Lifespan Development
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development examines the patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior throughout the human life cycle, from conception to late adulthood. The course explores key developmental stages, highlighting the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes individuals experience over time, and emphasizing the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Through theoretical perspectives and contemporary research, students gain a foundational understanding of the complexities and diversity of human development across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Children 12th Edition by John Santrock
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16 Chapters
1544 Verified Questions
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which process of development involves interactions with other people?
A)Integrative process
B)Biological process
C)Cognitive process
D)Socioemotional process
Answer: D
Q2) Miyako considers herself to be a member of the Ainu tribe because she speaks their language,follows their customs,practices their religion,and knows a lot about their history.Miyako's membership in the Ainu tribe is an example of her:
A)collective efficacy.
B)ethnicity.
C)dominant association.
D)primary conditioning.
Answer: B
Q3) _____ theory gave rise to the idea that knowledge is situated and collaborative.
A)Erikson's
B)Freud's
C)Vygotsky's
D)Piaget's
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Q1) Eric and Scott are identical twins,while Ann,their younger sister,is two years younger.When Eric and Scott were twelve years old,their father,who ran a restaurant,was shot dead by a drunk customer.This incident changed their family life completely.Which of the following is true with regard to Eric,Scott,and Ann?
A)Their father's death is a nonshared experience for Eric,Scott,and Ann.
B)Their father's death was a shared experience only for Eric and Scott.
C)Their father's death was a shared experience for all three of them.
D)Their father's death was a nonshared extrafamilial experience Eric,Scott,and Ann.
Answer: C
Q2) One of the consequences of fertility treatments is a(n):
A)increase in birth weight of babies.
B)decrease in genetic disorders.
C)increase in postterm pregnancies.
D)increase in multiple births.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The endoderm,ectoderm,and mesoderm form during the _____ period.
A)fetal
B)zygotic
C)germinal
D)embryonic
Answer: D
Q2) Scenario: Laura contracted AIDS a few months before her pregnancy.What are the possible outcomes for her child with regard to the HIV infection?
Answer: Considering Larua was infected with HIV during her pregnancy,Laura's child can be:
-infected and symptomatic (show HIV symptoms), -infected but asymptomatic (not show HIV symptoms),or -not infected at all.
If Laura's child gets infected and is asymptomatic,he or she may still develop HIV symptoms until 15 months of age.
Q3) What are the risks a older father's advanced age poses to his unborn child?
Answer: An unborn child of an older father faces increased risk for Down syndrome and also other birth defects like dwarfism and Marfan syndrome,which involves head and limb deformities.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natural childbirth aims to reduce the mother's pain by:
A)reducing her fears and increasing her ability to relax.
B)encouraging women to opt for cesarean deliveries.
C)easing the birth process with the use of anesthetics.
D)increasing the duration of labor and childbirth process.
Q2) During the birth process,the baby's body secretes large quantities of _____ to help the baby withstand the stress of birth.
A)oxytocin and pitocin
B)vernix caseosa and Wharton's jelly
C)prostaglandins
D)adrenaline and noradrenaline
Q3) The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale is typically performed:
A)within the first five minutes after birth.
B)within 24 to 36 hours after birth.
C)between 1-3 years of age.
D)immediately after birth only for "at-risk" infants.
Q4) Describe a few in-built mechanisms a baby has to withstand the birth process.
Q5) Describe the longest stage of the birth process.
Q6) What is epidural block? What are some of the concerns associated with its usage?
Q7) Compare and contrast natural and prepared childbirth methods.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Q1) Infants of 0 to 2 years of age sleep an average of _____ hours a day.
A)7.9
B)9.4
C)11.6
D)12.8
Q2) Which of the following functions is lateralized to the left hemisphere of the cortex in most human brains?
A)Humor
B)Speech and grammar
C)Use of metaphors
D)Facial perception
Q3) The _____ region of the frontal lobe has the most prolonged development of any brain region,with changes detectable at least into emerging adulthood.
A)orbital
B)auditory
C)prefrontal
D)lateral
Q4) What are the developmental changes in posture during infancy?
Q5) What factors influence hearing in infants?
