Lifespan Development
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development is a comprehensive course that explores the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes individuals experience from conception to late adulthood. Through an examination of major developmental theories, research findings, and real-world applications, students will gain insights into the factors that influence growth, adaptation, and aging across the human lifespan. The course emphasizes the interplay of biological, psychological, cultural, and environmental factors in shaping development and prepares students to apply developmental principles in diverse personal and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Children 13th Edition by John Santrock
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1905 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Which of the following theoretical perspectives of development describes development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion?
A)Psychoanalytic
B)Cognitive
C)Ethological
D)Ecological
Answer: A
Q2) Insects go through egg,larval,and adult stages of development.These stages best illustrate the _____ of development.
A)nature view
B)later stages
C)nurture view
D)discontinuity
Answer: D
Q3) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two of the following methods for collecting data: observation,surveys and interviews,standardized tests,and case study. Answer: Students' answers may vary. Observation: Surveys and interviews: Standardized tests: Case study:
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Q1) Describe the epigenetic view of development.
Answer: The epigenetic view states that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.Heredity and environment operate together-or collaborate-to produce various observable traits of a person.
Q2) Which of the following is an idea generated and supported by evolutionary psychology?
A)Gender roles are socially constructed as opposed to being a function of evolution.
B)The mind is like a general-purpose device that can be applied equally to a vast array of problems because evolved psychological mechanisms are not domain-specific.
C)All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society.
D)An extended childhood period evolved in humans because they require time to develop a large brain and learn the complexity of human societies.
Answer: D
Q3) Briefly describe any two prenatal diagnostic procedures that are "more invasive" than ultrasound sonography and fetal MRI.
Answer: Following are two of the more invasive types of prenatal tests:
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.
A)Rubella
B)Eczema herpeticum
C)Pseudoangiomatosis
D)Syphilis
Answer: D
Q2) If Jennifer wants to reduce the risk of having a baby with a birth defect caused by an environmental substance like drugs or alcohol,she should try her best to avoid these substances during A)conception.
B)gametogenesis.
C)the fetal period.
D)the embryonic period.
Answer: D
Q3) Describe the important events and facts pertaining to each of the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. The important events of the three periods of prenatal development are:
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) A very low birth weight infant weighs less than _____ pounds at birth.
A)3.5
B)4.0
C)5.5
D)2.0
Q2) When babies are born,they are covered with a protective skin grease called
A)Wharton's jelly.
B)vernix caseosa.
C)meconium.
D)lanugo.
Q3) Which of the following measures of neonatal health and responsiveness is typically performed within 24 to 36 hours after birth?
A)Apgar Scale
B)The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
C)Bayley Scales of Infant Development
D)Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale
Q4) Describe a measure of neonatal health and responsiveness that is used to assess "at-risk" infants.
Q5) Compare and contrast the Apgar Scale and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Q1) Which of the following views states that perceptual development in infants is dependent on the development of a sequence of cognitive stages to construct more complex perceptual tasks?
A)The ecological view
B)The nativist view
C)The constructivist view
D)The dynamic systems view
Q2) In a newborn,the size of the head is approximately _____ the proportion of the total body length.
A)half
B)one-third
C)one-fourth
D)three-forth
Q3) Nathan,who is ten months old,picks up small blocks using his thumb and forefinger.The type of grasp used by Nathan is called the _____ grip.
A)pencil
B)tripod
C)palmer
D)pincer
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Q1) Describe the nature and function of pragmatics with an example.
Q2) What is joint attention? Give an example of how joint attention plays an important role in many aspects of infant development.
Q3) What are Meltzoff's views on imitation in infants?
Q4) A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next is known as A)vocalization.
B)equilibration.
C)conceptualization. D)causation.
Q5) In trying to understand the world,the child is constantly faced with inconsistencies and counterexamples to his or her existing schemes.This phenomenon is defined as A)disequilibrium.
B)deconstruction.
C)reactance.
D)disruption.
Q6) Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory.
Q7) What are the milestones of the sixth sensorimotor substage given by Piaget?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a part of the brain that plays an important role in fear and inhibition?
A)Amygdala
B)Cochlea
C)Vestibule
D)Pinna
Q2) Which of the following is one of the categories of temperament included in Rothbart and Bates' classification of temperament?
A)Openness to experience
B)Agreeableness
C)Neuroticism
D)Effortful control
Q3) Reciprocal socialization occurs when
A)children socialize with peers.
B)parents socialize children.
C)children and parents socialize each other.
D)parents socialize children in ways similar to how their parents socialized them.
Q4) What is attachment? Explain the view of Sigmund Freud on attachment in infants.
Q5) What are the three different types of cries?
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to Kellogg's views on young children's artistic drawings?
A)Young children's art at the preschool level is comprised of meaningless scribbles.
B)By two years of age,children can create 20 basic scribbles that are integral to all forms of graphic art.
C)As young children progress from scribbling to picture making,they go through four distinguishable stages: pictorial,shape,design,and placement.
D)A vast majority of children reach the shape stage at six years and the pictorial stage at eight years of age.
Q2) Neurons communicate with each other through chemical substances that carry information between the neurons across A)synapses.
B)karyotypes.
C)phenotypes.
D)triglycerides.
Q3) What are the various ways through which parents can provide a context for artistic exploration to children?
