds of single mothers in the United States are teenagers.
C) Newborns of single older mothers are at high risk for developmental problems.
D) The majority of nonmarital births in the United States are planned.
Q4) In induced labors, __________ than in naturally occurring labors.
A) medication is likely to be used in smaller amounts
B) the rate of cesarean delivery is less
C) contractions are harder and closer together
D) the chances of an instrument delivery are less
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants with more crawling experience
A) are far less likely to find hidden objects.
B) are less likely to remember object locations.
C) are far more likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.
D) become more fearless of the side of a bed or a staircase.
Q2) Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?
A) coloring a picture
B) playing peekaboo
C) learning to ride a bike
D) playing the piano
Q3) Baby Calinda sucks on a bottle. The taste of the sweet liquid increases Calinda's sucking. This is an example of
A) operant conditioning.
B) habituation.
C) classical conditioning.
D) extinction.
Q4) Using examples from the text, explain how cultural variations in infant-rearing practices affect motor development.
Q5) Describe some common forms of inadequate nutrition in the United States.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23630
Sample Questions
Q1) The greatest drawback of the information-processing perspective is its difficulty with
A) breaking down children's thoughts into precise procedures.
B) putting the components of cognition into a broad, comprehensive theory.
C) analyzing cognition into its components.
D) reducing changes in thoughts into manageable proportions.
Q2) In Piaget's theory, each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium occurs,
A) children regress to a previous stage of development.
B) less effective schemes are produced.
C) children adapt more than they organize.
D) more effective schemes are produced.
Q3) Chomsky proposed that all children
A) have a language acquisition device (LAD) that contains a universal grammar.
B) acquire language through imitation and reinforcement.
C) rely on imitation to rapidly acquire complex utterances.
D) cue their caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences.
Q4) List several strategies for supporting early language learning, noting the consequences of each.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23631
Sample Questions
Q1) Separation protest declines during which of Bowlby's phases?
A) preattachment
B) "attachment in the making"
C) "clear-cut" attachment
D) formation of a reciprocal relationship
Q2) __________ babies tend to receive overstimulating, intensive care.
A) Avoidant
B) Secure
C) Disorganized/disoriented
D) Resistant
Q3) Newborn Uli displays a stronger rooting reflex in response to an adult's finger touching her cheek than to her own hand touching her cheek. This finding demonstrates that Uli has the beginnings of
A) self-awareness.
B) effortful control.
C) an internal working model.
D) emotional self-regulation.
Q4) Describe Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory as it applies to the development of infant and toddler personality.
Page 9
Q5) Describe Bowlby's four phases of attachment.
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23632
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following 3-year-olds is most likely to share a bedroom with a sibling?
A) Dante, who is African American
B) Ruby, who is Hispanic
C) Jacob, who is Caucasian
D) Jing, who is Asian American
Q2) In developing countries,
A) vaccines weaken the immune system and children's susceptibility to disease.
B) most childhood deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with oral rehydration therapy (ORT).
C) most children receive government-funded immunizations.
D) widespread diarrhea leads to growth stunting but rarely to death.
Q3) Which of the following U.S. children is most likely to get his or her permanent teeth first?
A) Brooke, an obese girl
B) Malik, an undernourished boy
C) Jack, a well-nourished boy of average weight
D) Sasha, an undernourished girl
Q4) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Page 10
Q5) Discuss sex differences in motor skills in early childhood.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23633
Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence suggests that formal academic training during early childhood
A) produces children who have more confidence in their academic abilities.
B) produces children who display fewer stress behaviors, such as wiggling and rocking.
C) enhances children's study habits throughout the school years.
D) undermines young children's motivation and emotional well-being.
Q2) A Piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include
A) explicit verbal teaching of ready-made information.
B) a rich variety of activities designed to promote exploration and discovery.
C) introduction of new skills according to normative standards of readiness.
D) progress evaluation on the basis of average performance of same-age peers.
Q3) In non-Western village cultures, young children
A) seldom engage in question asking with adults.
B) rarely ask why-questions, aimed at getting explanations.
C) receive more informative answers from adults than do Western children.
D) are discouraged from asking too many questions.
Q4) List strategies for supporting emergent literacy in early childhood, and explain why each strategy is useful.
Q5) How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
Q6) What are scripts? How do they contribute to young children's memory development?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23634
Sample Questions
Q1) Research collected from diverse countries on gender typing demonstrates that teachers
A) tend to negotiate with boys who misbehave, coming up with a joint plan to improve behavior.
B) use more disapproval and controlling discipline with girls than with boys.
C) give more overall attention (both positive and negative) to boys than to girls.
D) seem to expect girls to misbehave more often than boys.
Q2) According to social learning theorists,
A) morality has a unique course of development.
B) reinforcement for good behavior is enough for children to acquire moral responses.
C) children learn to behave morally largely through modeling.
D) positive reinforcement for a child's character decreases a behavior's frequency.
Q3) __________ is vital for successful peer relationships and overall mental health.
A) Individualism
B) Emotional competence
C) Collectivism
D) Mental representation
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23635
Sample Questions
Q1) A ball thrown by a(n) __________ travels an average speed of 29 feet per second.
A) 6-year-old girl
B) 6-year-old boy
C) 8-year-old girl
D) 8-year-old boy
Q2) Which of the following statements about physical activity in U.S. schools is true?
A) Only six U.S. states require 45 minutes of physical education per day through the high school years.
B) More than two-thirds of school-age children do not attend any physical education classes during a typical school week.
C) Most U.S. states require some physical education in every grade.
D) Only one state mandates at least 30 minutes of physical education per day in elementary school.
Q3) By age 9, the sex difference in the growth trend
A) stabilizes.
B) accelerates.
C) reverses.
D) slows.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23636
Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of the impact of class size on elementary school children, placing teacher's aides in regular-size classes
A) raised math scores.
B) raised reading scores.
C) had no impact.
D) predicted higher graduation rates.
Q2) Eight-year-old Goran immigrates to the United States with his family. About how long will it take Croatian-speaking Goran to attain speaking and writing skills in English on a par with his English-speaking agemates?
A) 1 to 2 years
B) 3 to 5 years
C) 5 to 7 years
D) until he is an adult
Q3) Gardner believes that each intelligence
A) is rooted in early environmental experiences.
B) has a biological basis.
C) has a similar course of development.
D) has a unique neurological basis.
Q4) Describe Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence.
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23637
Sample Questions
Q1) From middle childhood on, individual differences in self-esteem become A) less well-defined.
B) increasingly stable.
C) more flexible.
D) less important.
Q2) Compared with preschoolers, school-age children who give eyewitness testimony are
A) better at correctly inferring other's motives and intentions.
B) less resistant to misleading questions.
C) less likely to give detailed narrative accounts.
D) less able to recall recent events accurately.
Q3) In middle childhood, children's anxieties are directed toward new concerns, such as a fear of
A) the dark.
B) supernatural beings.
C) thunder and lightning.
D) the possibility of dying.
Q4) Describe some of the consequences of child sexual abuse from early childhood to adulthood.
Q5) How does children's self-esteem change from early to middle childhood?
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