Life Sciences
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Life Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. This course introduces students to key concepts in biology, covering topics such as cell biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, and physiology. Emphasis is placed on understanding the scientific method, experimental design, and critical thinking skills necessary for analyzing biological systems. By examining the complex interactions among organisms and their environments, students will develop a holistic understanding of life and its processes, preparing them for advanced study or careers in health, research, and the natural sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology 4th Edition by Cecie Starr
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28 Chapters
3839 Verified Questions
3839 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ecosystem such as a forest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States is made up of
A) plants, animals and fungi.
B) organisms and nonliving things.
C) rocks and minerals.
D) plants, protozoa, and fungi.
E) all of these.
Answer: B
Q2) Which level of taxonomy encompasses all of the others?
A) family
B) class
C) order
D) species
E) genus
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Molecules of Life
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) the bond that holds organic molecules together
A)hydrogen
B)ionic
C)covalent
Answer: C
Q2) A triglyceride molecule is made up of
A) one glycerol and two fatty acids.
B) two fatty acids and two glycerols.
C) one fatty acid and three glycerols.
D) one glycerol and three fatty acids.
E) any of these.
Answer: D
Q3) What two atoms are found in all organic compounds?
A) carbon and hydrogen
B) carbon and oxygen
C) oxygen and hydrogen
D) carbon and phosphorous
E) oxygen and sulfur
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An organelle that finishes a protein and packages it for export is a
A) lysosome
B) Golgi body
C) peroxisome
D) smooth ER
E) rough ER
Answer: B
Q2) A flagellum is to a bacterium as ____ is to a boat.
A) a captain
B) an engine
C) a propeller
D) a bow
E) an anchor
Answer: C
Q3) cytoplasm
Answer: E
Q4) plasma membrane
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Energy and Metabolism
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to survive,heterotrophs must
A) harvest the heat energy that is lost in energy conversions.
B) recycle energy from our metabolic reactions.
C) constantly take in energy rich foods.
D) harvest energy from sunlight.
E) convert low energy molecules into high energy molecules.
Q2) The minimum amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started is called the ___ energy.
A) activation
B) reaction
C) enzymatic
D) chemical
E) triggering
Q3) The amount of turgor that is enough to stop osmosis is called
A) the wilting point.
B) osmotic pressure.
C) hypotonicity.
D) expansion pressure.
E) hypertonicity.
Q4) molecule that enters a reaction
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) oxygen is used in this process
Q2) Which of the following molecules serve as inputs for the light-independent reactions?
A) H2O, ATP, and NADPH
B) CO2, NADPH, and H2O
C) CO2 and NADPH
D) ATP, NADPH, H2O, and CO2
E) NADPH, ATP, and CO2
Q3) Ultimately,for aerobic organisms,where does the energy in ATP come from?
A) glucose
B) pyruvate
C) water
D) NADPH
E) sunlight
Q4) How many ATP form in the third stage of aerobic respiration?
A) 4
B) 16
C) 23
D) 32
E) 36
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Chapter 6: DNA Structure and Function
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Body cells of human males contain
A) one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
B) two X chromosomes.
C) two Y chromosomes.
D) two O chromosomes.
E) chromosomes X, Y, and O.
Q2) Somatic cell nuclear transplant
A) is a process by which a defective nucleus is replaced with a healthy one.
B) is a process by which a nucleolus is removed and replaced with another nucleolus from any other healthy cell.
C) is a process by which the nucleus of an unfertilized egg is removed and replaced with the nucleus of an adult animal cell.
D) is a process by which adult cells are converted into sex cells.
E) is all of these.
Q3) A eukaryotic chromosome consists of
A) DNA and lipids.
B) RNA and proteins.
C) DNA and proteins.
D) DNA and carbohydrates.
E) just DNA.
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Chapter 7: Gene Expression and Control
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beta thalassemia is caused by a A) deletion.
B) insertion.
C) base-pair substitution.
D) frameshift mutation.
E) more than one of these.
Q2) Which of the following would NOT be the cause of mutations in DNA sequences?
A) RNA polymerase
B) DNA polymerase
C) transposable elements
D) UV light
E) more than one of these
Q3) A person with a mutated SRY gene will
A) be an XX female.
B) have normal male genitalia.
C) be sterile.
D) have both male and female genitalia.
E) have no genitalia.
