Course Introduction
Lifespan Development Final Exam
Questions
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from conception to old age. The course examines theories and research findings that explain developmental processes across the major stages of life, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Students will engage with key topics such as language acquisition, identity formation, moral development, family and peer relationships, and the impact of culture and environment. This course provides a comprehensive understanding of how individuals grow and change throughout their lives, preparing students to apply developmental principles in various personal, academic, and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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1915 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bonds to caring adults outside the family,connections to positive organizations,and attending effective schools are all associated with A)resilience.
B)declines in cognitive functioning.
C)social policy.
D)cultural differences.
Answer: A
Q2) The work of Ivan Pavlov and ________ provided the foundations of behaviorism,which essentially holds that we can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured.
A)James Mark Baldwin
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Jean Piaget
D)John B.Watson
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary risk (though small)with chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?
A)behavioral problems
B)brain damage
C)heart abnormality
D)limb deformity
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the inability of individuals to properly metabolize a particular amino acid?
A)phenylketonuria
B)sickle-cell anemia
C)Turner syndrome
D)fragile X syndrome
Answer: A
Q3) Discuss the potential positives of a couple seeking genetic counseling.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. Genetic counselors can meet with prospective parents who know of histories of genetic disorders in their families and know they may be carriers for the disorder.The counselor can both help them understand the risks and what to do in terms of care if the disorder were to appear in a new child.
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ has been linked with high infant mortality,developmental and behavioral problems,and low birth weight.
A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Cocaine
Answer: C
Q2) Rachel lost her job,found out that her husband is cheating on her,and lost her only brother to an automobile accident during the first seven months of her first pregnancy.What are the possible consequences of these events on her child?
Answer: Rachel likely is experiencing severe stress,anxiety,and depression.This can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.Her child may also develop emotional or cognitive problems,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and language delay.
Q3) What are the possible consequences of a father's cocaine abuse on the outcomes of a pregnancy?
Answer: Long-term use of cocaine by men may cause low sperm count,low motility,and a higher number of abnormally formed sperm,leading to infertility.
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Questions
Q1) Abby's husband and doula are holding Abby's hands and constantly encouraging her to bear down a little harder.Abby's husband has just told her that he can already see the face of their baby and with just a little more effort,the birth process would be complete.Abby is in the ________ stage of birth.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)final
Q2) The Apgar Scale involves newborns receiving a score of 0,1,or 2 on five health signs,with a score of at least ________ required to assume that the newborn's condition is good.
A)5
B)3
C)7
D)10
Q3) Describe the longest stage of the birth process.
Q4) What are the similarities and differences between general anesthesia and an epidural block?
Q5) What are the drugs that are commonly used for labor?
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Q1) Which of the following is a syndrome that affects a large number of babies in the United States,causes severe brain damage,and includes symptoms such as brain swelling and hemorrhaging?
A)Tay-Sachs syndrome
B)shaken baby syndrome
C)Shy Drager syndrome
D)Down syndrome
Q2) Which of the following functions is lateralized to the left hemisphere of the cortex in most human brains?
A)humor
B)speech and grammar
C)use of metaphors
D)facial perception
Q3) What are the changes seen in the grasping reflex when the infant develops fine motor skills?
Q4) The first dose of vaccination for influenza is given to infants at the age of A)1 year.
B)6 months.
C)4 months.
D)2 months.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would come under the domain of implicit memory?
A)ability to drive a car
B)ability to recite a poem
C)ability to name the president
D)ability to recall complex formulas
Q2) Which of the following is a critique of the core knowledge approach according to Mark Johnson?
A)Infants come into the world with knowledge systems for space,number sense,object permanence,and language.
B)Infants come into the world with soft biases to perceive and attend to different aspects of the environment,and to learn about the world in particular ways.
C)Infants have an innate sense of the world when they are born that is independent of environmental experiences.
D)The core domains provide a foundation from which infants manifest their genetically hardwired manner of understanding the world and develop more mature cognitive functioning and learning.
Q3) How is Gesell's measurement of infant development used? Name the four categories of behavior in the current version of the Gesell test.
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some criticisms of attachment theory?
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope?
A)separation protest
B)goodness of fit
C)stranger anxiety
D)effortful control
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to individual differences in behavioral styles,emotions,and characteristic ways of responding?
A)stranger anxiety
B)temperament
C)separation protest
D)social referencing
Q4) The current family leave policy in the United States allows up to ________ weeks of unpaid leave to care for a newborn.
A)6
B)12
C)15
D)18
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is associated with a high consumption of saturated and trans fat?
A)increase in cholesterol level
B)strengthening of the cardiac muscles
C)increased blood platelet count
D)decreased BMI counts
Q2) Describe the pattern of physical growth in early childhood.
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to growth hormone deficiency?
A)Growth hormone deficiency typically occurs in the pubertal years and later.
B)Growth hormone deficiency results from a pineal gland dysfunction.
C)Growth hormone deficiency,like XYY syndrome,results in very high stature.
D)Growth hormone deficiency can be treated by daily or weekly hormone therapy.
Q4) Jim is 55 months old.Which of the following fine motor skills is he MOST likely to develop?
A)copying two short words
B)stringing shoelaces
C)cutting interior pieces from paper
D)tracing by hand
Q5) What is the significance of a developmentally appropriate movement curriculum?
Page 10
Q6) How can caregivers positively influence the eating behavior of young children?
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of the understanding of false beliefs develops in a majority of children by age ________.
A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9
Q2) ________ is an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex.