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) In a child-centered kindergarten,education focuses on the A)child's social interaction.
B)role of a teacher as a director.
C)child's freedom to choose activities.
D)process of learning.
Q2) Studies of the _____ view the child as "a thinker who is trying to explain,predict,and understand people's thoughts,feelings,and utterances."
A)theory of sociocultural environment
B)theory of relative development
C)theory of mind
D)theory of cognitivity
Q3) According to research,the greatest gains in vigilance occur
A)prior to birth.
B)during infancy.
C)during the preschool years.
D)during late childhood.
Q4) What is centration?
Q5) Describe the Montessori approach to education.
Q6) Describe the concept of the zone of proximodal development.
Q7) What is a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Androgens are a class of sex hormones that are secreted by the A)ovaries.
B)adrenal glands.
C)thalamus.
D)testes.
Q2) Which of the following is a desirable strategy when handling misbehavior by children?
A)Corporal punishment
B)Mild spanking
C)Time outs
D)Power assertion
Q3) Research by McCoy and Raber suggests that higher levels of caregiver negativity and lower levels of children's emotional regulation were linked to _____ behavior problems.
A)more externalizing
B)fewer externalizing
C)more internalizing
D)fewer internalizing
Q4) What is sensorimotor and practice play?
Q5) What are the developmental consequences of child abuse?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) A major aspect of the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA involved aligning it with the government's _____ legislation,which was designed to improve the educational achievement of all students,including those with disabilities.
A)education in the least restrictive environment
B)No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
C)individualized education plan (IEP)
D)Public Law 94-142
Q2) The more children watch television,the more they are likely to A)be depressed.
B)be overweight.
C)become active.
D)fail academically.
Q3) Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Q4) Training in which individuals with ADHD become more aware of their physiological responses so that they can attain better executive control is called
A)neurofeedback.
B)neurorecycling.
C)relaxation.
D)intensive.
13
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) List a few ideas from Piaget's theory that educators can use.
Q2) Self-control,working memory,and flexibility are all dimensions of A)executive function.
B)peer groups.
C)creativity.
D)divergent thinking.
Q3) Sondra has been asking questions about her extended family.In order to understand how all the relationships are interconnected,she needs to be able to use the skill of A)seriation.
B)centration.
C)classification.
D)animism.
Q4) According to Carol Dweck,an individual displaying a growth mindset is likely to exhibit a _____ orientation.
A)helpless
B)mastery
C)confused
D)creative
Page 14
Q5) List a few strategies for encouraging children's creative thinking.
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) According to recent research,which of the following is a long-term consequence of low self-esteem?
A)Increased marital satisfaction
B)Decreased life satisfaction
C)Decreased financial stability
D)Increased career satisfaction
Q2) What is a moral personality? Describe the components of a moral personality.
Q3) Proponents of the constructivist approach believe that
A)schools should increase the amount of rote memorization required to ensure children are acquiring enough knowledge.
B)play and recess should be eliminated from the curriculum.
C)collaboration,children working together,should receive more emphasis in schools.
D)passive learning is best suited for teaching children critical thinking skills.
Q4) _____ refers to domain-specific evaluations of the self.
A)Self-actualization
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-efficacy
D)Self-concept
15
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to emerging adulthood?
A)Emerging adulthood and young adulthood refer to the identical stage of life.
B)Emerging adulthood is categorized as the lifespan between 20 and 40 years.
C)Experimentation and exploration characterize the emerging adulthood stage of life.
D)This stage is marked by a lack of possibilities to alter the course of one's life.
Q2) Which of the following is a cognitive factor related to sexual risk-taking behavior?
A)Lower parental monitoring
B)Higher levels of proximity to sexually active peers and siblings
C)Lower levels of maternal communication relating to sex
D)Higher degree of attention problems
Q3) In the United States,which ethnic group has the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy?
A)Latina adolescents
B)African American adolescents
C)Non-Latina White adolescents
D)Asian American adolescents
Q4) What are the physical changes that occur in males during puberty?
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Q1) One important goal of service learning is to help students
A)become less self-centered.
B)improve their grades.
C)develop their academic skills.
D)become more competitive and ambitious.
Q2) What is an integrative approach to moral education?
Q3) _____ is an aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation.
A)Forgiveness
B)Kindness
C)Empathy
D)Gratitude
Q4) Kendall realizes that her sister did not mean to ruin the sweater that she borrowed and told her sister that she understood it was an accident.Kendall is exhibiting
A)forgiveness.
B)kindness.
C)empathy.
D)gratitude.
Q5) What is the role of parenting in the formation of religious beliefs?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Who among the following is most likely to be depressed?
A)Marie,a 10-year-old female
B)Tony,an 11-year-old male
C)Lashay,a 16-year-old female
D)Dave,a 15-year-old male
Q2) List at least four causes of juvenile delinquency.
Q3) Who among the following is MOST likely to engage in suicidal behavior?
A)Mike,a 12-year-old male
B)Tony,a 15-year-old male
C)Harry,a 21-year-old male
D)Dave,an 18-year-old male
Q4) Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in the state college near their hometown.Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself,and he will probably do what they advise.What is the identity status of Ramon,according to James Marcia?
A)Identity diffusion
B)Identity foreclosure
C)Identity moratorium
D)Identity achievement
Q5) Describe the nature of friendship in adolescence.
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