Q4) all of the mRNA codons
Q5) The DNA sequence AAC would pair with this codon.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: How Cells Reproduce
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) the beginning of interphase
Q2) Which of the following organisms employs a cell plate in cell division?
A) bears
B) humans
C) roses
D) pigs
E) more than one of these
Q3) Fertilization of plant gametes directly produces
A) a zygote.
B) a gametophyte.
C) a spore.
D) either a sperm cell or egg cell.
E) a sporophyte.
Q4) Which of the following organisms employs a contractile ring during cell division?
A) bears
B) humans
C) roses
D) pigs
E) more than one of these
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percent of plants are polyploids?
A) 20
B) 35
C) 50
D) 70
E) 90
Q2) The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called
A) aneuploidy.
B) trisomy.
C) monosomy.
D) nondisjunction.
E) polyploidy.
Q3) If a homozygous dominant long-haired dog is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-haired dog,what will be the phenotype of the offspring?
A) all heterozygous
B) half homozygous dominant and half homozygous recessive
C) all red
D) half red and half white
E) more than one of these
Q4) the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease
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Chapter 10: Biotechnology
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of GMO crops?
A) there have been no problems with genes escaping from GMO plants
B) some GMO crops allow farmers to use fewer pesticides
C) some GMO crops have fewer weeds
D) some GMO crops are more nutritious
E) all of these are true of GMO crops- none of these is NOT true
Q2) Which of the following organisms is (are)easily modified by genetic engineering?
A) bacteria and yeasts
B) bacteria and mice
C) yeasts and mice
D) molds and mice
E) humans
Q3) Once a probe has hybridized with a gene of interest in a DNA library,how is the hybrid identified?
A) by its sticky tail
B) by its radioactive phosphate group
C) by using restriction enzymes
D) by centrifugation
E) by vector analysis
Q4) circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Evidence of Evolution
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the super continent called that included the landmasses that are currently found in the southern hemisphere?
A) Antarctica
B) Pangaea
C) Eurasia
D) Caprica
E) Gondwana
Q2) Which of the following organisms is most likely to become fossilized?
A) a lake trout
B) a mountain goat
C) a tulip
D) a mushroom
E) all of these organisms are equally likely to fossilize
Q3) What is true about homologous structures?
A) they are always used for the same function
B) they are formed from different developmental pathways
C) the same genes direct their development
D) they are only found within species not between species
E) more than one of these is correct
Q4) Malthus
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Processes of Evolution
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hawaiian honeycreeper diversity is best described as an example of
A) behavioral isolation.
B) morphological convergence.
C) exaptation.
D) adaptive radiation.
E) sympatric speciation.
Q2) Which of the following has led to the extinction of most of the Hawaiian honeycreeper species?
A) destruction of habitat
B) introduction of new predators
C) introduced diseases
D) climate change
E) all of these
Q3) Traits with more than 2 distinct forms are
A) polymorphic.
B) dimorphic.
C) codominant.
D) heterozygous.
E) homozygous.
Q4) an evolutionary novelty that stems from an adaptation of an existing structure
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Chapter 13: Early Life Forms and the Viruses
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following bacteria are found inside the roots of legumes?
A) thermophilic bacteria
B) cyanobacteria
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) methane-producing bacteria
E) halophilic bacteria
Q2) The bacterium E.coli
A) is a normal inhabitant of the mammalian gut.
B) has some mutant strains that produce toxins and cause disease.
C) is grown in laboratories around the world.
D) produces vitamin K.
E) has all of these characteristics.
Q3) Which of the following protists may cause dysentery after drinking contaminated water?
A) dinoflagellates
B) apicomplexans
C) amoebas
D) ciliates
E) water molds
Q4) virus that infects bacteria
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Plants and Fungi
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The seed plants became dominant in the late ___ when the climate became ___.
A) Cambrian---wetter
B) Carboniferous---drier
C) Carboniferous--wetter
D) Cretaceous---drier
E) Cretaceous---wetter
Q2) If in a lichen,the fungal partner is a cyanobacterium,what does the fungus receive from its partner?
A) sugars
B) nitrogen compounds
C) oxygen
D) oxygen and sugars
E) nitrogen compounds and sugars
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true about peat bogs?
A) they are found throughout the world at high latitudes
B) they are harvested and used in planting mixtures
C) they are harvested and used as fuels
D) they are anaerobic
E) they are highly alkaline
Q4) the main body of this organism is most commonly dikaryotic
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Chapter 15: Animal Evolution
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sea anemones are
A) polyp forms of cnidarians.
