Learning and Memory Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course examines the fundamental principles and mechanisms underlying learning and memory in humans and animals. Topics include classical and operant conditioning, biological bases of memory, processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval, as well as types of memory such as short-term, long-term, and working memory. Students will explore experimental research, theoretical models, and the neurological foundations that support learning and memory, as well as consider factors that influence memory performance and disorders related to memory impairment.
Recommended Textbook
Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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13 Chapters
1177 Verified Questions
1177 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2113 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Memory
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42093
Sample Questions
Q1) Classical conditioning is learning a relationship that exists between a stimulus and an outcome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What kind of a coil does TMS use to stimulate particular areas of the brain?
A)magnetic
B)behavior
C)memory
D)zinc
Answer: A
Q3) Mary Calkins is known for her research on:
A)overlearning.
B)savings scores.
C)eyewitness memory.
D)paired-associate learning.
Answer: D
Q4) Predictions we make as we study items of the likelihood that we will remember them later are ______ of learning.
Answer: judgments
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Chapter 2: Memory and the Brain
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42094
Sample Questions
Q1) Terminal Buttons at the end of an axon hold:
A)dendrites.
B)neurotransmitter.
C)synapses.
D)perceptors.
Answer: B
Q2) The brain is divisible into two ______ halves, oriented in the left-right direction. Answer: symmetrical
Q3) The olfactory bulb is the primary organ in the brain for processing memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The medial temporal lobe is associated with higher emotions, decision-making, metacognition, and memory.Damage to this area affects the fight or flight emotional response.This response can be associated with the prefrontal cortex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Working Memory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42095
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on training working memory shows that:
A)training working memory immediately generalizes to long-term memory tasks.
B)by training our working memory, we can boost our ability to learn and remember facts and vocabulary words.
C)With practice, we can improve our ability to remember digit spans and other measures of working memory, but improving on these tasks does not automatically translate to better reading comprehension.
D)memory is really not retrainable.
Answer: C
Q2) The term used for a basic unit of information in working memory which may be decomposable into more information.
A)cap
B)digit
C)span
D)chunk
Answer: D
Q3) ______ memory is visual sensory memory.
Answer: Iconic
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Chapter 4: Episodic Memory
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42096
Sample Questions
Q1) Tulving's patient KC shows memory deficits for:
A)episodic memory only.
B)episodic and semantic memory, but not working memory.
C)the ability to generate visual images.
D)episodic memories from early childhood only.
Q2) Retrieval from episodic memory draws on more cerebellar processes than semantic memory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the term for the observation that linking to-be-learned information to personally relevant information about oneself creates strong encoding?
A)survival processing
B)self-reference effect
C)the mirror effect
D)encoding reversal
Q4) Explain semantic memory and give one example of this system.
Q5) Moods are best remembered when we study them under levels of mood congruence.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Levels of processing assume that most learning is ______, not intentional.
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Chapter 5: Semantic Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42097
Sample Questions
Q1) A prototype forms this in our representation of categories.
A)tools
B)memories
C)central characteristic
D)mental representation
Q2) An associative model means that we represent information in semantic memory in terms of connections among units of information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The lexeme is the level of representation that stores the meaning of an item.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Characteristic features are:
A)necessary to invoke a superordinate category.
B)required for an example of a particular category.
C)implied by the nature of semantic memory.
D)they generally accompany an instance of the category but are not required.
Q5) A ______ is generalized knowledge about an event, a person, or a situation.
Q6) Retrieving the word "attorney" when we meant to retrieve the word "barrister" is an example of a ______.
7
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Chapter 6: Visual Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42098
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how bizarre imagery works and give one example.
Q2) Primary visual cortex is the rear area of the occipital cortex processing pictures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Is photographic memory a reality or a fantasy?
Q4) Which imagery technique dates all the way back to the ancient Greeks 2500 years ago?
A)the method of loci
B)the savings method
C)the key word method
D)the peg word method
Q5) fMRI studies, such as those conducted by Slotnick et al (2012), show that:
A)the occipital lobe is not critical in visual imagery.
B)the occipital lobe is activated during visual memory tasks.
C)the parietal lobe has secondary auditory functions.
D)the junction between the occipital and frontal lobe is critical in both visual imagery and visual memory.
Q6) Explain Hemifield neglect.
Q7) ______ categories states that meaning affects cognitive maps.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Autobiographical Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42099
Sample Questions
Q1) Dickson, Pillemer, and Bruehl (2011) found a reminiscence bump for events:
A)that were surprising and therefore not part of the person's lifetime period or cultural scripts as well as positive and script-relevant events.
B)only for recent events.
C)only for young adults.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Explain the "reminiscence bump."
Q3) Berntsen, Staugaard, and Sorensen (in press) asked participants to engage in sound-location task which involved determining if two sounds were being played to the same ear or one to each ear.They found that novel sounds were less likely to induce involuntary memories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An example of an "______" event in Conway's theory was the memory of the horse-back riding trip you took in the hills of Pennsylvania.
Q5) Explain "flashbulb" memories.
Q6) Explain the results of Willem Wagenaar's work in a landmark diary study.
Q7) Explain Conway's theory of autobiographical memory.
