Leadership in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the unique challenges and opportunities of leadership within public and nonprofit organizations. Students will explore theories and models of leadership, with special attention to the complex environments and diverse stakeholder groups that characterize the public and nonprofit sectors. Topics include strategic visioning, ethical decision-making, resource mobilization, community engagement, and the influence of policy and governance structures on leadership practice. Through case studies, discussions, and applied projects, students will develop the skills necessary to lead effectively and ethically in service-oriented organizations committed to the public good.
Recommended Textbook
Managing Human Behavior in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Fourth Edition by Robert B. Denhardt
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14 Chapters
555 Verified Questions
555 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior As a Way of Thinking
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe is researching any external issues or trends that seem likely to affect the work unit.Which management function is he engaging in?
A) Supervision
B) Budgeting
C) Representation
D) External awareness
Answer: D
Q2) Identify the skills that are critical to managerial success in government.Pick five skills to discuss in detail.Why did you choose these skills? What makes them important?
Answer: Varies
Q3) The importance of human cooperation in organizations was emphasized in the Hawthorn study's definition of a formal organization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Knowing and Managing Yourself
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The personality dimension of "conscientiousness" is described as the:
A) Degree in which a person is responsible, dependable, and has the ability to plan ahead
B) Degree is which a person is sociable, responsible, and ambitious
C) Degree to which a person is responsible, likable, and flexible
D) Degree to which a person is dependable, curious, and assertive
Answer: A
Q2) The use of personality tests in hiring can lead to the creation of heterogeneous organizations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Fully explore vision as it relates to self-awareness.Why is developing a vision important? Develop your own personal vision statement,utilizing the guidelines from the reading.
Answer: Varies
Q4) Describe the different types of value orientations.How do these fit in with personal values? How might people's behavior change based on their value orientation? Discuss using relevant examples.
Answer: Varies
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Fostering Creativity and Innovation
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44 Verified Questions
44 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enumerate and explain key impediments to creativity in an organizational setting,using examples where appropriate.
Answer: Varies
Q2) A person who is good a producing new ideas can generally be expected to put those ideas into practice.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The biggest challenge facing public and private enterprises in the future will be:
A) The neutral pace and the separation of global society into individual systems
B) The accelerating pace and complexity of global society operating as a massively interconnected system
C) The decline of global society to operate as an interconnected system
D) The decline of global society to operate as an individual system
Answer: B
Q4) Illustrate with examples how an individual with advanced cognitive skills and abilities can be as creative as an individual with creative traits.
Answer: Varies
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Chapter 4: Managing Stress
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only women appear to have a broader repertoire of responses to stress,including affiliative,protective,and caretaking behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The "fight-or-flight" response is the dominant behavioral response to stress among males.
A)True B)False
Q3) Which of the following jobs can cause high levels of stress?
A) Jobs with great responsibility and little autonomy
B) Jobs with little responsibility and little autonomy
C) Jobs with great responsibility and great autonomy
D) Jobs with little responsibility and great autonomy
Q4) Describe the sources of stress which may be related to home-work connections based on the different stages of life of an individual.
Q5) What is stress and why does it need to be managed?
Q6) There are four stages in the General Adaptation Syndrome.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Decision Making
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rational model approaches decision making:
A) With a complete regard for the holistic picture of human nature
B) With a complete disregard for the holistic picture of human nature
C) Neither regarding nor disregarding the holistic picture of human nature
D) None of the above
Q2) Non-programmed decisions involve difficult problem solving.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The involvement of citizens and stakeholders is of great importance in public decision making.Which of these democratic ideals are required in the decision making process?
A) Openness, transparency, and majority rule
B) Inclusiveness, transparency, and unanimity
C) Transparency, inclusiveness, and openness
D) Equality, transparency, and inclusiveness
Q4) Explain the RAPID technique of decision making.
Q5) Compare and contrast programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions.
Q6) Decisions entail opportunity costs for paths not taken.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Motivation and Engagement
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43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Vroom,there are three concepts important to understanding human motivation:
A) Balance, expectations, and drive
B) Valence, expectancy, and force
C) Tolerance, opportunity, and growth
D) Temptation, control, and pressure
Q2) Theory Y is based on the recognition that people need opportunities at work to satisfy not only lower-level needs for wages and decent working conditions,but also:
A) Higher-level social and ego needs
B) Recognition of a job well done
C) A reward system that goes beyond such means
D) Higher-level needs for self-actualization
Q3) Public service motivation and goal theories of motivation may be considered interrelated.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare Theory X and Theory Y and how they affect the modern workforce from Gen-X and Gen-Y.
