Law, Justice, and Society in Canada Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationships between law, justice, and society in the Canadian context. Students will examine how legal systems reflect and shape social values, identities, and power structures while considering the historical development and contemporary function of Canadian law. Topics include the role of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Indigenous legal traditions, the impact of social movements on legal change, and issues of equity, diversity, and reconciliation. Through critical analysis of case studies and current events, students develop a nuanced understanding of how law both responds to and influences issues of justice and social order in Canada.
Recommended Textbook
Walk a Mile A Journey Towards Justice and Equity in Canadian Society 2nd Edition by Theresa
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Anzovino
Chapter 1: Diversity, Oppression, and Privilege
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give a real-world example to demonstrate the difference between equality and equity.
Answer: Answers will vary.Any example should demonstrate that equality means same and social equity means that everyone has what is right for them.An example could be as follows: you play on a softball team and everyone gets a size large shirt verses the team manager asking each player what size they would like and ordering what they want.
Q2) A group of women came to a clothing redistribution centre and were all given a pre-packaged bag of clothes.This is an example of equality.A second group of women went to a different centre and were asked what they were looking for and were given clothing specific to their needs.What is this an example of?
A)equanimity
B)equity
C)undeserved justice
D)redistributive justice
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Forms of Oppression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heterosexism is the belief in the natural superiority of heterosexuality as a way of life, and therefore, its logical right to dominance.What is this form of oppression an example of?
A)exploitation
B)institutionalized discrimination
C)systemic discrimination
D)cultural imperialism
Answer: D
Q2) A company manages a mixed-income residential building in which more than 50% of the tenants are designated as rent-stabilized.The company announced last week that access to the building's new fitness centre would be limited to market-rate tenants only.What type of discrimination is the segregation of lower-income tenants an example of?
A)racism
B)sexism
C)classism
D)ageism
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Social Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to OXFAM, the richest 20% of the world's population received 84% of the resources, and the remaining 80% received just 5.5%.What are these statistics evidence of?
A)individual social inequality
B)national social inequality
C)provincial social inequality
D)global social inequality
Answer: D
Q2) According to a 2016 UNICEF report comparing overall child poverty rates in 35 industrialized countries, how does Canada rank when it comes to providing for the well-being of its children?
A)1st
B)5th
C)26th
D)30th
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mathias identifies and feels like a man; however, he does not hold traditionally masculine stereotypes, nor does he necessarily enjoy wearing traditionally masculine clothes or participating in traditionally masculine hobbies.This is an example of the difference between gender identity and what?
A)gender fluidity
B)gender neutrality
C)gender expression
D)gender stereotype
Q2) Recently the hashtag #metoo went viral on the Internet and involved many women coming forward and disclosing that they had similarly experienced violence.What kind of violence was #metoo focused on?
A)intimate partner violence
B)sexual violence
C)violence in the media
D)emotional violence
Q3) Explain the difference between gender identity and gender expression.
Q4) How do media contribute to the notions of gender roles? What is being done to change this?
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Chapter 5: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some school's sexual education curriculum does not address anything other than heterosexual relationships, and offers only abstinence as a form of birth control.What is this an example of?
A)cultural scripts
B)sexual scripts
C)interpersonal scripts
D)intrapsychic scripts
Q2) What percentage of Ontarians disapproved of the recent curriculum changes?
A)15%
B)25%
C)36%
D)40%
Q3) "Human Development and Sexual Health" falls under the Healthy Living sections of school curriculum.What percentage of the curriculum overall does it account for?
A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%
Q4) What impact has technology had on intimate relationships?
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Chapter 6: Race and Racialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Defence lawyers in Canadian hate crime cases often point to Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Section 2 of the Charter guarantees freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression.How has the Supreme Court of Canada ruled on this matter?
A)Freedom of speech can be limited by law to address the problem of hate speech. B)Freedom of speech cannot be limited by law except in the most extreme circumstances.
C)Section 2 of the Charter nullifies Sections 318 and 319 of the Canadian Criminal Code. D)Section 2 of the Charter prevents the conviction of persons charged with the wilful promotion of hatred.
Q2) Which researcher did NOT use racial and ethnic categories to suggest a hierarchy in abilities and attributes?
A)Samuel Morton
B)Peter Sandiford
C)Phillippe Rushton
D)David Suzuki
Q3) What is meant by the term "colourblindness"? How can using this term worsen injustices?
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Chapter 7: Indigenous Peoples
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Chapter 7's "In Their Shoes" feature, the author discusses the impact that residential schools had on Indigenous peoples.What is the author trying to make readers understand?
A)The abuses that were sustained by the students impacted them and also the generations that followed.
B)The abuses were not as bad as what was reported because her grandmother said they were not.
C)Healing has begun and soon the impact of the residential schools will no longer affect Indigenous people.
D)The abuses experienced have left lasting scars on those that attended.
