Leadership in Public and Nonprofit Organizations
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines the critical role of leadership in public and nonprofit organizations, focusing on the unique challenges and strategies required to effectively guide teams, manage resources, and drive mission-driven outcomes within these sectors. Students will explore various leadership theories and styles, ethical considerations, and practical skills such as decision-making, conflict resolution, and stakeholder engagement. Case studies and real-world examples are used to illustrate the complexities of leadership in diverse organizational settings, preparing students to become effective and adaptive leaders who can inspire positive change and navigate the dynamic environments of public and nonprofit institutions.
Recommended Textbook
Managing Human Behavior in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Fourth Edition by Robert B. Denhardt
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555 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior As a Way of Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following management functions involves presenting,explaining,selling,and defending the work unit's activities to the supervisor in the agency and to persons and groups outside of the agency?
A) Coordination
B) Representation
C) Leadership
D) Monitoring
Answer: B
Q2) Jason believes he should focus on the strength,resilience,and vitality of his workers.He is most likely influenced by which researcher?
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Martin Seligman
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Robert Waterman
Answer: B
Q3) Discuss the evolution of research and understanding about human behavior in an organizational context.Be sure to identify the factors that led to changes in understanding organizational behavior.
Answer: Varies
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Chapter 2: Knowing and Managing Yourself
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Sample Questions
Q1) Employees with ________ locus of control have ________ absenteeism and are ________ involved in work.
A) External, less, more
B) Internal, more, less
C) External, more, less
D) Internal, less, more
Answer: D
Q2) Jillian desires to climb to a leadership level in an organization so as to enable integration and coordination of the efforts of others.Which of the following is most likely her career anchor?
A) General Manager competence
B) Security/stability
C) Service/dedication to a cause
D) Autonomy/independence
Answer: A
Q3) Describe the different types of value orientations.How do these fit in with personal values? How might people's behavior change based on their value orientation? Discuss using relevant examples.
Answer: Varies
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Fostering Creativity and Innovation
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44 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is relatively easy to kill creativity in an organization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is a way to enhance positive emotions at work?
A) Providing background music
B) Humor
C) Meditation
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is not a step to generate an idea box?
A) Specify the purpose
B) List variations
C) Try combinations
D) Implement solutions
Answer: D
Q4) Anyone can be creative.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Managing Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) The word stress is derived from Latin word strictus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are four stages in the General Adaptation Syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In general,the jobs that are perceived to be most stressful are those in which the workers believe that they have:
A) The most control and responsibility
B) The least amount of control
C) A boss who offers minimal control
D) A boss who delegates all the control and responsibility
Q4) Which of the following may be considered primarily emotional coping strategies?
A) Smoking more
B) Getting angry
C) Confronting those responsible
D) Eating healthy
Q5) There are three stages in the General Adaptation Syndrome?
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of who should be involved in the decision making process,which of the following is not one of the methods?
A) Authoritative
B) Constructive
C) Group
D) Consultative
Q2) Decisions entail opportunity costs for paths not taken.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The decision roles should be determined by organization chart.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions.
Q5) The rational model approaches decision making:
A) With a complete regard for the holistic picture of human nature
B) With a complete disregard for the holistic picture of human nature
C) Neither regarding nor disregarding the holistic picture of human nature
D) None of the above
Q6) Compare and contrast the organizational process model and the governmental politics model of decision making.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Motivation and Engagement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Public service motivation may be understood as an individual's predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions and organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare Theory X and Theory Y and how they affect the modern workforce from Gen-X and Gen-Y.
Q3) People with high self-efficacy tend to:
A) Set reasonable goals and exceed expectations
B) Set high personal goals and to perform well
C) Set achievable goals and share their accomplishments
D) Set high goals and consistently do not achieve them
Q4) Maslow's needs-hierarchy is still relevant in the 21st century.Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Be sure to illustrate your discussion with relevant examples.
Q5) Equity theories present a model of motivation based on the notion of:
A) Organizational structure
B) Social exchange
C) Political relationships and ambiguity
D) Equitable relief
8
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Chapter 7: Leadership in Public Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fiedler identified two leadership styles: the __________-oriented leader (who is quite efficient and goal oriented)and the ______________- oriented leader (who derives satisfaction from successful interpersonal relationships).
A) Organization; team
B) Task; relationship
C) Success; relationship
D) Task; social
Q2) Which of the following are not characteristics of leadership?