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Q1) A baby's schemes are structured by _____ that can be performed on objects,such as sucking,looking,and grasping.
A)complex behavior
B)diverse actions
C)mental strategies
D)simple actions
Q2) What is labeling?
Q3) On Dora's first birthday,one her aunts brought a set of lego basic bricks that she absolutely loves.Dora spends hours building,breaking,and rebuilding towers from the blocks and smiles widely whenever she discovers something new she can do with them.Dora's preoccupation with manipulating the building blocks in different ways reflects a function of the sensorimotor substage of _____.
A)secondary circular reactions
B)tertiary circular reactions,novelty,and curiosity
C)first habits and primary circular reactions
D)simple reflexes
Q4) What is joint attention? Give an example of how joint attention plays an important role in many aspects of infant development.
Q5) What is object permanence?
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Q1) According to Lewis' classification,_____ emotions involve a sense of "me." An example of such an emotion is pride.
A)non-social
B)primary
C)basic
D)self-conscious
Q2) When the cry of a baby is following a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry,followed by a briefer silence,then a shorter inspiratory whistle that is somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry,then another brief rest before the next cry,then it is called the _____ cry.
A)anger
B)colichy
C)pain
D)basic
Q3) The Strange Situation developed by Mary Ainsworth is an observational measure of
A)self-directed behavior
B)infant attachment
C)infant's response to cues
D)habituation
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Helen is a busy working mother and she often does not have the time to prepare lunches for her three young children.On most days she gives her children money so they can have lunch at a Taco Bell outlet close to their school.Mealtimes are extremely stressful for Helen because despite the trouble she takes to cook dinners,her children throw tantrums until she gives in to ordering food from KFC or Taco Bell for dinner.Which of the following is true with regard to Helen's situation?
A)Helen has been able to minimize their family's dependence on fast food meals.
B)Helen ensures that her children receive appropriate nutrition through a balanced diet.
C)Helen's children are likely to have high levels of fat and sugar consumption.
D)Helen's children are yet to develop their personal taste and appetite or food that she has as an adult.
Q2) Which of the following is a neuronal change which occurs in early childhood?
A)Decreased dopamine production
B)Increased myelination
C)Increased decay of healthy brain tissue
D)Decreased localization of executive functions
Q3) Why are some children unusually short?
Q4) Describe the pattern of physical growth in early childhood.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Jean Piaget claimed that during the preoperational stage children cannot:
A)use mental operations in their thought.
B)represent the world with drawings.
C)form stable concepts.
D)indulge in magical beliefs.
Q2) According to Craig and Sharon Ramey,what are the six caregiver activities that are necessary in the infant and early childhood years to ensure that children will be ready for elementary school?
Q3) Studies of _____ view the child as "a thinker who is trying to explain,predict,and understand people's thoughts,feelings,and utterances."
A)theory of sociocultural environment
B)theory of relative development
C)theory of mind
D)theory of cognitivity
Q4) Executive functioning involves:
A)changing the level of support.
B)focusing of mental resources on select information.
C)managing one's thoughts to engage in goal directed behavior and self-control.
D)focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents who are accepting and responsive but undemanding are referred to as _____ parents.
A)authoritatian
B)indulgent
C)neglectful
D)authoritative
Q2) Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Q3) Explain how families can influence young children's development.
Q4) According to Jean Piaget,children in the age group of _____ are in a transition,showing some features of heteronomous morality and some features of autonomous morality.
A)4 to 7 years
B)7 to 10 years
C)2 to 4 years
D)10 to 15 years
Q5) What are the negative effects of television on children?
Q6) Define self-understanding.In early childhood,how do children distinguish themselves from others?
Q8) Describe the authoritarian parenting style. Page 12
Q7) How does neglectful parenting affect children's behavior?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Q1) Educational approaches to help children with hearing impairments learn fall into two categories: oral and _____.
A)liberal
B)conservative
C)manual
D)situational
Q2) Critics argue that many physicians:
A)are too quick to prescribe stimulants for children with milder forms of ADHD.
B)categorize ADHD as a learning disability.
