Lifespan Development Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human life, from conception to death. The course examines major theories, milestones, and research findings relevant to each stage of development, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Students will analyze how genetics, environment, culture, and individual choices interact to shape development, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence growth and change across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook HDEV 2nd Canadian Edition by Spencer Rathus
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3773 Verified Questions
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2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following researchers has NOT been in some way connected to the field or concepts incorporated in ethology?
A) Lorenz
B) Bronfenbrenner
C) Tinbergen
D) Darwin
Answer: B
Q2) According to Piaget, which of the following is NOT a stage of cognitive development?
A) the hypothetical stage
B) the sensorimotor stage
C) the preoperational stage
D) the concrete operational stage
Answer: A
Q3) Information-processing theory uses the computer as a metaphor for human thinking and memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
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225 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the meaning of "heredity"?
A) the manifestation of traits in a person's characteristics
B) the biological transmission of traits and characteristics
C) the combination of genes that influence our phenotype
D) the division of cells that determine the person we become
Answer: B
Q2) A person who has a dominant trait for brown eyes and a recessive trait for blue eyes is most likely to be brown-eyed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What characteristic distinguishes polygenic traits?
A) They are uncommon in humans.
B) They are transmitted only by the female.
C) They result in more complex characteristics.
D) They are transmitted by a single pair of genes.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World
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213 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What experience has been reported by women who used a midwife?
A) a shorter labour
B) a lower rate of fetal distress
C) less pain
D) fewer medical interventions than other patients
Answer: D
Q2) Dr.Shea is practising medicine for the first time in a northern Aboriginal community.She can expect that, compared with Toronto, a lower percentage of this population will access health care.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The absence or weakness of a newborn's reflex may indicate immaturity, slowed responsiveness, brain injury, or neurological impairment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The medulla is responsible for higher level thinking and memory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bethany is a newborn whose brain CANNOT control heartbeat and respiration.Which part of Bethany's brain is mostly likely damaged?
A) the medulla
B) the pituitary
C) the cerebellum
D) the hypothalamus
Q3) What is meant by the phrase "brain adaptability is a double-edged sword"?
A) Once we learn something, we CANNOT unlearn it.
B) Our brains are NOT good at adapting to changing environments.
C) Excessive stimulation can be as damaging as too little stimulation.
D) Our brains can adjust to changing demands, but lack of stimulation can impair this ability.
Q4) Young infants are capable of perceiving most of the speech sounds present in the world's languages
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) By what age will most children have demonstrated coordination of secondary schemes?
A) by age 2 to 3 months
B) by age 4 to 5 months
C) by age 8 or 9 months
D) by age 12 to 18 months
Q2) Universal grammar refers to the surface structure of language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mary, a new parent, is embracing her daughter, Samantha.Mary can be heard speaking slowly to Samantha, at a higher pitch, and with pauses inserted between her words.What would developmentalists call Mary's speech pattern?
A) morphology
B) grammatical construction
C) shaping
D) Motherese
Q4) What is object permanence and what abilities does it represent?
Q5) Reading to a child can help foster his or her language development.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did Ainsworth use to study attachment?
A) the Stranger Test
B) the Strange Situation
C) the Mother-Absent Procedure
D) the Mother-Present Procedure
Q2) Daycare has been shown to be extremely harmful to attachment relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An infant appears stunned and puzzled by her mother's departure.What type of attachment is this infant demonstrating?
A) secure attachment
B) avoidant attachment
C) ambivalent attachment
D) disorganized attachment
Q4) What biological factors are suspected of contributing to autism spectrum disorders?
A) abnormal brain wave patterns or seizures
B) in utero contact with lead or other teratogens
C) increased activity in the frontal and temporal lobes
D) vaccines, particularly those that include a mercury preservative
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Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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217 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between preschool programs and cognitive development in economically disadvantaged children?
A) These programs have had little effectiveness.
B) These programs improve the children's social skills.
C) These programs provide environmental enrichment.
D) These programs help cognitive development, but may place undue pressure on young children.
Q2) During what sleep stage does bedwetting usually occur?
A) during stage 1 sleep
B) during REM sleep
C) during stage 3 sleep
D) during the deepest stage of sleep
Q3) Diarrhea is a significant cause of death in developing countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The majority of research results show that language comes before cognition.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q5) Discuss what memory is like in early childhood.
