Lifespan Development Question Bank
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the patterns of growth, change, and stability that occur throughout the human life cycle, from conception to late adulthood. The course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development across distinct age periods, highlighting key theories, research findings, and the interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. By investigating the challenges and milestones of each stage, students will gain a deeper understanding of individual differences and the factors that promote healthy development across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 4th Edition by Shaffer
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17 Chapters
2557 Verified Questions
2557 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1897
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136979
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the variable that is observed or measured during an experiment?
A) dependent
B) independent
C) confounding
D) bi-directional
Answer: A
Q2) What is one of the advantages associated with naturalistic observation?
A) Some behaviours occur infrequently and, therefore, are unlikely to be observed.
B) People may behave differently when they know they are being observed.
C) Naturalistic observation does not require verbal instructions and, therefore, can be used to study the behaviour of infants and toddlers.
D) Some socially undesirable behaviours are unlikely to be witnessed by an unknown observer in natural settings.
Answer: C
Q3) Identify the two general ways in which developmental changes can occur and provide examples that illustrate each of these processes.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one key difference between Bandura's and Skinner's views of development?
A) Bandura believes reinforcers and punishers have little effect on behaviour.
B) Bandura believes reinforcers are more effective than punishers in shaping behaviour.
C) Bandura believes people anticipate the consequences that are likely to follow their behaviour.
D) Bandura believes people will often work harder to obtain a small reward than they will to obtain a large reward.
Answer: C
Q2) While Kyle's mother was toilet training him,she punished Kyle whenever he had an "accident." According to Freud's theory,what would be the outcome of this punishment for Kyle's personality?
A) Kyle would be unaffected by being punished because that is how children learn from their mistakes.
B) Kyle might be withdrawn and need constant reassurance about his worth.
C) Kyle might be anxious, inhibited, and somewhat messy.
D) Kyle might be unable to form relationships with women because they do not compare to his mother.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences on Development
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Axel has a sex chromosome abnormality.He has severe mental retardation and shows some evidence of repetitive self-stimulatory behaviour.Based on this description,what disorder does Axel have?
A) Supermale
B) fragile-X
C) Turner's
D) Klinefelter's
Answer: B
Q2) Which characteristic differentiates a man with Supermale syndrome from typical males?
A) He is taller.
B) He is more intelligent.
C) He is more aggressive.
D) He is shorter.
Answer: A
Q3) Explain what is meant by the term canalization and provide examples of genetic canalization and environmental canalization in human development.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which part of the body is vulnerable to teratogens only during early pregnancy?
A) the arms
B) the central nervous system
C) the eyes
D) the genitals
Q2) Assume a pregnant woman is exposed to a teratogen during her pregnancy.For each time period listed,identify the structures that are most likely to be affected,and indicate the extent to which they are likely to be affected.Exposure during week 3,week 5,week 8,week 16,and week 25.
Q3) When Florence was pregnant,her doctor advised her that moderate drinking was okay but to avoid heavy drinking or bingeing.According to current research is her doctor's advice valid?
A) no, because social drinking can have teratogenic effects
B) yes, because only heavy or binge drinking will have teratogenic effects.
C) yes, because only women who also smoke during their pregnancies show teratogenic effects.
D) no, because a conclusive link between drinking and birth defects exists
Q4) Describe the effects of prenatal exposure to rubella.
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Chapter 5: Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam and Nina are in the delivery room,waiting for the birth of their first child.The doctor tells them that Nina is 5 centimetres dilated.Which stage of labour is Nina in?
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) indeterminate
Q2) Janet and Steve had their first child two months ago.Steve is getting impatient with Janet because she cries frequently and has little energy or enthusiasm for anything.Although neither Janet nor Steve know it,Janet is probably experiencing extended postpartum depression.
(a)What factors have been found to contribute to extended postpartum depression?
(b)What general approaches might be helpful for Janet in getting over her depression?
Q3) Which reflex assists the infant to feed?
A) Moro
B) Babinski
C) rooting
D) palmar grasp
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Chapter 6: Physical Development
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which developmental period do the most rapid gains in body height occur?
A) infancy
B) early childhood
C) middle childhood
D) adolescence
Q2) List three possible explanations for the sequencing and timing of early motor development and briefly summarize each of these views.
Q3) We often joke "use it or lose it." Does carefully controlled research with nonhuman animals support this statement with respect to the development of the human brain?
A) no, although it is true of nonhuman animals such as rodents
B) yes, because brain size and structure are modified by experience in both humans and nonhuman animals
C) maybe, it depends on the age of the person because this finding is applicable to the period of adolescence
D) maybe, it depends on the age of the person, because this finding is applicable to perinatal period.
Q4) Describe the interaction between the emergence of gross motor skills and developing perceptual abilities.
