Lifespan Development
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of individuals from conception through old age. The course examines fundamental theories and research findings that explain the processes and stages of development across childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late life. Students will analyze the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in shaping human development, and consider how these influences affect aspects such as identity, relationships, and wellbeing throughout the lifespan. The course also discusses current issues and applications related to developmental changes at each life stage.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Cultural Approach 2nd Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carlos cannot wait to go get home and eat his candy bar,so he eats it in the backseat of the car.He does not care that his mother clearly told him not to eat in her car.According to Freud,what part of his mind is operating here?
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)unconscious mind
Answer: A
Q2) A ____ is the researcher's idea about one possible answer to the question of interest.
A)paradigm
B)theory
C)hypothesis
D)world view
Answer: C
Q3) Describe a research question an evolutionary psychologist might investigate. Answer: Varies.An evolutionary psychologist might explore the evolutionary basis of why men rate attractiveness as more important in mate selection and women rate earning potential higher.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,what have researchers concluded about the nature-nurture debate in terms of development?
A)Genetics is more important.
B)Environment is more important.
C)Both are important.
D)Genetics is more important in infancy and environment in childhood.
Answer: C
Q2) Fred was born into a family with high musical talent.Both of his parents were professional musicians who encouraged and fostered his musical development.Throughout childhood,he practiced the guitar whenever he could and eventually became a professional musician himself.Which of the following best describes Fred's genotype?
A)Fred's musical genes
B)Fred's musical talent
C)Fred's nurturing parents
D)Fred's musical genes and musical talent
Answer: A
Q3) What are two consequences of a folic acid deficiency?
Answer: Anencephaly: part of the brain is missing or deformed.Spina bifida: the spine is deformed and does not close.
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the 15th century,who became suspected of witchcraft,resulting in many being put to death?
A)nurses
B)pregnant women
C)fertility specialists
D)midwives
Answer: D
Q2) Research has shown that what type of treatment intervention for low birth weight neonates helps them to survive their first year?
A)papoose care
B)kangaroo care
C)marsupial care
D)frequent contact care
Answer: B
Q3) How many hours a day does the average neonate sleep?
A)8-10
B)11-13
C)16-17
D)20-22
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development.It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____.
A)recovered rapidly for all children
B)was dependent on the age in which the children were adopted
C)did not occur for any of the children
D)not only recovered quickly,but the children outperformed other children very rapidly
Q2) Which is the best example of babbling?
A)Aaaahh oooohhh
B)Gamalanafa
C)Calling a pacifier a "bucky"
D)Give cookie
Q3) What measure positively predicts memory ability on other tasks in infancy?
A)speed of retention
B)speed of responding
C)speed of dishabituation
D)speed of habituation
Q4) How have researchers tested memory in nonverbal infants?
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6
Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When is autism or ASD usually diagnosed?
A)during infancy
B)during toddlerhood
C)during early childhood
D)during middle childhood
Q2) What famous chimpanzee learned to use approximately 100 signs,mostly involving requests for food?
A)Nim Chimpsky
B)Washoe
C)Ayumu
D)Viki
Q3) Give a specific example of a sociomoral emotion that you might see a toddler display.
Q4) A study from 1957 of American children reported that 92% were toilet trained by the time they were ____.
A)3 months old
B)6 months old
C)12 months old
D)18 months old
Q5) Compare and contrast the methods used to assess brain activity.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average 6-year-old has a vocabulary that consists of more than ____.
A)1,000 words
B)1,500 words
C)2,000 words
D)2,500 words
Q2) Using a pencil to draw a smiley face on a sheet of paper is an example of a ____.
A)gross motor skill
B)fine motor skill
C)ambidextrous motor skill
D)elementary motor skill
Q3) What is the percentage of children in developing countries who are malnourished?
A)80%
B)60%
C)40%
D)20%
Q4) Describe two characteristics of children that put them at risk of being abused.
Q5) Give an example of how a 5-year-old's inability to self-regulate makes others in his kindergarten classroom not want to play with him.
Q6) What are two explanations for the inability to remember anything before age 2?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on children's ratings of who they like or dislike among their peers,researchers have described four categories of social status: ____.
A)socially isolated,hostile,preppy,and smart children
B)sub-average,average,above average,and three-deviations-from-the-mean children
C)popular,rejected,neglected,and controversial children
D)social,accepted,rejected,and unpopular
Q2) A very large-scale study of ADHD in Europe determined that the symptoms between boys and girls were similar,but that boys were more likely to have ____.