Q5) Discuss Marcum's arguments on the flaws in motivational theories.
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Chapter 7: Leadership in Public Organizations
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the managerial grid.What types of leaders are represented in each square of the grid?
Q2) Relationship behavior is defined as the extent to which the leader engages in spelling out the duties and responsibilities of an individual or group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ leadership occurs when leaders and followers engage with one another in such a way that they raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation.
A) Moral
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) Powerful
Q4) Explore the challenges of leading in a diverse organization.Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
Q5) What is street-level leadership? How does it affect public policy?
Q6) Compare and contrast managers and leaders.What are the similarities,if any? What are the differences,if any? Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Power and Organizational Politics
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tactics help people to gain power,exercise influence,and balance the power of others in organizations?
A) Using ambiguity
B) Forming coalitions
C) Incurring obligations
D) All of the above
Q2) Simply having the positive regard and respect of others is a potential source of power.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People who have and exercise power have a number of personal qualities,including A) Ambition
B) Self-knowledge
C) Confidence
D) Ability to tolerate conflict
E) All of the above
Q4) Is power a positive or destructive force? Does it vary based on the situation? Discuss,bringing in relevant examples where appropriate.
Q5) Compare and contrast the different sources or bases of power.
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Chapter 9: Communicating Effectively With Others
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Detail the best practices for oral communication.When should it be used? When should it be avoided? Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of supportive communication?
A) Problem oriented, not person oriented
B) Owned, not disowned
C) Two-way, not one-way
D) All of the above
Q3) Messages transmitted orally might be misinterpreted as words pass by quickly and soon are forgotten as people move on to other things.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ behavior occurs when a person feels or anticipates some sort of threat.
A) Stereotyping
B) Offensive
C) Threatening
D) Defensive
Q5) Discuss the components of supportive communication.Provide examples to support your discussion.
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Chapter 10: Working in Groups and Teams
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a reason that teams are more effective than individuals?
A) Teams produce a greater number of ideas and pieces of information than individuals acting alone
B) Teams have higher levels of motivation and performance than individuals acting alone
C) Team members are less likely to entertain risky alternatives
D) Teams offset personal biases and blind spots that inhibit effective problem analysis
Q2) How do you assess team performance? What are some questions you should use to evaluate team performance? Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
Q3) Some of the more effective team building occurs on an informal basis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Important issues to consider about team effectiveness include:
A) The structure of the team
B) The size of the team
C) The life expectancy of the team
D) All of the above
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Chapter 11: Managing Conflict
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When employees are ________,morale tends to be low and the amount of conflict increases.
A) Complacent
B) Anxious
C) Punished
D) Overwhelmed
Q2) The avoidance approach to conflict is ________ on assertiveness and ________ on cooperation.
A) Low; low
B) High; low
C) Low; high
D) High; high
Q3) We will most likely adopt a(n)________ style if we have a low concern for self and high concern for others.
A) Dominating
B) Avoiding
C) Compromising
D) Obliging
Q4) Discuss the common mistakes in negotiation.Why are good listening skills important in negotiations?
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Chapter 12: Organizational Change
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The systems approach is seen as a way of ensuring attention to the "big picture."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Appreciative inquiry focuses on emphasizing the strengths in an organization rather than its weaknesses or "deficits."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast the attributes needed by managers to effectively introduce change with what is needed to build great public organizations.
Q4) Which of the following types of change takes place within an organization's existing framework?
A) Incremental change
B) Discontinuous change
C) Strategic change
D) Grassroots change
Q5) Discuss the ways in which people's normal resistance to change may be overcome.How might changes be implemented more successfully?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Representing the Organization on the Outside
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Public managers at all levels are unlikely to be involved in external relations,so only need to develop skills required for them to manage the internal operations of their organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Involving citizens in the development and implementation of public policy is an important concern for public administrators.
A)True
B)False
Q3) RSS provides another way of getting information out to the public in a quick and efficient manner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Public distrust of government probably has decreased the attention that legislators pay to agency activities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are networks? Why are they important in the delivery of services?
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Chapter 14: Managing Behavior in the Public Interest
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the public sector we should manage our own behavior and influence the behavior of others in a manner that is consistent with the public interest and the values of
A) Consultative approach
B) Democratic governance
C) Leadership
D) Capitalism
Q2) Despite the conventional wisdom that public employees crave the security and structure of bureaucratic jobs,public servants are people who are motivated by their desire to make a difference in the lives of others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The public service should discourage creating processes and arenas in which citizens can engage with one another.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If productivity is the key that propels an organization into profitability,why is it that in the new public service,we should value people and not just productivity?
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Page 16