B) medusae forms of cnidarians.
C) spongiforms of cnidarians.
D) spongiforms of echinoderms.
E) polyp forms of echinoderms.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an amniote?
A) turtles
B) frogs
C) humans
D) eagles
E) more than one of these is NOT an amniote
Q3) Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.
Q4) This animal has amoeba-like cells that distribute food from collar cells to other body cells.This animal is ___.
A) a sea anemone
B) a sponge
C) a flatworm
D) an earthworm
E) a roundworm
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Chapter 16: Population Ecology
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of a population?
A) Members of a population are all genetically identical.
B) Members of a population live together and interbreed.
C) A population may include both predators and prey.
D) Members of a population spend much of their time living apart.
E) More than one of these is true.
Q2) In Michigan,the population of Canada geese changed from 9,000 to a population of ___ in 2008.
A) 3,000
B) 30,000
C) 300,000
D) 3,000,000
E) 30,000,000
Q3) Four of the five answers listed below follow a type I survivorship curve.Select the EXCEPTION.
A) deer
B) sea turtles
C) bears
D) humans
E) elephants
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Chapter 17: Communities and Ecosystems
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the ultimate fate of the heat energy released when chemical bonds are broken?
A) it is used to do metabolic work
B) it diffuses out of the ecosystem
C) it is recycled and reused
D) it is captured by other organisms further down in the food chain
E) it is used to heat animal bodies
Q2) The first plant to colonize the plains of Mt St Helens after this volcano erupted in 1980 was a prairie lupine.The prairie lupine is an example of
A) a secondary successor.
B) a pioneer species.
C) a keystone species.
D) an exotic species.
E) more than one of these.
Q3) Lichens and mosses live on the branches of trees and are benefited by being up and out of the shade where they can do more photosynthesis.The tree is unharmed by their presence.
Q4) third-level consumer
Q5) primary consumers
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Chapter 18: The Biosphere and Human Effects
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111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Klamath-Siskiyou forest in southwestern Oregon is endangered due to A) logging.
B) over-predation.
C) plant diseases.
D) introduced species.
E) more than one of these.
Q2) What is the best way to minimize our energy impact?
A) use solar power
B) use hydroelectric power
C) use coal based power
D) use wind generated power
E) use less energy
Q3) Which group has the fewest number of described species?
A) fungi
B) gymnosperms
C) mammals
D) amphibians
E) insects
Q4) Nations enjoy three forms of wealth: __________,__________,and
Q5) main producers are dinoflagellates
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Animal Tissues and Organs
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Sample Questions
Q1) lines the airway
Q2) relays information
Q3) Every tissue is defined by the type of
A) organ it is in.
B) organ system it is a part of.
C) organism that possesses it.
D) cells that make it up.
E) more than one of these.
Q4) What are the projections on epithelial tissue that increase the surface area?
A) cilia
B) microvilli
C) flagella
D) pseudopodia
E) exocrines
Q5) Since epithelial tissues lack blood vessels,nutrients will reach the cells by __________.
Q6) the most common tissue type in vertebrates; holds organs in place
Q7) tissue that makes up deep skin layers
Q8) lining of internal cavities
Q9) brain Page 21
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Page 22
Chapter 20: How Animals Move
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During exercise,which pathway produces the most energy?
A) lactate fermentation
B) anaerobic respiration
C) aerobic respiration
D) use of stored ATP
E) all of these produce the same amount of energy
Q2) In which of the following diseases does a virus infect and kill motor neurons?
A) polio
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D) multiple sclerosis
E) fibromyalgia
Q3) Which human bone is the largest?
A) humerus
B) femur
C) ulna
D) tibia
E) radius
Q4) type of bony internal skeleton
Q5) found in all vertebrates
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Chapter 21: Circulation and Respiration
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a person standing at rest,what percentage of the blood volume could be held by the veins?
A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80
E) 90
Q2) small airway branching off from a bronchus
A)alveolus
B)bronchiole
C)epiglottis
D)glottis
E)larynx
F)pharynx
G)trachea
H)spiracle
Q3) the windpipe
Q4) structure not found in the human respiratory system
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Page 24
Chapter 22: Immunity
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132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of antibodies?
A) they are secreted by B cells and T cells
B) they are Y shaped
C) they activate complement
D) they facilitate phagocytosis
E) they bind to specific antigens
Q2) If a person is incapable of making effector helper T cells,what will be the result?
