Lifespan Development
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the patterns of growth, change, and stability in human behavior from conception through old age. Focusing on physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development, the course examines key theories, research findings, and real-world applications in developmental psychology. Students will analyze how genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences interact to shape development across the major life stages, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. The course also highlights contemporary issues such as diversity, developmental challenges, and the impact of societal factors on lifelong development.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Active Learning Approach 3rd Edition by Laura E. Levine
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15 Chapters
1303 Verified Questions
1303 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction: Issues and Themes in Child Development
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The quality of the caregiving that you received while growing up is an example of __________ and your potential ability to learn how to use language is an example of
A) nature; nature
B) nurture; nurture
C) nature; nurture
D) nurture; nature
Answer: D
Q2) Child therapy and family therapy are two ways to try to
A) prevent problems from developing.
B) address existing problems.
C) develop social policies that support children and families.
D) identify problems before they become serious.
Answer: B
Q3) Stage theories describe
A) qualitative changes.
B) long-term changes.
C) significant changes.
D) physiological changes.
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The connectionist or neural network model of memory is based on the idea that neurons in the brain operate through multiple simultaneous connections with other neurons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When information comes in through our senses, according to the stores model of memory it is held for a very brief period of time in raw form in
A) working memory.
B) encoding memory.
C) short-term memory.
D) sensory memory.
Answer: D
Q3) As children grow, they become taller and heavier. This is a(n)
A) quantitative change in development.
B) qualitative change in development.
C) accumulative change in development.
D) transactive change in development.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: How We Study Development
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77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we use our observations to make a detailed record of everything that occurs in a stream of behavior, we can
A) carefully control and manipulate the variables we are interested in.
B) infer the causes of the behaviors that we are observing.
C) generalize our results to other children in similar circumstances.
D) use it to generate new hypotheses for future research.
Answer: D
Q2) Research that has the primary goal of satisfying our curiosity and increasing our understanding of the world we live in is called:
A) fundamental research.
B) basic research.
C) scientific research.
D) primary research.
Answer: B
Q3) In a negative correlation, as the value of one variable goes down, so does the value of the second variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: How Children Develop: Nature Through Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a fertilized egg begins to divide and multiple, and early in the process the ball of cells splits into two, the woman will have
A) dizygotic twins.
B) twins with missing arms or legs.
C) twins with Down syndrome.
D) monozygotic twins.
Q2) Genes are active when they become a driving force for children to seek out experiences that fit their genetic endowments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________________ twins are formed when a mother's ovary releases two eggs during a menstrual cycle, and each is fertilized by a different sperm.
A) Identical
B) Monozygotic
C) Fraternal
D) Indeterminate
Q4) Describe and differentiate molecular genetics, behavioral genetics and behavioral genomics.
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Chapter 5: Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the
Transition to Parenthood
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83 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements accurately describes why a mother and her child can have different blood types?
A) The two blood systems of the placenta remain separate throughout the pregnancy.
B) The fetal arteries connect to the mothers circulation system, but the maternal hormones prevent cross-contamination of blood.
C) The placenta's only function is to bring oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, with no return transfer to the mother.
D) The placenta's only function is to transfer fetal waste away from the fetus to the mother, with involvement of the fetus' blood supply.
Q2) Today the survival rate for premature infants weighing less than 1500 grams is A) approximately 90%.
B) less than 50%.
C) decreasing, rather than increasing.
D) the same as it was two decades ago.
Q3) What are the three layers that form from the blastocyst and what does each layer become?
Q4) What are the most common reasons for miscarriage?
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Chapter 6: Physical Development: the Brain and the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) What area of the brain processes and stores memory?
A) Amygdala
B) Brain stem
C) Parietal lobe
D) Hippocampus
Q2) In terms of the timing of puberty
A) early maturation is a disadvantage for boys.
B) being a late maturing boy has advantages.
C) early maturation has a number of advantages for boys.
D) being early or late has very little impact on boys.
Q3) When specific neurons are given extra stimulation through repeated motor practice (for example, by practicing piano for long hours on end)
A) there is greater myelination of those neurons.
B) the dendrites of those neurons grow longer.
C) the corpus callosum begins to break down.
D) the parietal lobe grows more rapidly than the rest of the brain.
Q4) What is 'food insecurity' and what impact does it have on the children who experience it?
Q5) What are the potential causes for schizophrenia?
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Development
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following techniques have critics of Piaget's idea that object permanence needs time to develop used to support their case that infants are born with "persistence"?
A) They have measured the amount of time that infants spend looking at an event that violates an expectation of object permanence.
B) They have looked to see if an infant will search for an object that is hidden under a piece of cloth.
C) They have measured the age at which infants first show signs of separation anxiety. D) They have looked at whether infants appear to have strategies for searching for lost objects.
Q2) The coordination of attention and memory and the control of behavioral responses for the purpose of attaining a goal are handled by the
A) experience-expectant parts of the brain.
B) experience-dependent parts of the brain.
C) executive function of the brain.
D) parietal lobe.
Q3) Name and describe Piaget's four stages of development.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Academic Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference between ability grouping and cooperative learning is that
A) ability grouping divides a class into a number of small groups, while cooperative learning keeps the entire class together as one group.
B) when using ability grouping, one teacher works with the different groups, while in cooperative learning, different teachers work with the different groups.
