Leadership in Public and Nonprofit Organizations
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the principles, challenges, and strategies of effective leadership within public and nonprofit organizations. Students will examine leadership theories and models as they apply to mission-driven environments, with an emphasis on ethical decision-making, community engagement, and organizational change. Through case studies and practical exercises, the course fosters skills in collaborative leadership, communication, and performance management, preparing students to inspire and guide teams while navigating the unique political, social, and fiscal contexts of the public and nonprofit sectors.
Recommended Textbook
Managing Human Behavior in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Fourth Edition by Robert
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14 Chapters
555 Verified Questions
555 Flashcards
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Page 2
B. Denhardt
Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior As a Way of Thinking
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a "what" of management function?
A) Strategic view
B) Broad perspective
C) Leadership
D) Monitoring
Answer: D
Q2) Frederick Taylor was greatly concerned with employee motivation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Discuss how organizational behavior is defined in the public sector.Does this differ from organizational behavior outside of the public sector? Why or why not?
Answer: Varies
Q4) Define the different levels of analysis in organizational behavior.What questions should be asked for each level? How should the analysis be conducted?
Answer: Varies
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Chapter 2: Knowing and Managing Yourself
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a self-imposed barrier to rising to leadership positions?
A) Overemphasis of personal goals
B) Turning competitors into enemies
C) Gaps in training
D) Needing to lead alone
Answer: C
Q2) Carl is driven by a desire to pursue work that achieves something of value,such as helping others.Which of the following is most likely his career anchor?
A) Autonomy/independence
B) Entrepreneurial creativity
C) Service/dedication to a cause
D) Lifestyle
Answer: C
Q3) The feeler needs a thinking type to persuade and conciliate feelings,to arouse enthusiasm and to sell or advertise,and to teach and forecast.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Fostering Creativity and Innovation
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44 Verified Questions
44 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the behavioral view of creativity,creativity is what the person is rather than something a person does.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In the creative process,"preparation" is:
A) About conscious mental activity, but it is a matter of choice
B) Identification of issues to be dealt with at the concentration stage
C) The largely unconscious phase
D) About gathering ideas for addressing the problem
Answer: D
Q3) The biggest challenge facing public and private enterprises in the future will be:
A) The neutral pace and the separation of global society into individual systems
B) The accelerating pace and complexity of global society operating as a massively interconnected system
C) The decline of global society to operate as an interconnected system
D) The decline of global society to operate as an individual system
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Managing Stress
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only women appear to have a broader repertoire of responses to stress,including affiliative,protective,and caretaking behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare and contrast "Lifestyle adjustment" and "Attitude adjustment" as ways to cope with and manage stress.
Q3) People who seem to handle stress best are those who:
A) Work multiple jobs
B) Have a lot of responsibilities
C) Have interests outside of work
D) Have only a few close friends
Q4) Workers' performance can be positively influenced by promoting their:
A) Salary structure
B) Psychological well-being and happiness
C) Self-esteem
D) Performance structure
Q5) Describe the sources of stress which may be related to home-work connections based on the different stages of life of an individual.
Q6) What are the causes and consequences of stress?
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Chapter 5: Decision Making
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the organizational model of decision-making:
A) Decision makers are not constrained by standard operating procedures
B) Decision makers are constrained to be somewhat predictable but create unpredictable outcomes
C) Decision makers are constrained by standard operating procedures that tend to make decision outcomes somewhat predictable
D) Decision makers are constrained to be somewhat predictable and create predictable outcomes
Q2) Which of the following is not in sequence?
A) Regeneration of alternatives; selection of solution; implementation of a solution
B) Implementation of solution; regeneration of alternatives; selection of a solution
C) Direction setting; regeneration of alternatives; selection of a solution
D) Intelligence gathering; direction setting; selection of a solution
Q3) Compare and contrast programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions.
Q4) Explain the RAPID technique of decision making.
Q5) Describe the implication of ethics in decision making in a public service setting.
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Chapter 6: Motivation and Engagement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare Theory X and Theory Y and how they affect the modern workforce from Gen-X and Gen-Y.
Q2) Public service motivation may be understood as an individual's predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions and organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are perspectives of motivation:
A) Need theories, expectancy theories, goal-setting theories, and equity theories
B) Equity theories, need theories, equality theories, and goal-setting theories
C) Need theories, expectancy theories, manipulation theories, and goal-setting theories
D) Equity theories, equality theories, need theories, and expectancy theories
Q4) Aldefer suggested that Maslow's hierarchy may be collapsed from five levels to three types of needs:
A) Existence, relatedness, and dynamism
B) Existence, relatedness, and growth
C) Dynamism, relatedness, and growth
D) Existence, creation, and dynamism
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Chapter 7: Leadership in Public Organizations
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the countries which score _________ on power distance,subordinates are more likely to disagree with their leaders and desire a 'consultative style' of management.
