Lifespan Development Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout an individuals life, from conception to old age. The course examines key developmental theories and research, while highlighting how factors such as genetics, culture, family, and environment influence growth and behavior at each stage. By analyzing typical and atypical development, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the transitions and challenges individuals face across the lifespan, equipping them with knowledge applicable to various disciplines such as psychology, education, and healthcare.
Recommended Textbook
The Process of Parenting 9th Edition by Jane
B. Brooks
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17 Chapters
1001 Verified Questions
1001 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Parenting Is a Process
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Rochester Longitudinal Study found no one single social change that could be made to eliminate environmental risks for children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Based on the results of The Rochester Longitudinal Study,a counselor wants to develop protective behaviors that lead to positive child outcomes.She encourages mothers to do all of the following EXCEPT
A) voice fewer dissatisfactions to the child.
B) give the child a critical analysis of their behavior.
C) get positive support from friends.
D) encourage children to think independently.
Answer: B
Q3) Young men and women of outstanding achievement are identified as having special abilities early in life and get outstanding teaching so parents have a minimal role in children's achievements.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cultural Influences on Parenting
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Follow-up studies of children in the High Scope Perry project,an intensive two-year preschool program showed benefits in
A) greater school achievement.
B) greater employment and economic success.
C) greater social control in behavior.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) In her study of ethnic and social status differences in family life,Annette Lareau used the term concerted cultivation to refer to parents' actions
A) to let children take all the time they need to grow.
B) of letting children hang out in activities with relatives and friends.
C) to actively stimulate and foster children's talents and opinions.
D) A and B
Answer: C
Q3) Native Canadian communities that _______________ had a lower rate of suicides than Native Canadian communities that did not.
Answer: preserved a sense of cultural continuity between their past,present,and future
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4
Chapter 3: Learning to Parent
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements about temperament are true EXCEPT
A) it is constitutionally based.
B) it can not be changed.
C) it refers to the child's reactivity and regulations of reactions.
D) it refers to behavior in the domains of affect, activity, and attention.
Answer: B
Q2) Vygotsky emphasizes ___________________________________.
Answer: the social and cultural nature of knowledge and learning.
Q3) There has been little continuity in parenting practices across centuries because living conditions have changed so much.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) __________ neurons in several areas of the brain serve many functions including helping us to understand other people.
Answer: Mirror
Q5) According to Piaget,infants in the first two years of life are in the __________ of development.
Answer: sensorimotor period
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Chapter 4: Becoming Parents
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59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women of __________ ethnic background are more likely to be voluntarily childless and women of _________________ ethnic background are less likely to be voluntarily childless.
Q2) Full term infants who received KC for one hour with mothers after birth were found to do all of the following for the next few hours EXCEPT A) have fewer organized motor movements. B) sleep better.
C) cry less.
D) show greater regulation.
Q3) All of the following are qualities of an optimal parenting environment EXCEPT A) feelings of self-esteem.
B) feelings of distance.
C) capacity for mutual relationships. D) flexible problem-solving skills.
Q4) Based on her interviews and review of research,Annie Murphy Paul made several recommendations for protecting the health and well-being of developing baby,mother and father.Briefly describe five of her recommendations and state why they are important.
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6
Chapter 5: Nurturing Close Family Relationships in a Technological Society
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spending time alone with children is parents' most frequent activity when at home.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare the skills that the program to improve siblings' relationships taught with the skills the constructive marital problem-solving program taught and include at least three characteristics of each program and show how they are similar or different.
Q3) Working with mothers in an outpatient program for heroin-addicted mothers,therapists focused on mothers' emotional reactions to their children and their A)anger about the past.
B)underlying beliefs about children.
C)depression and its course.
D)A and C.
Q4) The first step in John Gottman's emotional coaching program is __________ ___.
Q5) Studies show that __________ feelings are most frequently passed around in the family.
Q6) Give four protective factors for children of depressed parents __________.
Q7) Following the 2008 Recession,teens report __________ worries than their parents.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Supporting Childrens Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe three characteristics of parents who use spanking as a punishment,three characteristics of children who receive it,and three major reasons parents use physical punishment.
Q2) Time-out is best used for aggressive,dangerous,or destructive behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parents' rules for media use of children eight to eighteen
A) are few but strictly enforced.