C) in an ability group, all students are performing at the same level, while in cooperative learning, the students are at different ability levels.
D) in ability grouping, everyone in the group gets the same grade, but in cooperative learning, each student earns his or her own grade.
Q2) When we hold initials beliefs or expectations, these beliefs may lead you to behave in a way that makes it more likely that you will find exactly what you were expecting to see. This process is called
A) social promotion.
B) enriched expectations.
C) distorted perceptions.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Q3) Discuss the pros and cons of ability grouping in schools.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is metalinguistic ability? How does the development of metalinguistic abilities change the way that children can use language?
Q2) Piaget describes children's inability to take the role of the person they are speaking to as
A) internal speech.
B) fast mapping.
C) private speech.
D) egocentric speech.
Q3) In cognitive processing theory, the likelihood that certain sounds will follow each other is known as the A) phonemic likelihood.
B) statistical determinism.
C) transitional probability.
D) universal grammatical structure.
Q4) Metalinguistic knowledge allows children to A) increase the size of their vocabularies.
B) improve their phonological skills.
C) think about language and how to use it.
D) improve their receptive language skills.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development and Attachment
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100 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research conducted on the internal working models of adults in their romantic relationships has found that
A) the percent of adults with different types of attachment styles was similar to the percent of infants in those same categories.
B) many more adults than infants were classified as securely attached.
C) many more infants than adults were classified as anxious ambivalent/resistant.
D) compared to infants, very few adults were classified as securely attached.
Q2) Looking at how others are reacting when we are uncertain about how we should react is a process called A) social referencing.
B) sympathy.
C) empathic feelings.
D) emotional intelligence.
Q3) Sabine has been going to a childcare center since she was three-months-old. At just about her first birthday she begins to cry when her mother leaves, even though she has not done so in the past nine months. How would Bowlby explain this change?
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Chapter 11: Identity: the Self, Gender, and Moral Development
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89 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler has proposed that an infant's first understanding of the self is based upon
A) feelings of being loved and cared for.
B) the ability to use pronouns correctly.
C) a growing ability to make things happen.
D) the ability to take the perspective of another person.
Q2) According to Erikson, the developmental crisis of adolescence is the crisis of A) identity versus role confusion.
B) intimacy versus isolation.
C) initiative versus guilt.
D) foreclosure versus diffusion.
Q3) Identical male twins are more likely to be similar in sexual preference than non-identical male twins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Kohlberg found that even children as young as two years of age believed that gender could not change over time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What role does social comparison play in self-concept in middle childhood?
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Chapter 12: Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) A preference to play with objects rather than with people has not been clearly linked to any long-term problems for children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The controversial theory put forth by Judith Harris in her book The Nurture Assumption says that
A) all peer influence is toward antisocial behavior and there are no positive developmental outcomes that result from adolescent friendships.
B) peers have no impact on adolescent socialization and everything important that happens is the result of what happens in the family.
C) being the victim of a bully is actually beneficial to children and adolescents because it builds resilience.
D) the effect of parents on children's development has been significantly overestimated and the primary force in socialization is the influence of peers.
Q3) Children who have a hostile attribution bias tend to be more aggressive.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diana Baumrind's description of parenting styles is based upon two dimensions. These dimensions are
A) affection and discipline.
B) sensitivity/responsiveness and avoidance/rejection
C) acceptance/responsiveness and demandingess/control.
D) openness and sensitivity.
Q2) Maternal employment during adolescence
A) is associated with higher rates of smoking, drinking and using illegal substances. B) has little association with drinking, smoking, being sexually active, or being involved in delinquency.
C) is associated with lower self-esteem and more problematic peer relationships. D) means that the adolescent often spends time home alone, which they find frightening.
Q3) About _____ of children in the United States have at least one sibling.
A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 60%
D) 80%
Q4) Explain how families have changed in the United States in the last 100 years.
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Chapter 14: Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and
the Natural World
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89 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of different ways in which an individual defines herself is her A) self-knowledge.
B) self-concept.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-complexity.
Q2) President Obama's initiative named "America's Great Outdoors Initiative" was designed to accomplish all of the following goals for America's youth except to
A) empower and enable youth to work and volunteer in the outdoors.
B) make the outdoors inviting, exciting, and fun for today's young people.
C) involve youth in programs intended to help endangered species of animals native to the U.S.
D) ensure that all young people have access to outdoor places that are safe, clean, and close to home.
Q3) Educational television appears to have
A) a positive effect on learning for children older than age 2.
B) a positive effect that is similar to the effect of entertainment television for children older than 4.
C) a negative effect on cognitive development in children under the age of 7.
D) a negative effect on pre-academic skills of preschool children.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Health, Well-Being, and Resilience
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to bounce back from adversity and to thrive despite negative life experiences is known as
A) posttraumatic stress recovery.
B) resiliency.
C) flexibility.
D) recovery strength.
Q2) _______________ are experts in child development who promote optimal development in children by providing information, support, and guidance to children and families who are dealing with serious health problems.
A) Pediatric psychologists
B) Medical social workers
C) Child life specialists
D) Neurobehavioral specialists
Q3) _____________________ is a condition where the individual has difficulty with appropriate use of both verbal and nonverbal communication.
A) Tourette's disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Reactive attachment disorder
D) Pragmatic communication disorder
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Page 17