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Chapter 7: Early Cognitive Foundations
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the various sensory modalities,which is the least mature at birth?
A) smell
B) hearing
C) touch
D) vision
Q2) Which of the following best characterizes the phenomenon of classical conditioning?
A) changing the frequency of a behaviour that is already in the individual's repertoire
B) ceasing to respond to repeated presentations of a stimulus
C) a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response that is normally elicited by another stimulus
D) the gradual weakening and disappearance of any learned response
Q3) Describe in detail two pieces of research evidence to support the conclusion that culture influences the ability to make perceptual discriminations.
Q4) Outline the basics of enrichment theory and differentiation theory.
Q5) Describe the negative side effects that have been found to be associated with severe punishments,and then describe two nonaversive punishment strategies.
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9
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would be an overall slogan of Vygotsky's theory?
A) "The child discovers knowledge."
B) "The child develops among others."
C) "Innate competencies unfold with maturation."
D) "Behavioural reinforcers guide the child's development."
Q2) According to Piaget,when does the formal operational period of development occur?
A) from birth through to age 2
B) from age 2 through to age 7
C) from age 7 through to age 11
D) from age 11 through adulthood
Q3) According to Piaget,how is cognitive growth stimulated?
A) by repetition of familiar schemes
B) by exposure to a structured environment
C) by mismatches between existing knowledge and the external environment
D) by creation of cognitive operations and symbolic schemes
Q4) List the six substages of the sensorimotor stage,the ages associated with each substage,and the types of cognitive activities that are dominant during each substage.
Q5) Compare and contrast Vygotsky's and Piaget's views on general cognitive growth.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136987
Sample Questions
Q1) What does research on the ability to recall early childhood events indicate about most adults' memories?
A) Most adults do not recall events that occurred before age 3 because of the young child's limited memory capacity.
B) Most adults do not recall events that occurred before age 3, possibly because the events were stored nonverbally and are difficult to retrieve.
C) Most adults recall numerous vivid memories of events that occurred before age 3, particularly emotional events such as birthdays or scary events such as injuries.
D) Most adults do not recall events that occurred before age 3, probably because of the emotional nature of the content.
Q2) What process allowed you to practise your presentation?
A) implicit memory
B) explicit memory
C) explicit base
D) implicit base
Q3) Discuss research evidence that relates to the suggestibility of child witnesses.
Q4) List three ways in which fuzzy traces differ from verbatim traces.
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Chapter 10: Intelligence
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136988
Sample Questions
Q1) Helen has been studying music for three years.When she first started her studies she had a hard time playing new pieces accurately,but now she is able to quickly sight-read most new pieces.According to Cattell,what type of intelligence is responsible for Helen's current ability?
A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) creative
Q2) Robert Sternberg proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence that distinguishes between three types of intelligence: context,experience,and information-processing skills.Characterize each and note how Sternberg's view of intelligence differs from traditional views and methods of assessing intelligence.
Q3) Discuss research evidence in support of the "cumulative-deficit" hypothesis.
Q4) Describe how well IQ scores predict scholastic achievement,vocational success,and health and adjustment.
Q5) Explain what is meant by savant syndrome and provide an illustrative example of this syndrome.
Q6) Explain how a child's mental age would be determined using Binet's testing procedure.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136989
Sample Questions
Q1) List three characteristics that are typical in child-directed speech (or motherese).
Q2) You are listening as two young children,Yolanda and Bruno,talk to their fathers at the playground.Yolanda points to almost everything she sees and asks her father,"What that?" Bruno can't seem to stop asking his father "Why?" Based on the research into the development of question asking in young children,what might you reasonably conclude about the children's ages?
A) Both children are the same age, because both are asking questions that have concrete referents.
B) Bruno is somewhat older than Yolanda, because his questions have abstract referents.
C) Both children are the same age, because both are asking questions that have abstract referents.
D) Yolanda is somewhat older than Bruno, because her questions have concrete referents.
Q3) Explain what is meant by overextension and underextension and provide examples to illustrate each type of linguistic error.
Q4) Outline the interactionist perspective of language development.
Q5) List the five components of language and briefly describe each component.
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Chapter 12: Emotional Development,temperament,and
Attachment
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136990
Sample Questions
Q1) Daphne is 11 months old and her brother Nillson is 2 years old.On a recent visit their aunt brought her new puppy with her,and watched both children's reactions when she first set the puppy on the floor.Given your knowledge of social referencing,how did Daphne and Nillson respond?
A) Nillson looked at their aunt before approaching the puppy, whereas Daphne looked at her after approaching the puppy.
B) Both children looked at their aunt before approaching the puppy.
C) Both children approached the puppy before looking at their aunt.
