Leadership in Organizations
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Leadership in Organizations explores the theories, principles, and practical applications of leadership within various organizational contexts. The course examines diverse leadership styles, the dynamics of team and group leadership, motivation, decision-making, ethical challenges, and transformational change. Students will analyze real-world case studies, develop self-awareness of their leadership strengths and areas for growth, and learn strategies for effectively leading diverse teams. Emphasis is placed on understanding how culture, power, communication, and organizational structure influence leadership effectiveness and outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Management 10th Edition by Richard L. Daft
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The World of Innovative Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A manager forwards information to other organization members in the disseminator role.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3)
Fayol'sunityofcommandprincipleemphasizesthateachsubordinatereceivesordersfromon e,andonlyonesuperior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) According to Fayol,similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.This administrative principle is known as _____.
Answer: unity of direction
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Chapter 2: The Environment and Corporate Culture
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Q1) The _____ environment includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions within the organization.
Answer: task
Q2) When Miami Herald launches a Spanish-language newspaper,El Nuevo Herald,with articles emphasizing Hispanic,Cuban,and Latin American news and sports,it is responding to changes in _____ environment.
A)sociocultural
B)technological
C)economic
D)supply chain
E)geographic
Answer: A
Q3) Labor market forces affecting organizations right now include the growing need for computer-literate knowledge workers and the necessity for continuous investment in human resources through recruitment,education,and training.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Managing in a Global Environment
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Q1) Identify and briefly explain at least two key factors in economic,sociocultural,and political-legal environments that affect an organization.
Answer: not answer
Q2) Because of cheap labor,most international business firms are headquartered in the less developed countries of Asia and South America.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The Digitec company has recently decided to design and manufacture a laptop that retails for under $50,in an effort to make information technology available to people in places like rural Africa and rural India.This is known as what type of strategy?
A)Bottom of the pyramid strategy
B)Skimming the barrel strategy
C)Cream of the crop strategy
D)Top of the peak strategy
E)Base price strategy
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility
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Q1) _____ justice requires that rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced.
Q2) Principle-based statements define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities,quality of products,and treatment of employees.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A(n)_____ is any group within or outside the organization that has an interest or investment in the organization's performance.
Q4) At the _____ level of personal moral development,individuals are most concerned with external rewards and punishments.
Q5) Define ethics and explain how the domain of ethics relates to law and free choice.
Q6) The _____ approach to economic responsibility means that economic gain is the only social responsibility and can lead companies into trouble.
Q7) List the four responsibilities of corporate social performance.
Q8) List three of the six moral rights that should be considered during decision making.
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Chapter 5: Planning and Goal Setting
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of MBO?
A)Performance can be improved at all company levels.
B)Employees are motivated.
C)Efforts are focused on activities that will lead to goal attainment.
D)Operational goals are able to displace strategic goals.
E)Individual and department goals are aligned with company goals.
Q2) Which of these is true about the cash cow?
A)It generates tremendous profits in a rapidly growing industry.
B)It has a small market share in a rapidly growing industry.
C)It has a small market share in a slow growth industry.
D)It has a large market share in a slow growth industry.
E)It is generally a dead business that should be divested.
Q3) In the BCG matrix,the dog has _____ market share and _____ business growth rate.
Q4) Goals that define the outcomes that major departments must achieve in order for the organization to reach its overall goals are known as _____ goals.
Q5) Trend management is looking at trends and discontinuities and imagining possible alternative futures.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Managerial Decision Making
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Q1) All of the following are cognitive biases that can affect manager's judgment,except:
A)being influenced by initial impressions.
B)justifying past decisions.
C)seeing what you don't want to see.
D)perpetuating the status quo.
E)overconfidence.
Q2) _____ is the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity of gaining an increased payoff.
Q3) As a top manager,Joanna works with others within her team every day in making important corporate decisions.Her preferred decision-making approach is to generate as many alternatives to problems as possible in a short amount of time.This approach is referred to as:
A)groupthink.
B)devil's advocacy.
C)point-counterpoint.
D)escalating commitment.
E)brainstorming.
Q4) Briefly describe the four major personal decision styles.
Q5) A(n)_____ is a choice made from available alternatives.
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Chapter 7: Designing Organization Structure
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Q1) The pure functional structure is appropriate for achieving internal efficiency goals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aspects of both functional and divisional structures simultaneously in the same part of the organization are combined in the virtual network approach.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jacob,a customer service representative for AB Retailers,has seven levels of management between himself and the company's CEO.In contrast,his friend Rhonda,a customer service representative for YZ Retailers,has only four levels of management between her and the company CEO.Compared to YZ,Jacob's company has what type of organizational structure?
A)Narrow
B)Wide
C)Flat
D)Tall
E)Identical
Q4) What is(are)the difference(s)between cross-functional and permanent teams?
