Law and Society Test Questions
Course Introduction
Law and Society explores the intricate relationship between legal systems and the social environments in which they operate. This course examines how laws reflect and shape societal values, norms, and institutions, and how legal decisions impact individuals and communities. Students will engage with theories and case studies that illustrate the reciprocal influence between law and society, considering issues such as social justice, inequality, cultural change, and the role of legal actors. Through interdisciplinary perspectives, the course encourages critical analysis of how legal frameworks respond to, and sometimes perpetuate, social challenges in both historical and contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology A Candian Perspective 8th Edition by Rick Linden
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Chapter 1: Crime, Criminals, and Criminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Everyone believes that stealing goes against our belief in private ownership." Within which of the following approaches to crime does this view fall?
A)green criminology
B)class conflict perspective
C)human rights criminology
D)consensus perspective
Answer: D
Q2) In Canada most people would argue that mass murder is wrong,but there is little agreement over the issue of using marijuana.This statement reflects which dimension of Hagan's typology of crime and deviance?
A)the severity of the society's response to the act
B)the assessment of the degree of harm of the act
C)the degree of consensus that an act is wrong
D)the accuracy of the belief systems
Answer: C
Q3) Most Canadians learn about crime through the media.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Social Context of Dispute Settlement and the Rise of Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada in recent years,the federal government has focused overwhelmingly on crimes committed by marginalized individuals,with much less attention to crimes committed by corporations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Under capitalism,which of the following was used to maintain social relationships?
A)customs
B)parliament
C)kinship
D)contracts
Answer: D
Q3) In a small-scale society,the power of advisors who settle disputes is based on which of the following?
A)hereditary position
B)ability to enforce compliance
C)moral authority
D)connection to kin on both sides of the dispute
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following crimes does NOT require proof of objective mens rea?
A)murder
B)dangerous driving
C)assault causing bodily harm
D)criminal negligence causing death or bodily harm
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the only time the courts do NOT require proof of any consequences of a criminal act?
A)in the case of ignorance of the law
B)in the case of an omission
C)in the case of contempt of court
D)in the case of perjury
Answer: D
Q3) Procuring,soliciting or inciting another person to commit at crime all fall under which of the legal terms?
A)actual offence
B)conspiracy to commit an offence
C)criminal attempt
D)counselling an offence
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Counting Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crimes known to the police will always be biased by inconsistencies in reporting & recording.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person steals money from a victim,assaults the victim,locks the victim in a car trunk and drives him to a remote field,and finally kills the victim,all during the same incident.Which of these crimes actually is counted in the UCR system?
A)the theft
B)the assault
C)the kidnapping
D)the homicide
Q3) The "dark figure of crime" refers to which of the following?
A)the total number of all violent offences combined
B)the amount of crime that is unreported or unknown
C)the statistical weighting of violent offences for the crime severity index
D)the statistics on organized crime in Canada
Q4) In research,reliability refers to the consistency of results over time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Correlates of Criminal Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research,which of the following is NOT true about the relationship between substance abuse and crime?
A)Use of illicit drugs strongly correlates with street crime.
B)There is not a high rate of criminal offenders in prison with substance abuse problems because most are diverted to community-based drug treatment programs.
C)There is a high rate of criminal offenders in prison with substance abuse problems.
D)There is a direct link between substance use and criminal behaviour.
Q2) There are three variations of structural theories on the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people within the Canadian criminal justice system.Identify and summarize each of these variations.
Q3) Which of the following regions of Canada has the highest crime rate as measured by the Crime Severity Index?
A)the Northwest Territories
B)Western Canada
C)Central Canada
D)Atlantic Canada
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Chapter 6: Feminism and Criminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following approaches to the study of criminality assumes that differences in the nature and scope of offending between men and women are biologically based?
A)liberal
B)mainstream
C)conservative
D)feminist
Q2) The cultural construction of rape refers to the different ways rape is perpetrated in different cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the main critiques of conservative theories of women and crime is that they failed to consider how the structured features of society prescribe gendered roles for men and women.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why are aboriginal women overrepresented among criminal offenders? What theories can be applied to better understand this overrepresentation?