D) Daphne looked at their aunt before approaching the puppy, whereas Nillson looked at their aunt after approaching the puppy.
Q2) Which of the following best characterizes the effect on the infant when the mother is depressed?
A) They are still generally able to form a secure parent-infant attachment relationship.
B) They tend to become hyperactive and fussy, developing a difficult temperament.
C) They tend to become angry and may mimic her depressive symptoms.
D) They will develop disorganized attachments.
Q3) Briefly outline the learning theory of attachment formation.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136991
Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe each of Selman's stages of social perspective taking; indicating for each the relationship to the child's general stage of cognitive development.
Q2) According to Dweck and associates,many teachers unwittingly foster a sense of learned helplessness through their feedback for a child's successes and failures.Which of the following patterns of attribution are these teachers most likely to use?
A) They attribute success to luck and failure to lack of effort.
B) They attribute success to high effort and failure to low ability.
C) They attribute success to high ability and failure to unfair testing conditions.
D) They attribute success to hard work and failure to low ability.
Q3) List and describe four factors that could potentially influence an adolescent's progress toward achieving a stable identity.
Q4) What characterizes the parental behaviour of those children who show a low need to achieve?
A) They set high standards and give praise for success.
B) They offer only tangible rewards for successes.
C) They offer encouragement regardless of success or failure.
D) They monitor their children's academic progress, but also allow autonomy.
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Chapter 14: Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role
Development,and Sexual Behavior
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136992
Sample Questions
Q1) Jordan is 15 years old and has an 18-year-old brother and a 19-year-old sister,both of whom are sexually active.Given this information,what might you expect about Jordan's sexual activity?
A) If Jordan is a female, she is less likely to become sexually active at an early age.
B) If Jordan is a male, he is more likely to become sexually active at an early age.
C) If Jordan is a male, he is less likely to become sexually active at an early age.
D) Regardless of whether or not Jordan is male or female, he or she is more likely to become sexually active at an earlier age than either of the older siblings.
Q2) On the average,on which tests of cognitive ability do females perform better than males?
A) short-term memory
B) verbal skills
C) visual-spatial
D) mathematical
Q3) Describe the qualities associated with expressive and instrumental traits.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the term psychological androgyny.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research evidence,why is empathy a poor predictor of altruistic behaviour in younger children?
A) They are less able to experience vicarious emotions.
B) They often fail to understand why they feel emotionally aroused.
C) They have not yet developed the capacity to experience empathy.
D) They are less likely to experience personal distress when they are emotionally aroused.
Q2) List and give a detailed description of each of the three levels of moral reasoning proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg.
Q3) A girl imagines that an unknown boy shown on TV will feel lonely and sorry because he just lost both parents during a natural disaster.What is the girl experiencing?
A) passive victimization
B) sympathetic empathic arousal
C) self-oriented distress
D) inhibitory control
Q4) Identify three factors that may contribute to social class differences in levels of aggression and antisocial conduct.
Q5) Briefly outline the key aspects in Freud's theory of Oedipal morality.
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Chapter 16: The Family
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the two dimensions of parenting that are considered to be important throughout childhood and adolescence.
Q2) Stella is a 14-year-old who wants to go to her first boy-girl evening party.The party will be at her best friend Jennifer's house but without chaperones.Stella tells her parents about the party and asks if she can go.Which type of response would be typical of Stella's permissive parents?
A) "Absolutely not. Case closed."
B) "Do whatever you want. It's your life. We don't care where you go."
C) "Let's sit down and discuss this. We're not sure it's a good idea, but we'd like to hear all the details. We can probably work something out."
D) "We don't think it's a good idea, but if you really want to go, it's okay with us."
Q3) The principle that families are embedded within larger cultural contexts supports which theorist's perspective?
A) Piaget
B) Skinner
C) Freud
D) Bronfenbrenner
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Extrafamilial Influences
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marcia wants to do something concrete to help reduce the harmful effects of TV violence on her children,but she does not want to ban all of their favourite shows.Because she is an authoritarian parent,she simply tells her children to turn off the TV whenever she catches one of them watching a program with violent content,and she refuses to listen to why they are interested in the program.Is Marcia's strategy likely to be effective?
A) No, she should encouraging watching nonviolent shows that provide prosocial models of behaviour.
B) No, she should also watch the violent shows with her children and help them critique the shows; commenting on the consequences of violent acts, antisocial motives, etc.
C) Yes, because she is reinforcing the message that the aggression in the shows they like is bad.
D) Yes, because her strict rules usually work best for negative events such as televised violence.
Q2) List and describe the five levels of social complexity that Parten identified in children's play.Give an illustrative example of each of your points.
Q3) How is television viewing linked to obesity in children?
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Page 19