A)Animism
B)Primal development
C)Egocentrism
D)Executive function
Q3) The symbolic function substage of preoperational thought occurs roughly between the ages of
A)9 months and 2 years.
B)2 years and 4 years.
C)5 years and 6 years.
D)6 years and 7 years.
Q4) According to Vygotsky,what is the significance of private speech?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physical abuse,a type of child maltreatment,
A)includes acts or omissions by parents or other caregivers that have caused,or could cause,serious behavioral,cognitive,or emotional problems.
B)includes fondling a child's genitals,intercourse,incest,rape,sodomy,exhibitionism,and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials.
C)is characterized by the infliction of physical injury as a result of punching,beating,kicking,biting,burning,shaking,or otherwise physically harming a child.
D)is characterized by failure to provide for the child's basic needs.
Q2) When Selena's mother asked her why she was upset,she said it was because her best friend's dog died.The emotion being expressed by Selena is called A)guilt.
B)empathy.
C)apathy.
D)shame.
Q3) What are the functions of a child's peer group?
Q4) What are sensorimotor play and practice play?
Q5) How do parents influence gender development in children?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does heredity affect children's weight?
Q2) Obese Chinese children are at a greater risk for ________ than children who are not overweight.
A)high blood pressure
B)asthma
C)cancer
D)cerebral palsy
Q3) Which of the following is FALSE concerning parenting and overweight children?
A)Parents play an important role in preventing children from becoming overweight.
B)Children who eat meals with their family tend to be overweight.
C)Parents who restrict sugar-sweetened beverages are helping children monitor their weight.
D)Parents who restrict screen time are helping children monitor their weight.
Q4) Dora is a 6-year-old girl.Which of the following motor skills is she expected to have?
A)throwing a ball 25 feet
B)finger printing using a pencil
C)tying shoes and fastening clothes
D)Judging and intercepting pathways of small balls thrown from a distance
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) Describe the whole-language and phonics approaches to teaching reading.
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to knowledge about language,such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language?
A)whole-language awareness
B)superlinguistic awareness
C)metalinguistic awareness
D)critical language awareness
Q3) Compare and contrast short-term memory and long-term memory.
Q4) Describe,in general terms,Jean Piaget's concrete operational stage.Then list and define the key characteristics of this stage.
Q5) Children with above-average intelligence-an IQ of 130 or higher-and/or a superior talent for something are called A)genius.
B)creative.
C)mastery oriented.
D)gifted.
Q6) Critique Piaget's concrete operational stage.
Q7) Briefly describe metacognition.
Q8) Compare and contrast critical thinking and creative thinking. Page 14
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a moral personality? Describe the components of a moral personality.
Q2) Hillary's mother likes to let her daughter experience new things and gain new skills.As Hillary finds the process of baking very exciting,her mother recently allowed her to beat the eggs and measure out the flour required for the cake she was making.Though Hillary's mother could have done these tasks in a quicker and more efficient manner on her own,she chose to let Hillary take charge even if it meant more time,effort,and patience would be required on her part.Which of the following is TRUE with regard to this situation?
A)Hillary is likely to mistrust her mother's judgment.
B)Hillary is likely to gain a sense of industry as a result of her mother's effort.
C)Hillary is likely to gain a sense of inferiority even if her mother does not reprimand her for making a mess while baking with her.
D)Hillary's mother is likely to have a low need for generativity.
Q3) Which of the following is a feature of social conventional reasoning?
A)emphasis on ethical standards
B)focus on rules of morality
C)conventional rules of an arbitrary nature
D)incorporation of the concept of justice
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do the sex glands work?
Q2) According to your text,sexual identities emerge in the context of physical,social,and ________ factors.
A)cultural
B)intellectual
C)unknown
D)informational
Q3) Which of the following was discovered by a national study of U.S.adolescents to be one of the primary reasons adolescents engage in exercise?
A)to avoid cardiovascular problems in adulthood
B)to reduce high blood pressure
C)to present a more positive body image
D)to show inactive parents that exercise is beneficial
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a typical component of sexuality during adolescence?
A)sexual exploration and experimentation
B)curiosity about sexuality
C)sexual fantasies and reality
D)disinterest in the future of their sex lives
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following abilities appears during Piaget's formal operational stage?
A)the ability to reason logically about specific or concrete examples
B)the ability to classify things into different sets or subsets
C)the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
D)the ability to create a hypothesis and deduce its implications
Q2) Describe the factors that make it more likely a student will cheat.
Q3) What changes often occur in an adolescent's religious development?
Q4) Which of the following is among the positives of the transition to middle school for many students?
A)smaller classrooms
B)more impersonal school structure
C)increased independence from parents
D)improved body image
Q5) Which of the following is a situational factor that increases the likelihood of cheating among adolescents?
A)A student perceives his or her teacher to be fair and competent.
B)A student knows his or her peers are not cheating.
C)A peer is caught and punished for cheating.
D)Student scores are made public.
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most researchers now use the term ________ in place of James Marcia's term "crisis."
A)exploration
B)confusion
C)turbulence
D)inquisition
Q2) "Hey,what can I say-my college major is undeclared.I just don't know what I want to do yet and I don't particularly want to explore it right now.I'm not going to pressure myself into making a decision when what I really want to do is have fun." What is the identity status of this college student,according to James Marcia?
A)Identity achievement
B)Identity inquisition
C)Identity diffusion
D)Identity foreclosure
Q3) For many gay and lesbian youth,dating other-sex peers is
A)prohibited and may cause them intense shame.
B)more common for males than for females.
C)a way to explore and clarify their sexual orientation.
D)discouraged by both same-sex and other-sex peers.
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