Q6) What is theory of mind? How does it work?
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best way to get children to act prosocially is to reward them for doing so.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theorist focused on the relationships between parenting styles and the development of competent behaviour in children?
A) Diana Baumrind
B) Eric Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg
Q3) In most cultures, older brothers are expected to care for their younger siblings.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to genetics-based theories of aggression, genes may contribute to aggression through which sex hormones?
A) the male sex hormone testosterone
B) the male sex hormone progesterone
C) the female sex hormone estrogen
D) both the male sex hormones of testosterone and progesterone
Q5) Discuss what is known about the development of gender typing.
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Chapter 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is most likely the cause of dyslexia?
A) a genetic component
B) damage to chromosome 7
C) exposure to an environmental toxin
D) a lack of oxygen during the birthing process
Q2) One strategy for promoting memory is to encode visual stimuli as sounds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do IQ scores at age 9 correlate with IQ scores at age 18?
A) The research is inconclusive.
B) The scores depend on ongoing environmental factors.
C) They are highly positively correlated.
D) They are moderately positively related.
Q4) Decentration is required for proper conservation in the concrete operational period of development.
A)True B)False
Q5) Discuss motor development during the middle childhood years.Do gender differences affect motor development? If so, what might account for these gender differences?
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Chapter 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The profile of the Canadian family has changed during the past fifty years.Describe some of the major shifts noted from 1961 to 2011.
Q2) In 2013, an Ontario sports organization decided to discontinue scoring and the maintenance of standings for its players.What was the reasoning behind this decision?
A) Keeping score encourages rough play, leading to an increased number of concussions.
B) Keeping score can be damaging to the self-esteem of young children.
C) Keeping score encourages increased competiveness, which promotes bullying of those who do NOT score or contribute.
D) Keeping score promotes achievement, and places pressure on families to supplement their child's sport with additional training and the associated costs.
Q3) Which of the following would a psychotherapist be most likely to tell parents about the use of psychotherapy for treating depression in children?
A) It is the most successful method available.
B) It is mainly cognitive-behavioural in nature.
C) It works quite well for girls, but NOT for boys.
D) It relies predominantly on the use of medication.
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Page 13
Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
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209 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In preconventional morality, children base moral judgments on the consequences of their behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to contemporary research, adolescence is now viewed as a time of which of the following?
A) storm and stress
B) relative stability
C) immense unhappiness
D) biological, cognitive, social, and emotional changes
Q3) Formal operational thinking involves abstract and hypothetical concepts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following did Kohlberg NOT link moral development to?
A) age
B) cultural setting
C) cognitive development
D) religious instruction
Page 14
Q5) What are the characteristics of moral development in adolescence?
Q6) What is school like for the adolescent?
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teenagers who have close relationships with their parents are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the effect of gender differences on peer intimacy and support?
A) The gender differences are consistent regardless of ethnicity.
B) Gender differences only exist if peers are of the same ethnicity.
C) The gender differences show that boys report more intimacy and peer support than girls.
D) Compared with male adolescents, adolescent females are more likely to disclose to each other their secrets and personal troubles.
Q3) When surveyed, 25% of Canadian-born teens said they disapproved of gay marriages.What percentage of immigrant teens in Canada also said they disapproved?
A) 10 to 20%
B) 20 to 30%
C) 40 to 50%
D) 50 to 60%
Q4) How does self-esteem change during adolescence?
Page 16
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Chapter 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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202 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an extrinsic motive for working?
A) to earn money
B) to be social engaged
C) to avoid a sense of aimlessness
D) to engage in stimulating activities
Q2) Which of the following best characterizes obesity?
A) It cannot be avoided.
B) It decreases during early adulthood.
C) It may involve adaptive mechanisms.
D) It is caused by biological factors alone.
Q3) How do depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens affect the body differently? Give examples of each.
Q4) Substance abuse can only occur with non-prescription drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During early adulthood, most men's body composition has a higher percentage of muscle than fat.
A)True B)False
Page 17
Q6) How do intrinsic and extrinsic motives cause people to work?
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Page 18
Chapter 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best characterizes those who cohabit?
A) They have less traditional views of marriage than those who do NOT cohabit.
B) They are more likely to be highly religious than those who do NOT cohabit.