A) Memory B cells will not be produced.
B) Effector B cells will not be produced.
C) Memory T cells will not be produced.
D) Complement cascade will not occur.
E) Both a and b will result
Q3) This white blood cell degranulates in response to injury or antigens and stays anchored in cells closely associated with neurons.This white blood is a(an)
A) mast cell.
B) eosinophil.
C) basophil.
D) dendritic cell.
E) neutrophil
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25
Chapter 23: Digestion and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) On what foodstuff does the main enzyme in the mouth act?
A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) fats and carbohydrates
E) carbohydrates and proteins
Q2) If a person does not produce bile,which macromolecule(s)would they have the most trouble digesting?
A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) fats
D) nucleic acids
E) all of these
Q3) The ___ stores excess glucose as glycogen and the ___ uses glucose to build fats.
A) liver--liver
B) liver--pancreas
C) liver--muscle cells
D) gallbladder--liver
E) pancreas--liver
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Page 26
Chapter 24: Neural Control and the Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the height of the action potential,
A) the interstitial fluid is more negatively charged than the cytoplasmic fluid.
B) the interstitial fluid is less negatively charged than the cytoplasmic fluid.
C) the interstitial fluid and the cytoplasmic fluid have the same charge.
D) all sodium and potassium ions rush out of the neuron.
E) both a and d occur.
Q2) The forebrain includes which of the following portions of the brain?
A) cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
B) pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
C) cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
D) thalamus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata
E) corpus callosum, pons, medulla oblongata
Q3) The photoreceptors of an earthworm are located
A) on short antennae.
B) on their body surface.
C) in their eyes.
D) near the tip of their tail.
E) nowhere- earthworms do not have photoreceptors.
Q4) coordinates motor activity for moving limbs and maintaining posture
Q5) the distance front to the back of the eye is longer than normal
Page 27
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Chapter 25: Endocrine Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seasonal affective disorder
Q2) Prolactin
A) stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.
B) affects only animals with mammary glands.
C) causes the development of breasts and other secondary sexual characteristics in the male.
D) acts in concert with FSH to produce milk.
E) has secondary effects on reducing the size of the uterus after birth.
Q3) A goiter is caused by a deficiency in
A) thyroxine.
B) triiodothyronine.
C) calcium.
D) iodine.
E) both thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Q4) Which cells are targeted by insulin?
A) skeletal muscle cells
B) liver cells
C) fat cells
D) all of these cells are targeted by insulin
E) only one of these cells is targeted by insulin
Page 28
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Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) This continues to undergo mitosis throughout the reproductive life of the male.
Q2) secreted by the hypothalamus,this hormone stimulates the release of LH and FSH
Q3) Ovulation is triggered by
A) high levels of LH.
B) low levels of LH.
C) low levels of estrogen.
D) high levels of estrogen.
E) high levels of progesterone.
Q4) The birth control pill is a mixture of synthetic
A) testosterone and estrogens.
B) progesterone and estrogens.
C) LH and FSH.
D) LH and estrogens.
E) compounds of all of these.
Q5) Sperm use ____ for their energy source.
A) fructose
B) glucose
C) ions
D) semen
E) prostate gland secretions
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Chapter 27: Plant Form and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a plant cell type that is commonly found in and gives support to vascular tissues?
A) sclerids
B) fibers
C) stomata
D) parenchyma
E) collenchyma
Q2) thickened portions of underground stolons
Q3) seeds with three cotyledons
Q4) movement is always up for this process
Q5) Parenchyma cells are specialized for all EXCEPT which of the following activities?
A) photosynthesis
B) wound healing
C) conduction of food
D) secretion
E) food storage
Q6) also known as runners
Q7) The absorption of water and minerals would occur at letter _____.
Q8) stomata
Page 30
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Chapter 28: Plant Reproduction and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A seed does NOT include
A) endosperm.
B) seed coats.
C) cotyledons.
D) pollen grains.
E) embryo.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of colony collapse disorder (CCD)?
A) 30% of hives in the United States have been affected
B) in CCD worker bees abandon their colonies
C) animals and plants other than our agricultural animals and plants are affected in one way or another
D) CCD is now on the decline
E) all of these are true of CCD
Q3) Which of the following is NOT caused by the positive feedback loop of ethylene action?
A) fruit ripening
B) leaf abscission
C) germination
D) cell expansion
E) all of these are caused by the positive feedback loop of ethylene action
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