B) are few and not often enforced.
C) are many because of parents' concerns about media.
D) A and C
Q4) When asked whether they have ever spanked a child,the highest percent of parents who say they have spanked is.
A) 45
B) 56
C) 74
D) 94
Q5) The most positive reward for children is __________.
Q6) Parents' beliefs about __________ shape parents' expectations,rules,and consequences.
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Chapter 7: Parenting Children From Birth to Two Years
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mothers do well with their premature infants when they adopt a(an)________________ view of their child's future outcome.
A) realistic
B) optimistic
C) wait-and-see
D) all of the above
Q2) Empirical study of infants crying and sleeping behaviors
A) gives parents information for making choices in care-giving behaviors.
B) reveals Western forms of parenting have no advantages over attachment parenting.
C) suggests attachment parenting requires more time but reduces infants' crying and promotes their sleeping.
D) suggests attachment parenting has no advantages over Western parenting.
Q3) Describe six ways in which parenting programs have been found to help expectant and new parents.
Q4) __________ was the main factor in decreasing parents' cooperative alliance in the first year of life..
Q5) Describe four qualities of parents that help to maintain a secure attachment with toddlers.
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Chapter 8: Parenting Children in Early Childhood
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mother worries that she and her husband were so stressed with money problems after the birth of their daughter,now a preschooler,that her daughter will not have a secure attachment to her.You tell her
A) the quality of the bonding at birth determines ongoing attachment.
B) the quality of attachment in the first year determines ongoing attachment, and her daughter will have a less secure attachment in the preschool years.
C) the quality of the current relationship of the mother and child determines the attachment.
D) A and C
Q2) Social support and __________________ help mothers of children with disabilities reduce maternal stress.
Q3) Children begin to identify themselves as members of an ethnic group and initially use __________ as a marker of ethnic identity.
Q4) North American culture has a positive view of children's inhibited and cautious behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When children are distressed and cry,parents' usual response is to __________.
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Chapter 9: Parenting Early Elementary School Children
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Well-liked children are
A) gregarious, happy, and immature.
B) outgoing, happy, and aggressive.
C) quiet, unassuming, and accommodating.
D) friendly, cooperative, and supportive of others.
Q2) Describe and illustrate the five steps in Richard Lavoie's social skills autopsy designed to increase children's social competence.
Q3) Children whose attachments with their mother changed from insecure in the preschool years to secure in the school years were those whose mothers developed more open and supportive communication with them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Boys often describe stress as coming from __________.
Q5) Parents of children who may experience prejudice help children maintain high self-esteem when they
A) acknowledge barriers and social restrictions.
B) encourage expression of anger and separation.
C) encourage self-development and ethnic pride.
D) A and C
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Chapter 10: Parenting Early Adolescents
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) William Damon's Youth Charter program is a way for parents to
A) organize the community to support parents' goals.
B) allow youth to determine rules.
C) connect their children to community activities.
D) A and C
Q2) Reed Larson believes that voluntary school activities are beneficial for students because students
A) gain time away from stressed environment of schools.
B) learn the behavior of active agents who accomplish goals.
C) learn from copying the behaviors of the adult leaders.
D) A and C
Q3) Describe the three characteristics of effective parents of early adolescents found in countries around the world and give at least one benefit of each characteristic.
Q4) __________ is the ability Reed Larson believes early teens need to develop,so they are motivated from within to work and achieve challenging goals.
Q5) Early adolescents' premature commitment to values without exploration is termed
Q6) Latino/Latina youth are more likely to explore their __________.
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Chapter 11: Parenting Late Adolescents and Young Adults
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In families termed Fast Starters and Parents without Careers,both partners reported lower levels of illegal activities and higher rates of __________.
Q2) Describe and illustrate five actions parents can take to help teens develop a sense of purpose.
Q3) The study following children on their paths to adulthood,revealed that lack of money was not a barrier to education as good students who were poor still managed to get to college.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Authoritative parenting was related to teens' self confidence,good mood,and competence regardless of
A) ethnic background.
B) gender.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) all of these
Q5) __________ appears to motivate securely attached family members to overcome differences and restore harmony.
Q6) About 45 percent of teen boys with aggressive problems also had symptoms of
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Chapter 12: Working and Parenting
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rising levels of children's stress hormone are more likely in family day care when caregivers are __________.