Q2) A formal hearings process was part of the court-appointed Residential Schools Settlement Agreement between legal counsel for former students, legal counsel for the churches, the government of Canada, the Assembly of First Nations, and other Aboriginal organizations.What was this process called?
A)The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
B)The Ipperwash Inquest
C)The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
D)The Royal Proclamation on Aboriginal Rights
Q3) Explain the significance of the Medicine Wheel in Indigenous traditions.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Immigration
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in 2016, how many registered Syrian refugees are there?
A)more than 3,800,000
B)more than 4,000,000
C)more than 4,400,000
D)more than 4,800,000
Q2) Van was a doctor in Vietnam and has immigrated to Canada.The only job she could get in Canada was in a fast food restaurant.Which major settlement issue for internationally trained immigrants is this an example of?
A)community integration
B)credential recognition
C)language training
D)family reunification
Q3) During the Great Depression and World War II, what happened to the active recruitment of new immigrants to Canada?
A)It ended for all groups of people.
B)It ended for all groups except those from Britain and the United States.
C)It increased for all groups that were Canada's allies during the war.
D)It remained stable compared to the previous decade.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Multiculturalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of hyphenated identities, such as Japanese-Canadian and Italian-Canadian, personifies an ideal of multiculturalism-that recognized diverse groups can exist within a single peaceful society.What is this ideal called?
A)cultural relativism
B)assimilation
C)bilingualism
D)cultural pluralism
Q2) Indira and Rajesh Singh moved to Canada from India.They bought a house in Brampton, Ontario, which has a large South Asian population.What might be one disadvantage for the Singhs of living in this ethnic enclave?
A)It gives them familiar features of their home country.
B)It delivers culturally competent civic services to residents.
C)It results in them being segregated from Canadian society.
D)It facilitates their acculturation.
Q3) Which statement best describes the universal definition of multiculturalism?
A)It is the movement toward inclusion of all people.
B)It is acceptance of people's traditions, customs and cultures.
C)It includes freedom and rights for all.
D)There is no one universal definition.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the main components of religious accommodations.
Q2) Generally, what are the most commonly requested accommodations in the workplace?
A)dress, holidays, and prohibiting certain foods on the premise
B)holidays, break times, and dress
C)break times, no displays of religious affiliations
D)prayer rooms, paid holidays, and dress
Q3) Which of the following is covered by the Policy on Creed and Accommodation of Religious Observances?
A)requesting time off to attend a political rally
B)requesting four days off to observe a religious holiday that is two days
C)requesting to wear a headscarf in a workplace that deems head attire inappropriate business attire
D)requesting to take a three-hour lunch for religious purposes
Q4) What are the changing religious demographics in Canada? What are some of the contributing factors?
Q5) Between 1991 and 2001, which religious group in Canada doubled in size?
A)Jewish
B)Muslim
C)Buddhist
D)Sikh
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Chapter 11: Ability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canada has adopted a number of laws to ensure that people with disabilities are able to fully participate in society and are protected against discrimination, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.The adoption of these laws is an example of which disability perspective?
A)functional limitations
B)socio-economic
C)social inclusion
D)legal rights
Q2) University XYZ is advertising a doctoral program in physical therapy that gives students the education they need to work with patients who have been functionally impaired from injuries or disease.The perspective used in this program is defined as which of the following?
A)functional limitations
B)socio-economic
C)social inclusion
D)legal rights
Q3) Explain the four principles of accessible education that Universal Design focuses on.
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Chapter 12: Age
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Jonathan's grandmother, Barb, recently got a cellphone.She is often asking Jonathan for help using it because she finds learning this new technology frustrating.Jonathan is often annoyed with having to explain the functions of the cellphone to his grandmother and believes that because of her age she will not ever be able to properly use her cellphone without support.What is Jonathan's belief about his grandmother an example of?
A)systemic ageism
B)cultural greywashing
C)resistance of aging
D)principle of equity
Q2) The motto "Work to live, rather than live to work" characterizes which generation?
A)Baby Boomers
B)Generation X
C)Generation Y
D)Generation Z
Q3) Compare and contrast two different generations.
Q4) Explain the different forms of elder abuse.
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Chapter 13: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which international agreement establishes strict standards for international adoptions, such as ensuring that birth parents have truly given their consent and have not been paid, and that efforts have been made to find the child a permanent home in his or her country of origin?
A)International Convention on the Rights of Adoptive Children
B)Convention on the Rights of the Child
C)Hague Convention
D)Geneva Convention
Q2) Marc and Selma are having difficulty getting pregnant.They decide to consult a fertility specialist, who suggests the most common form of artificial insemination.Which of the following would she suggest?
A)in vitro fertilization
B)surrogacy
C)artificial insemination
D)intra-uterine insemination
Q3) Traditionally, men were the head of the house.As society has evolved, so have the roles assigned to both men and women.Describe some of the changes to traditional gender roles.
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