Q8) Explain correspondence in memory of events.
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Chapter 8: False Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42100
Sample Questions
Q1) Anderson et al. (2004) examined ______ suppression using an fMRI scanner.They found that retrieval suppression was associated with a decrease in activity in the hippocampus.
Q2) Anderson et al. (2004) examined retrieval active suppression using an fMRI scanner.They found that:
A)retrieval active suppression did not occur when participants felt ill at ease in the scanner.
B)retrieval suppression was associated with regions in the occipital lobe.
C)retrieval suppression was associated with a decrease in activity in the hippocampus.
D)retrieval suppression was associated with an increase in activity in the hippocampus.
Q3) Geraerts, Raymaekers, and Merckelbach (2008) found that spontaneous sudden memories are:
A)more likely to be correlated with documented histories of abuse.
B)less likely to be correlated with documented histories of abuse.
C)more likely to be false memories than those recovered gradually during therapy.
D)sometimes associated with hypnotic induction.
Q4) Describe critical intrusion.
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Chapter 9: Metamemory
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42101
Sample Questions
Q1) An experiment finds that feelings of knowing are influenced by unconscious access of the unretrieved target.Which theory would this finding support?
A)direct access theory
B)metacognitive inductive theory
C)inferential theory
D)the developmental metacognition matrix theory
Q2) Son and Metcalfe (2000) gave participants several short passages of text to study and told them to master all of them.The topics varied-some were about the use of bacteria in making beer whereas others were about Shakespeare's difficulties getting his first plays produced.Son and Metcalfe found that when participants had limited time, they concentrated on the easiest items to ensure that they would remember some materials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research shows that both college students and middle-school students:
A)are not subject to stability bias.
B)employ region-of-proximal-learning strategies while studying.
C)show underconfidence in retrospective judgments.
D)fail to account for misplaced familiarity while making judgments of learning.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Memory Disorders
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42102
Sample Questions
Q1) Patient JB has a deficit in the acquisition of new information.However, his intelligence is intact, he is aware of his memory deficit, and he is able to converse coherently.Your diagnosis?
A)Korsakoff's syndrome
B)frontal lobe pathology
C)amnesic syndrome
D)Capgrass syndrome
Q2) Deficits in temporal ordering (that is, memory for time) are associated with which form of amnesia?
A)Transient global amnesia
B)Frontal lobe amnesia
C)Aphasic amnesia
D)Temporal lobe amnesia
Q3) Retrograde amnesia is seen after concussions because the blow to the head is thought to interfere with the ______ process.
Q4) Explain Transient global amnesia.
Q5) How does Confabulation affect amnesic patients?
Q6) Explain Ribot's Law.
Q7) Elaborate on Dissociative Fugue.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Memory in Childhood
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42103
Sample Questions
Q1) Younger children show fewer meaning-based memory errors.This summarizes the research on false memory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Lucas is three years old.Based on what you know about memory strategies, you would expect him to:
A)keep his eyes on the location of a hidden toy if he can later point to the location of the toy.
B)know that a research assistant who just entered the room does not know where the hidden toy is.
C)describe his theory of mind to the researcher.
D)use eidetic imagery to solve the missing problem.
Q3) In a classic study on this topic, Leichtman and Ceci (1995) investigated the suggestibility of child witnesses.They used children aged 3-6 as participants.In the study, a man-a confederate of the researchers-named "Sam Stone" came to visit the children's pre-school class.Leichtman and Ceci found that some children misremembered key details of Sam Stone's visit.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Memory in Older Adults
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42104
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on metamemory monitoring and control suggests that older adults may:
A)show selective deficits in control behavior relative to younger adults.
B)be as good as younger adults in both monitoring and control.
C)show deficits in monitoring relative to younger adults.
D)remain unaffected by the negative effects of metamemory declines.
Q2) Explain directed forgetting.
Q3) Which of these is not a reason why memory researchers use judgments of learning (JOLs) to examine metamemory?
A)JOLs have also been shown to be highly predictive of study behavior.
B)JOLs bias metamemory towards older adults.
C)People use JOLs to allocate their study efforts to the difficult or to the easy items, depending on study constraints.
D)JOLs are also directly related to study behaviors in the real world.
Q4) When older adults misperceive an object, they are:
A)more likely to show inattention blindness.
B)less likely to show visual-auditory feedback.
C)often forget the correction that led them to correctly identify the object.
D)less likely to know the correct target name of the object than if they had correctly perceived initially.
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Chapter 13: Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42105
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the purpose of the region of proximal learning.
Q2) Research on collaborative memory shows that:
A)groups working separately recalled more information than groups working collaboratively.
B)groups working separately cannot recall team-related information.
C)collaborative memory is only successful when distributed learning is practiced.
D)groups working separately recalled less information than groups working collaboratively.
Q3) ACE stands for Association of Continuing Education.If ACE is used to remember this organization, it is said to be an:
A)acronym.
B)acrostic.
C)antonym.
D)archaism.
Q4) Technical mnemonics refer to:
A)ready-made methods for learning information.
B)the use of digital technology to improve memory.
C)the mnemonics used by most professional memory performers.
D)the use of imagery to encode language vocabulary.
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