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Chapter 8: Managing Change and Innovation
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Q1) Describe the tactics for overcoming resistance to change.
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of the large-group intervention model?
A)Results in incremental change
B)Learning for the small group
C)Addresses the entire system
D)Gradual time frame
E)Limited distribution
Q3) In the unfreezing step,participants must be made aware of problems and be willing to change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the concept of force-field analysis.
Q5) Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) _____ means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.
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Chapter 9: Managing Human Resources and Diversity
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Q1) Hiring and keeping quality employees is one of the most urgent concerns for today's organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List and describe the five forms of sexual harassment.
Q3) The belief that one's own group or subculture is inherently superior to other groups or cultures is known as _____.
Q4) All of the following are current strategic issues of particular concern to managers,except:
A)hiring the right people to become more competitive on a global basis.
B)hiring the right people for improving quality, innovation, and customer service.
C)hiring the right people to become more competitive on a local basis.
D)knowing the right people to retain during mergers and acquisitions.
E)hiring the right people to apply new information technology for e-business.
Q5) The traditional dimension of diversity can be acquired or changed throughout one's lifetime.
A)True B)False
Q6) Define discrimination and affirmative action.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Understanding Individual Behavior
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Q1) Explain the Big Five personality factors.Are these applicable in an international context?
Q2) Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking.Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?
A)Perceptual defense
B)Projection
C)Stereotyping
D)The halo effect
E)Figure-ground
Q3) Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic,capable of lying to achieve personal goals,more likely to win in win-lose situations,and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.
A)high introverted individuals
B)high authoritarians
C)high Machs
D)low extroverted individuals
E)low Machs
Q4) Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization is called ______.
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Chapter 11: Leadership
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Q1) Andy's subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but to believe in their own potential as well.Based on this example,Andy can best be described as what type of leader?
A)Transformational
B)Servant
C)Authentic
D)Transactional
E)Interactive
Q2) According to the Leadership Grid,_____ means the absence of a management philosophy,where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.
A)solitary management
B)middle-of-the-road management
C)low-road management
D)authority-compliance management
E)impoverished management
Q3) A contingency approach to leadership that links the leader's behavioral style with the task readiness of subordinates is called the _____.
Q4) Power that results from the authority to reward others is called _____.
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Chapter 12: Motivating Employees
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Q1) Behavioral science research has shown that people typically respond more strongly to a potential gain,such as a financial reward,than to a potential loss,such as a financial penalty.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ are the most basic human physical needs,including food,water,and oxygen.
Q3) Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?
A)Process
B)Reinforcement
C)Content
D)Contingency
E)Situational
Q4) Explain employee growth-need strength and its relationship to the job characteristics model.
Q5) According to Herzberg,_____ is an example of a hygiene factor.
A)achievement
B)recognition
C)pay
D)responsibility
E)opportunity for growth
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Managing Communication
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Q1) _____ channels are those that flow within the chain of command or task responsibility defined by the organization.
Q2) To _____ a message is to select the symbols used to compose a message.
Q3) Describe the concept of channel richness,specify the richest channel,and explain why it is so rich.
Q4) To be effective communicators,managers should:
A)focus primarily on enhancing downward communication in the organization.
B)enhance lateral communication opportunities by encouraging teams.
C)limit use of communication technology.
D)strictly push for face-to-face communication.
E)encourage the use of multiple channels of communication.
Q5) Procedures and practices are downward communication topics that define the organization's rules,regulations,benefits,and structural arrangements.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In a(n)_____ network,individuals can communicate freely with other team members.
Q7) List the three formal communication channels found in organizations.
Q9) List the five types of upward communication. Page 15
Q8) Briefly describe the communication process.
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Leading Teams
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Q1) Two common behaviors of the socioemotional role are energizing and encouraging.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____ style to handle conflict involves a low degree of assertiveness and a high degree of cooperation.
Q3) List the five stages of team development.
Q4) A common dysfunction of teams is the presence of conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Tamika is a manager at Sleeveless Clothes,Inc.Recently,she was assigned a work team.She is in charge of the team and it consists of the subordinates under her authority.This is an example of a _____ team.
A)horizontal
B)functional
C)self-managed
D)special-purpose
E)social
Q6) The term _____ refers to a team member who attains benefit from team membership but does not do a proportionate share of the work.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Managing Quality and Performance
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Q1) Discuss open-book management and the balanced scorecard.
Q2) The implementation of total quality management involves the use of many techniques such as quality circles,benchmarking,Six Sigma principles,reduced cycle time,and continuous improvement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The final step of the feedback control model is to do nothing if performance is adequate or to take corrective action if performance is inadequate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A quality circle is a group of _____ volunteer employees.
A)2 to 4
B)6 to 12
C)10 to 20
D)15 to 25
E)30 to 50
Q5) The implementation of a large number of small,incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis is referred to as _____.
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