Q2) Workplace Triple P program includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) reducing parental stress.
B) managing children's behavior problems.
C) challenging negative thoughts.
D) negotiating workplace conflicts.
Q3) Employers' worries that paid maternal leave at the time of the child's birth will create unemployment and decrease American competitiveness are found to be justified by international data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Workplace Triple P program targets two broad areas: _________ and ________________.
Q5) Almost ______ percent of parents feel a moderate or large amount of stress at work.
Q6) Two structural measures of day care are __________ and _______________.
Q7) Two stressful demands/strains at work that have negative impacts on parents' family life are __________ and ______________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Parents by Adoption and Parents by Reproductive Technology
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young adults who were not interested in searching for their biological parents
A) had negative feelings about both biological and adoptive parents.
B) felt they were similar to adoptive parents psychologically and intellectually.
C) had less contact with adoptive parents.
D) had few friends.
Q2) In adoptive families without birth children,a brief intervention to increase adoptive parents' sensitivity and responsiveness resulted in
A) no changes in parents' behavior.
B) increases in parents' secure attachments with babies.
C) changes in parents' behavior but no changes in secure attachments.
D) decreases in parents' sensitivity.
Q3) In most studies of adoptive children,boys are more interested in searching for birth parents than girls.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The children of parents who relied on Assisted Reproductive Technology were as _____________________ competent as children of parents who conceived their children without using such assistance.
15
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Chapter 14: Parenting When Unmarried
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements describe the average unmarried mother EXCEPT
A) is in her late twenties or early thirties.
B) is having her first child.
C) is having her second or third child.
D) has her first child as a teen.
Q2) The personal characteristics of adolescent mothers that predict having a baby as a teenager include all of the following EXCEPT
A) being aggressive.
B) being outgoing.
C) being aggressive and withdrawn.
D) being noncompliant.
Q3) Unmarried fathers who stay involved in their children's lives make constructive changes in their own lives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Single fathers are more likely to establish paternity when
A) benefits to the child are emphasized.
B) legal consequences are emphasized.
C) the decision is an independent one.
D) A and C
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Parenting in Divorced Families and Remarried Families
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ that occurs in divorces is a major predictor of children's later problems.
Q2) Although some children in remarried families have problems,the majority are doing well.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stepfamilies that got through all the stressful periods and forged a satisfying family,identified __________ as the basic quality that enabled them to succeed.
Q4) Teens living with fathers and stepmothers and still seeing nonresidential mothers had more positive moods,less aggressive behaviors,and less substance abuse when they had close with relationships with __________.
Q5) Research suggests that stepparents are accepted in families in which remarriages occur when children are
A) very young.
B) adolescents.
C) preadolescents.
D) openly rebellious.
Q6) Describe four characteristics of young adults who grew up in remarried families.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Parenting in Lesbian and Gay Families
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to gender identity of children of gay/lesbian couples
A) there is no evidence of increased gay/lesbian gender identity among children.
B) children are found to have more sex-stereotyped interests.
C) children are found to have less sex-stereotyped interests.
D) A and C
Q2) Like heterosexual couples,lesbian and gay parents reported a __________ in feelings of closeness following the birth of a baby.
Q3) American children of lesbian mothers report the same amount of teasing and rejection as children in The Netherlands where same-sex marriage is legal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An example of a gay or lesbian parent's indirect way of telling a child about his/her sexual orientation is ___________________.
Q5) Many young adults of gay/lesbian families felt that secrecy about their parents' sexual orientation was a realistic necessity,and so they did not feel burdened by keeping secrets.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Parenting in Challenging Times
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe four features of Trauma-Focused - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Q2) Many military families have psychological support when A) they live far from military bases.
B) they live on military bases.
C) families remain with their families of origins.
D) A and C
Q3) Many chronic illnesses place restrictions on children and teens that arouse feelings of __________.
Q4) The four stages of the deployment cycle are: __________
Q5) Children are very aware of their bodies and from an early age have a clear sense of how they work.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Physical abuse itself makes no significant contribution to children's problem behaviors beyond those related to poverty
A)True B)False
Q7) Elevated levels of the hormone __________ is a measure of the fear children experience when maltreated.
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