A)additional conduct disorders
B)delays in physical development,including secondary sexual development later
C)emotional problems and to be bullied by their peers
D)minor delays in social development
Q3) When is ADHD usually diagnosed?
A)toddlerhood
B)early childhood
C)middle childhood
D)adolescence
Q4) What are two risk factors for asthma?
Q5) Why does self-esteem decrease from early childhood to middle childhood?
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Chapter 8: Adolescence
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Sample
Questions
Q1) When Rachel looks into a mirror,she sees a fat person.However,she is extremely thin for her height,weighing less than 85% of normal.She has intense fear of gaining weight and has not experienced a menstrual cycle in the last four months.Knowing diagnostic criteria,one can assume that Rachel might manifest which of the following disorders?
A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)pica
D)feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood
Q2) According to the text,what component of the memory system is limited such that the more information that is contained in the system,the less effectively new information can be added?
A)short-term memory
B)long-term memory
C)episodic memory
D)iconic memory
Q3) Recent neuroscience research findings have overturned previous beliefs about brain development during adolescence.Discuss at least one of these findings and its implications.
Q4) Give an example of a primary and a secondary sex characteristic.
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Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the text,which of the following is an explanation of why emerging adults in Europe have a low rate of political participation?
A)They are not granted the right to vote until age 30.
B)Younger individuals are not exposed to and taught the political system.
C)They possess low levels of trust in political authorities and the political system.
D)Democracy and freedom are new to many European countries.
Q2) ____ involves a growing awareness that problems often have no clear solution and two opposing strategies or points of view may each have merit.
A)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
B)Egocentric thought
C)Hypothesis testing
D)Dialectical thought
Q3) People like to find in others a match that reaffirms their own way of looking at the world.This is referred to as ____.
A)commonality
B)consensual validation
C)re-invention
D)recalibrating
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does marital satisfaction decline during the period in which child rearing occurs?
A)There is a great dissatisfaction because of lack of sexual relations.
B)Caring for children is demanding and places additional stresses on the marriage.
C)By the time children arrive,the love in the marriage is nearly gone.
D)Job stresses increase tremendously after about seven years of marriage.
Q2) What does the text define as a brain chemical that provides a pleasurable feeling and increases well-being?
A)morpheme
B)endorphins
C)adrenaline
D)gonadotropin
Q3) Regular exercise in young adulthood reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood,including ____.
A)farsightedness,diabetes,and jaundice
B)diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and several types of cancer
C)nearsightedness,hemophilia,and dementia
D)eczema,psoriasis,and various allergies
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your 56-year-old teacher seems very comfortable with herself.If she does not know the answer to a student's question,she simply states that she does not know and will try to find the answer.Is she an unusual person for her age?
A)No,self-contentment is at its peak during middle adulthood.
B)No,women of all ages have high self-contentment.
C)Yes,self-contentment is generally the highest during emerging adulthood.
D)Yes,more middle adults have poor self-contentment.
Q2) Historically,what is the most common practice after a couple marries in Asia,Africa and South America?
A)They move in with the bride's family.
B)They move in with the groom's family.
C)They make a home by themselves.
D)They spend a year traveling to become more worldly.
Q3) Women from what world region have the highest rate of hot flashes at 80%?
A)Africa
B)Japan
C)United States
D)India
Q4) What is the #1 cause of death for adults worldwide? Discuss two risk factors.
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Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) High blood pressure is also known as ____.
A)hypertension
B)hypotension
C)hydraulic tension
D)hydrostatic tension
Q2) Your grandmother used to play piano at her community organization for many years.Lately,she has had some difficulty when she plays.She is having difficulty with what type of memory?
A)task
B)procedural
C)instructional
D)performance
Q3) Your 5'8"-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 6'2." All of the other males in your family average about 5'10" tall.Is he telling the truth about his original height? No,men lose height after 60,but is usually about ____.
A)1.0"
B)1.5"
C)2.0"
D)2.5"
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one of the major cultural reasons that there are differences in rates of death from heart disease among ethnic groups in the United States?
A)diet
B)exercise
C)sedentary employment
D)lack of health insurance
Q2) Cancer is more common in men because men are more likely to ____.
A)engage in high-risk behaviors
B)smoke
C)be alcoholics
D)be obese
Q3) Research that has examined Erikson's last stage has found that most people end life in a state of ____.
A)ego integrity
B)despair
C)unhappiness
D)confusion
Q4) Describe one area of research that has shown promise in reducing some of the physiological effects of aging.
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