Q5) Describe the role of the law in condoning violence against women.
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Chapter 7: Victimology, Victim Services, and Victim Rights in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the criticisms of the federal government in Canada in its approach to crime victims is that it has not established an ombudsman to advocate on behalf of victims.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Financial loss is the only harm that is considered in relation to the victims of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the criticisms of police in Canada is that they do not provide sufficient information to victims of crime on what services are available to them to help deal with the aftermath of a crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Rape crisis centres were some of the first services established for victims of crimes. A)True
B)False
Q5) What have been some of the criticism of government initiatives to help the victims of crime in Canada?
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Chapter 8: Early Theories of Criminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best represents the contribution of the Neoclassical School of Criminology?
A)It used classical Greek philosophy to inform theories of criminality and criminal justice.
B)It helped usher in greater flexibility in the justice system,especially in sentencing offenders.
C)It introduced the use of statistical data gathering and analysis into criminology.
D)It demonstrated how biological factors can interact with social factors to produce criminals.
Q2) Positive theorists believed that crime was caused largely by social factors,such as poverty.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the methodology that Lombroso used to test this theory of criminality.Provide a critique of Lombroso's methodology and this overall approach to explaining crime.
Q4) What are some of the critiques and limitations of the Classical School of crime?
Q5) Explain how elites used religious ideas to combat challenges to their power.
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Chapter 9: Psychological Perspectives on Criminality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the essential feature of the American Psychiatric Association's definition of the Antisocial Personality Disorder?
A)the inability to maintain close friendships with age-appropriate peers
B)a facade of charm masking emotional coolness
C)violence perpetrated against others
D)pervasive disregard for the rights of others
Q2) Which of the following does Hare refer to as "the single most important clinical construct in the criminal justice system"?
A)NCRMD
B)extraversion
C)psychopathy
D)incarcerated populations
Q3) Which of the following factors is a principal focus of psychological theories of criminality?
A)the offender's social environment
B)the offender's personality
C)the offender's biological and genetic make-up
D)the offender's physical health
Q4) Describe and critically analyze Eysenck's theory of crime and personality.
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Chapter 10: Strain Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following theorists originally adapted Durkheim's theory of anomie to America to explain the emergence of crime?
A)Merton
B)Merlin
C)Cloward
D)Sutherland
Q2) According to Chapter 10,strain is more likely to lead to delinquency if the strain is perceived as unjust by the individual.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concept of anomie is central to the theories of which of these social scientists?
A)Durkheim
B)Kobrin
C)Cloward
D)Weber
Q4) Outline the basic assumptions of Merton's strain theory.Describe how Merton's original theory was applied to America to explain crime in that country.
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Chapter 11: Conflict Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term does Sellin use to describe the "conduct norms" embodied in the criminal law that represent the values of the dominant group?
A)dominant conduct norms
B)institutionalized conduct norms
C)cultural conflict
D)criminal norms
Q2) According to Sellin's cultural conflict theory,criminal norms refer to the norms that predominate among criminal offenders
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Sellin,what is the expression of culture conflict when individuals who act based on the conduct norms of their own cultural group find themselves in violation of the conduct norms that the dominant group has enacted into law?
A)a crime
B)an act of the cultural resistance
C)an indiscretion
D)an institutionalized conduct norm
Q4) Outline the main assumptions of Quinney's conflict theory of crime.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Contemporary Critical Criminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) For critical criminologists,vengeance is by far the most commonplace understanding of justice.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What social theorist complained that criminology's "garrulous discourse" and "endless repetitions" relieved judges and police officers of their guilt for delivering pain and suffering on the guilty?
A)Bourdieu
B)Foucault
C)Derrida
D)Agamben
Q3) The influence of Beck's concept of the risk society on critical criminology is that social problems become risks to be managed,not solved.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Foucauldian notion of power is exclusively negative and repressive.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what it means to be "critical" in critical criminology.
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Chapter 13: Interactionist Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which category of deviant behaviour does Lemert place alcoholism and drug addiction?