C) They do NOT believe in marriage.
D) They do so because their lives are more transient than those who marry.
Q2) Amy and Andy are twins in early adulthood.Which of the following best represents their feelings of connectedness to their parents?
A) They are more essential for Andy than for Amy.
B) They need to be completely detached before Amy and Andy truly become adults.
C) They drop off fully after Amy and Andy begin attending college or university.
D) They are related to the financial and emotional support Amy and Andy receive from their parents.
Q3) Loneliness is related to both physical health problems and depression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Of all marriages in Canada, 20 to 25% will end in divorce.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the consequences of loneliness?
Page 19
Q6) Why do people get married?
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Page 20
Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a change to skin during middle adulthood?
A) Skin loses its elasticity.
B) Skin loses its melanin.
C) Skin becomes oilier.
D) Skin produces additional proteins.
Q2) Which of the following best represents the frequency of sexual activity during middle adulthood?
A) It is rare among single adults.
B) It drops progressively because of health problems alone.
C) It drops off noticeably compared with early adulthood.
D) It may drop because of a lack of opportunity and sexual dysfunction.
Q3) Which of the following best represents the findings of research on the effects of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT)?
A) It caused cancer in everyone who used it.
B) It increased the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease for those who used it.
C) It decreased the risk of breast cancer for those who used it.
D) It has provides advantages and disadvantages for many women.
Q4) How do menopause, perimenopause, and the climacteric differ?
Q5) How does stress affect the body?
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Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Havighurst's developmental tasks are relevant for gay and lesbian adults. A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following has been shown by research on job satisfaction during middle adulthood?
A) Few people are satisfied with their jobs.
B) Most workers are satisfied with their jobs.
C) Earnings levels have little to do with job satisfaction.
D) Most people are happy with how much they are paid.
Q3) Women who have a college or university education do NOT typically experience increased personal distress as they advance from middle adulthood to late adulthood. A)True
B)False
Q4) Having children is necessary for successful generativity, according to Erikson. A)True
B)False
Q5) Life events are generally negative.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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198 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is osteoporosis a problem for older adults?
Q2) Older adults may become addicted to prescription drugs. A)True B)False
Q3) Which of the following was found by experiments with younger and older adults who were asked to solve math problems?
A) Younger adults used fewer strategies, but displayed faster processing speed in solving complex math problems.
B) Younger adults used more strategies, but were slower in solving complex math problems.
C) Older adults used fewer strategies and displayed slower processing speed in solving complex math problems.
D) Older adults used more strategies, but were slower in solving complex math problems.
Q4) The stress hormone theory of aging is an example of a cellular damage theory. A)True B)False
Q5) How do vision and hearing change during late adulthood?
Q6) Is sex still possible during late adulthood?
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Chapter 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In late adulthood, self-esteem may be lower than in middle adulthood.Which of the following best accounts for this drop in self-esteem?
A) Older adults have suffered from ego despair.
B) Older adults cannot inflate their self-esteem.
C) Older adults are typically depressed during late adulthood.
D) Older people may experience many losses during late adulthood.
Q2) According to the textbook, which of the following best characterizes older adults who live in urban areas?
A) They are more likely than other age groups to be victims of crimes.
B) They may be afraid of being victims of crimes.
C) They cannot be helped to cope with their fears.
D) Their taxes generally skyrocket, forcing them out of their homes.
Q3) Which of the following best characterizes generalized anxiety disorder?
A) It is a phobic disorder.
B) It is rare in older adults.
C) It is considered the same as depression.
D) It is the perception that one lacks control over one's life.
Q4) How do disengagement theory and activity theory differ in their explanations of successful aging? Does research support either view? Explain your answer.
Page 24
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Chapter 19: Life's
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following persons is NOT likely to work with a dying patient through hospice care?
A) a doctor
B) a pastoral counsellor
C) a bereavement specialist
D) a physiotherapist
Q2) Which of the following does NOT characterize a child's reaction to the death of a loved one?
A) A child regresses.
B) A child becomes insecure.
C) A child is angry.
D) A child ignores the situation.
Q3) It is NOT normal for children to fear death.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most people in Canada today die at home.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do children experience death of a loved one differently from older people?
Page 25
Q6) How do bereavement, grief, and mourning differ?
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