C)encourage school teams to diagnose ADHD.
D)consider that the symptoms of ADHD does not include hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Q3) _____ is a cancer in which bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells,which crowd out normal cells,making the child susceptible to bruising and infection
A)Lymphoma
B)Pheochromocytoma
C)Leukemia
D)Osteosarcoma
Q4) Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Q1) When teaching reading,the whole-language approach stresses that:
A)reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning.
B)phonetics is the most important component in learning to read a language.
C)children should be able to write a language before they are able to read it.
D)learning a foreign language helps students learn their own language.
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions?
A)Animism
B)Transitivity
C)Seriation
D)Egocentrism
Q3) List a few strategies for encouraging children's creative thinking.
Q4) Which of the following is a characteristic of concrete operational thought?
A)An inability to classify
B)Presence of animistic thought
C)Presence of egocentric thought
D)Reasoning limited to specific examples
Q5) Describe the whole-language and phonics approaches to teaching reading.
Page 15
Q6) What are the key changes that occur in children's vocabulary and grammar during middle and late childhood?
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Q1) Cybil is about to deliver a baby.Her husband,Bruce,is driving to the hospital at 80 miles per hour.Their son Will says,"Daddy,don't go that fast,you might get caught and sent to prison." From which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning is Will making this statement?
A)Autonomous moral reasoning
B)Postconventional moral reasoning
C)Preconventional moral reasoning
D)Conventional moral reasoning
Q2) According to William Damon,sharing in early elementary school years is characterized by _____.
A)the objective standard of fairness
B)the motivation to obey adult authority figures
C)the sense of obligation
D)the sense of imitation
Q3) Define self-concept and self-esteem.Describe a situation that illustrates the difference between the two concepts.
Q4) What are Gilligan's criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Q5) Distinguish between social conventional reasoning and moral reasoning.
Q6) Describe the six functions of children's friendships.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Describe the "storm-and-stress" view of adolescence.Has is it been validated in research on adolescents?
Q2) In the United states,the average age of menarche:
A)has increased rapidly over the last century.
B)has declined significantly since the mid-nineteenth century.
C)is likely to decrease substantially in the coming decades.
D)has remained unchanged over the last century expect for a slight increase in the incidence of precocious puberty.
Q3) Which of the following is a contextual factor related to sexual risk taking behaviour?
A)Attention problems
B)Weak self regulation
C)Lower SES
D)High risk proneness
Q4) The cognitive changes associated with adolescence involve:
A)increased concrete thinking.
B)decreased logical and rational thinking.
C)increased egocentric and idealistic thinking.
D)decreased abstract thinking and decision-making.
Q5) Explain the role of parents and peers in preventing adolescent drug abuse.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
A)Andrew draws his family tree and is able to understand that his mother is also a daughter,a sister,and a wife at the same time.
B)Paula solves an algebraic problem by making plans to solve the problem and systematically testing each solution.
C)Ann resolves a fight with her friend by offering a compromise,an approach that had always worked in the past.
D)Viola learns how to play the piano by observing her mother closely while she plays the instrument,and then practising by herself.
Q2) _____ refers to adolescent's sense of invincibility that may also lead them to believe that they themselves are invulnerable to dangers and catastrophes that happen to other people.
A)Personal fable
B)Social comparison
C)Imaginary audience
D)Perspective thinking
Q3) What is service learning and when is it most effective?
Q4) What is an integrative approach to moral education?
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Page 19
Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) What is identity? Describe its various aspects.
Q2) Which of the following groups of adolescents is least likely to report that they have attempted suicide?
A)Native American/Alaska Native females
B)African American males
C)Latino females
D)Asian American males
Q3) Whether the person is conservative,liberal,or middle-of-the-road defines the person's _____ identity.
A)intellectual
B)vocational
C)political
D)ethnic
Q4) Conformity to peers-especially to their antisocial standards-peaks around the:
A)first and second grades.
B)fifth and sixth grades.
C)eighth and ninth grades.
D)eleventh and twelfth grades.
Q5) Describe the effect of peer pressure on adolescents.
Q6) List at least four causes of juvenile delinquency.
Page 20
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