A) A strong drive for responsibility and task completion
B) Creativity and originality in problem solving
C) A capacity for absorbing stress
D) An untenable positive approach
Q3) According to Gardner,what type of mind is able to bring together information and ideas from many different sources in a way that makes sense?
A) Disciplined
B) Ethical
C) Synthesizing
D) Creating
Q4) What is street-level leadership? How does it affect public policy?
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Chapter 8: Power and Organizational Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the stakes are ________ and resources are ________ power politics can be quite likely.
A) High; limited
B) Low; limited
C) High; unlimited
D) Low; unlimited
Q2) Simply having the positive regard and respect of others is a potential source of power.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sarah's boss tells her that the promotion she desires is contingent on whether she successfully completes an important project.What type of power is her boss exercising?
A) Expert power
B) Overt power
C) Managerial power
D) Covert power
Q4) Discuss how the views about power,workers,and organizations have changed and evolved over time.
Q5) Compare and contrast the different sources or bases of power.
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Chapter 9: Communicating Effectively With Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Body language is also known as:
A) Paralinguistics
B) Occulesics
C) Linguistics
D) Kinesics
Q2) The formal character of written communication is considered appropriate for all types of messages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Brenda often tries to make herself look good by making others look bad.This type of communication is known as:
A) One-upmanship
B) Falsehoods
C) Put-downs
D) Defensive
Q4) Detail the best practices for oral communication.When should it be used? When should it be avoided? Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
Q5) Discuss the components of supportive communication.Provide examples to support your discussion.
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Chapter 10: Working in Groups and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many teams members are recommended,according to your textbook?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 7
D) 10
Q2) A team that is geographically disperse and relies on information technology to function is called a:
A) Virtual team
B) Dynamic team
C) Project team
D) Self-directed team
Q3) Some of the more effective team building occurs on an informal basis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Without a commitment to achieving a goal or completing a task,a group is not a team.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss best practices for implementing teams.How can managers assure that implementing a team concept will be effective?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Managing Conflict
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jonathan is interested in his own position and views the world as a zero-sum game with winners and losers.What is most likely his approach to conflict?
A) Competition
B) Avoidance
C) Accommodation
D) Collaboration
Q2) According to the attribution theory of conflict,satisfied individuals are more likely to attribute the causes of their problems to flaws in other parties or in their situations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The more we ________ other people,the more ________ we will be of their motives in conflicts.
A) Trust; certain
B) Disappoint; uncertain
C) Trust; uncertain
D) Disappoint; certain
Q4) Discuss the common mistakes in negotiation.Why are good listening skills important in negotiations?
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Chapter 12: Organizational Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Force field analysis is a useful tool for evaluating a large number of interrelated forces and tracking their likely effects in the future.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Appreciative inquiry focuses on emphasizing the strengths in an organization rather than its weaknesses or "deficits."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explore the different efforts to conceptualize change and to suggest strategies for change.Discuss,providing relevant examples where appropriate.
Q4) Successful public managers hoping to lead change must:
A) Assess the organizations' environments and the need for change
B) Plan for change both strategically and pragmatically
C) Institutionalize the changes
D) All of the above
Q5) OD represents a particular philosophy.According to Golemniewski (1972)what values are included in this philosophy?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Representing the Organization on the Outside
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the first step in implementing a new information technology?
A) Develop metrics to evaluate the success of the application
B) Clearly define the goals and objectives of the application
C) Compare results to your objectives
D) Engage citizens and address short term issues
Q2) Explain Wikis,podcasts,and discussion forums.How can public agencies utilize these technologies? What type of communication is best for each technology? Discuss,providing relevant examples.
Q3) Managers throughout public organizations today are unlikely to be called on to represent their organizations externally.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following types of technologically based communications methods can be used to answer questions about services,obtain input from citizens,and allow for citizen-to-citizen interaction?
A) Discussion forums
B) RSS
C) Podcast
D) Social networking
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Chapter 14: Managing Behavior in the Public Interest
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Sample Questions
Q1) Economic efficiencies may be created by privatizing and contracting out functions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Policies and programs meeting public needs can be achieved most effectively and responsibly through ________ and ________.
A) Power; jurisdiction
B) Collective efforts; collaborative processes
C) Empowerment; collective input
D) Decision making; authority
Q3) The public interest is the result of a dialogue about shared values rather than the ________ of individual self-interests.
A) Assertion
B) Expansion
C) Reduction
D) Aggregation
Q4) If productivity is the key that propels an organization into profitability,why is it that in the new public service,we should value people and not just productivity?
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