A) Low
B) High
C) In the middle
D) None of the above
Q2) In earlier studies of leadership,factors such as age,height,weight,and appearance seemed to have everything to do with leadership.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fiedler identified two leadership styles: the __________-oriented leader (who is quite efficient and goal oriented)and the ______________- oriented leader (who derives satisfaction from successful interpersonal relationships).
A) Organization; team
B) Task; relationship
C) Success; relationship
D) Task; social
Q4) What is street-level leadership? How does it affect public policy?
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Chapter 8: Power and Organizational Politics
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38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In public organizations,legitimate power is often derived from people's positions or job titles.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ management is an attempt to influence how others perceive us.
A) Political
B) Power
C) Impression
D) None of the above
Q3) Is power a positive or destructive force? Does it vary based on the situation? Discuss,bringing in relevant examples where appropriate.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a dimension of political skill?
A) Social astuteness
B) Networking ability
C) Insincerity
D) Interpersonal influence
Q5) Compare and contrast the different sources or bases of power.
Q6) Power can be a double-edged sword.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Communicating Effectively With Others
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37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following specialized forms of communication involves identifying and addressing problems by determining and implementing courses of action through one-to-one communication with affected employees?
A) Personal counseling
B) Conducting effective meetings
C) Writing memos
D) Disciplining employees
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of supportive communication?
A) Problem oriented, not person oriented
B) Owned, not disowned
C) Two-way, not one-way
D) All of the above
Q3) Discuss some of the key issues to keep in mind when exploring the communication process.What are some potential pitfalls?
Q4) Supportive communication involves listening carefully and receiving feedback from the other person.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Working in Groups and Teams
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A team that is geographically disperse and relies on information technology to function is called a:
A) Virtual team
B) Dynamic team
C) Project team
D) Self-directed team
Q2) High performing teams are known for conflict avoidance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following types of teams serves the purpose of breaking down the barriers that exist in a hierarchical organization with a long history of division of labor and division of tasks?
A) Cross-functional teams
B) Self-directed work teams
C) Top management teams
D) Virtual teams
Q4) Once the process is clearly defined,it should be the responsibility of the team to control the process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Managing Conflict
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emotional reaction such as anger,hostility,frustration,pain,or anxiety is most likely to occur during which stage of conflict?
A) Frustration
B) Conceptualization
C) Behavior
D) Outcome
Q2) Until the 1940s,the role of the manager was to eliminate conflict in the workplace,usually by punishing the perceived initiators.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are considered the main types of conflicts encountered by public managers?
A) Intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and intragroup
B) Intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and team conflict
C) Intrapersonal, interpersonal, team, and generational
D) None of the above
Q4) Discuss the various sources of conflict.Which are easiest to resolve and which are the most difficult?
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Chapter 12: Organizational Change
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39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A manager who seeks organizational change by developing a dedication to the mission and values of the organization is an example of which of these themes:
A) Commitment to values
B) Dedication to public services
C) Pragmatic incrementalism
D) None of the above
Q2) ________ is what we describe when people ask us what ideas govern our actions.
A) Espoused theory
B) Theory-in-use
C) Spoken theory
D) Governing theory
Q3) Successful public managers hoping to lead change must:
A) Assess the organizations' environments and the need for change
B) Plan for change both strategically and pragmatically
C) Institutionalize the changes
D) All of the above
Q4) Organic structures are highly formalized,specialized,standardized,and centralized.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Representing the Organization on the Outside
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain Wikis,podcasts,and discussion forums.How can public agencies utilize these technologies? What type of communication is best for each technology? Discuss,providing relevant examples.
Q2) What is the first step in implementing a new information technology?
A) Develop metrics to evaluate the success of the application
B) Clearly define the goals and objectives of the application
C) Compare results to your objectives
D) Engage citizens and address short term issues
Q3) Discuss the relationships between public agencies and legislators.What are some guidelines to develop effective relationships?
Q4) The early use of technological applications by governments using the Internet were to:
A) Create a web presence
B) Provide interactive services
C) Receive input from the public
D) None of the above
Q5) Blogs should be used as another avenue for press releases.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Managing Behavior in the Public Interest
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can one manage organizational behavior in a manner that respects the rights of the individual,adheres to democratic principles,and engenders trust,commitment,and involvement?
Q2) Citizens,unlike business customers,are committed to matters that go beyond their short-term interests and are willing to assume ________ for what happens in their neighborhoods and communities.
A) Drawbacks
B) Costs
C) Personal responsibility
D) Jurisdictional challenges
Q3) Economic efficiencies may be created by privatizing and contracting out functions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Enhancing governmental performance should be considered within the normative context of non-democratic values.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the "new public service,and how it has evolved.
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