A)self-defeating and self-perpetuating deviance
B)self-enhancing and self-perpetuating deviance
C)adjusted pathological deviance
D)unadjusted pathological deviance
Q2) Secondary deviation occurs with little change in the individual's everyday routine or lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) American studies on the drift toward deviance among youth are generally not applicable to Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define and describe the concept of labelling within the context of interactionist theories.What are the consequences of labelling for the lives of young people who may be involved in delinquent activities?
Q5) Describe the concept of drift in relation to juvenile delinquents and provide some hypothetical illustrative examples.
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Chapter 14: Social Control Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Reiss,which of the following does not represent a social control?
A)ties to one's family
B)ties to one's neighbourhood
C)ties to one's job
D)ties to one's school
Q2) Which of the following is the name of the social bond that denotes why we refrain from crime because we don't want to hurt or embarrass people we like?
A)attachment to others
B)socialization within a stable family
C)involvement in conventional activities
D)commitment to conformity
Q3) According to Thrasher,gangs arise in all the following except one.Which is that exception?
A)in the socially disorganized suburbs
B)along economic and ecological boundaries
C)where there are breaks in structure of social organization
D)in deteriorated city slums characterized by physical deterioration
Q4) Describe and analyze Ivan Nye's social control theories.What were his two main contributions to social control theory?
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Chapter 15: Deterrence, Routine Activity, and Rational
Choice Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contradicts rational choice theory?
A)Most criminal offenders are rational decision makers when selecting targets.
B)Most criminal offenders are irrational decision makers when selecting targets.
C)Short-term costs and benefits are more important in the minds of offenders compared with the long-term repercussions of their actions.
D)Criminal behaviour is purposive behaviour.
Q2) Which of the following is not a category of crime facilitators discussed in the textbook?
A)physical facilitator
B)social facilitator
C)chemical facilitator
D)psychological facilitator
Q3) Describe Project Hope and the main results of its evaluation.What implications does this project have for individualized deterrence?
Q4) Durlauf and Nagin's 2011 review of the research showed that long prison sentences do not necessarily serve as a deterrent to crime.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contradicts what the textbook says is the current state of organized crime in Canada?
A)There is a decreasing diversity of criminal groups.
B)The number of criminal groups is increasing.
C)Modern organized crime is increasingly characterizes as a fluid network of individuals.
D)Ethnicity is no longer the main binding force for organized crime groups.
Q2) Explain the strengths and weaknesses of applying economic theory to understanding underground markets and organized crime.
Q3) How can organized crime be differentiated from unorganized crimes?
Q4) Outlaw motorcycle gangs are a good example of ethnic succession theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following can be classified as both a predatory and a consensual crime associated with organized crime?
A)theft
B)the counterfeiting of consumer products
C)extortion
D)government fraud
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Chapter 17: Corporate and White-Collar Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook,what were the most widely publicized cases of unprofessional conduct in recent years?
A)falsification of research findings by academics
B)malpractice by doctors
C)cars sold with major defects
D)sexual abuse by members of the clergy
Q2) Table 17.1 of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime.Which of the following is NOT considered a crime by organization against its employees?
A)Ponzi schemes
B)violation of workplace health and safety laws
C)violation of labour laws
D)discriminatory employment practices
Q3) What is the name for one of the crimes perpetrated by Enron,Worldcom,and Nortel?
A)auditor fraud
B)accounting fraud
C)Ponzi scheme
D)insider trading
Q4) Describe the concept of white-collar crime and explain its impact on the discipline of criminology.
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Chapter 18: Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast cybercrime with cyber terrorism.
Q2) Describe how cyberdeviance often encompasses one or more of the traditional offline paraphilias.Identify three examples of traditional (offline)paraphilias and describe how they have been adapted to the online world.
Q3) Cyberbullying Reporter employed critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to aggressive or antisocial online exchanges.What was the purpose of this exercise?
A)to identify individuals involved in cybercrime
B)to identify the type of techniques used to commit cybercrimes
C)to identify the frequency of different cybercrimes
D)to identify a common bullying and harassment lexicon
Q4) Describe the cybercrimes of phishing,ripping,and skimming.Identify at least two characteristics they share and two characteristics that make each distinct from one another.
Q5) Cyberdeviance rarely encompasses one or more of the traditional offline paraphilias.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20