Law and Society
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Law and Society explores the complex relationship between legal systems and the broader social forces that shape, and are shaped by, law. The course examines how laws emerge from social needs and values, how they influence behavior and social order, and how they are interpreted, applied, and challenged within different cultures and communities. Through interdisciplinary perspectives including sociology, anthropology, and political science students analyze topics such as justice, inequality, power dynamics, and the impact of law on everyday life, encouraging critical reflection on the role of law in promoting social change and maintaining social control.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Delinquency The Core 4th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
1050 Verified Questions
1050 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Childhood and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a famous 1827 case, a duke's children were taken away from him in the name and interest of parens patriae, because:
A)he was widowed
B)he was not able to control the children
C)his scandalous behavior
D)his inability to support his family
Answer: C
Q2) Transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution is called _____________.
Answer: waiver (also bindover or removal)
Q3) A family style wherein the father is the final authority on all family matters and exercises complete control over his wife and children is:
A)paternalistic
B)maternalistic
C)egalitarian
D)matriarchal
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Official arrest statistics indicate that European American youths are arrested for a disproportionate share of arson and alcohol-related violations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The UCR uses three methods to express crime data. Which of the following is not one of these three methods?
A)The actual number of crimes reported to the police and arrests made.
B)The actual number of crimes for which the suspects were convicted.
C)The FBI computes crime rates per 100,000 people.
D)The FBI computes changes in the number and rate of crime over time.
Answer: B
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is not a childhood risk factor for persistent delinquency?
A)parental psychopathology
B)low intelligence
C)small family size
D)neighborhood disadvantage
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency: Choice and Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research which links antisocial behavior to a person's diet draws from which theoretical perspective?
A)biosocial theories
B)choice theory c behaviorism
C)personality trait theory
Answer: A
Q2) _______________________ theory views crime as a "normal" function modern living.
A)Social control
B)Social learning
C)Trait
D)Routine activities
Answer: D
Q3) A guiding principle of ____________________ is that the choice to commit delinquent acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment.
A)general deterrence
B)specific deterrence
C)restorative justice
D)retribution
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hirschi argues that the social bond a person maintains with society contains four main elements. List and discuss these four elements.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the principles of restorative justice?
A)victims, offenders, and communities are the key stakeholders not the justice system
B)victims and communities suffer from crime and they need to be restored C)offenders have an obligation to make amends and they should do so voluntarily D)offenders should be removed from the community as punishment for their misdeeds
Q3) Though national dropout rates are in decline, European American students have little more than a 50:50 chance of finishing high school with a diploma.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Social control theories see delinquency as the result of:
A)the poor and the rich living in close physical proximity to one another
B)living in an area with weakened community institutions
C)an individual having weakened bonds to family, school, and peers
D)a failure to achieve positive goals in life
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life
Course and Latent Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and compare the two types of developmental theories discussed in the text.
Q2) A person with high self control is not likely to:
A)study martial arts
B)compare colleges to attend
C)use inhalants and smoke pot
D)tutor fellow students
Q3) Latent trait theories assume a physical or psychological trait makes some people delinquency-prone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The social development model contends that an impulsive personality is the key to delinquency.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Gottfredson and Hirschi attribute propensity to commit crimes to an adolescent's level of __________________.
Q6) Compare and contrast authority conflict, covert, and overt pathways to a delinquent career. Provide examples of each.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Gender and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler argued that female delinquency would be affected by:
A)male supremacy
B)the cognitive development of girls
C)particular female traits
D)the changing roles of women
Q2) In 1925, Cyril Burt:
A)found that females are more aggressive than males.
B)linked female delinquency to menstruation.
C)found no association between female delinquency and menstruation.
D)found the majority of females who experience menstruation related anxiety engage in crime.
Q3) In 2008, of the 900 juveniles arrested for murder, only _____ were female.
A)25
B)65
C)213
D)309
Q4) Early criminologists viewed the female offender as an aberration who engaged in crimes that usually had a _________________ connotation.
Q5) Identify and discuss the masculinity hypothesis.
Q6) Early theorists linked _______________ sexuality to female criminality.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Family and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that children growing up in broken homes were less adjusted than children growing up in homes with high levels of conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q2) C. Henry Kempe of the University of Colorado coined the term "battered child syndrome."
A)True B)False
Q3) In a 1992 case, _____________________, the Supreme Court ruled that the state's attorney is required neither to produce young victims at trial nor to demonstrate the reason why they were unavailable to serve as witnesses.
A)Tinker v. Maryland
B)McDonald v. New Hampshire
C)White v. Illinois
D)Berg v. California
Q4) ________________________ are periodic meetings to determine whether the conditions of the case plan for an abused child are being met by the parents or guardians of the child.
Q5) Describe and discuss how parenting impacts delinquency.
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Chapter 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Klikas are subgroups of same-aged youths in Hispanic gangs that remain together and have separate names and a unique identity in the gang.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the ___________________ view, gangs appeal to adolescents' longing for the tribal process that sustained their ancestors.
A)liberation
B)social injury
C)rational choice
D)anthropological
Q3) A "hybrid gang culture" is one with multiple methods of operation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to __________________ theory, delinquents are as detached from their peers as they are from other elements of society.
Q5) According to the ________________ view of gang formation, kids join gangs for protection, fun, and survival.
Page 10
Q6) Identify and discuss the four types of gangs presented in the text. (p.186)
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Chapter 9: Schools and Delinquency
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Q1) A Secret Service study found that over 50 percent of school shooters are minority-group members.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A school-based prevention program that trains students in techniques to resist peer pressure is utilizing ____________________ strategies.
Q3) Family dysfunction increases the chances of dropping out of school among all racial and ethnic groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The 1969 Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is the most important case concerning:
A)the censorship of articles in student publications
B)a student's right to pray in school
C)a student's right to passive speech
D)a student's right to active speech
Q5) In 1995, the Supreme Court extended schools' authority to search by legalizing a random drug-testing policy for _________________________.
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Chapter 10: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Q1) ___________________ is the most powerful natural stimulant; its use produces euphoria, restlessness, and excitement, while overdoses can cause delirium, violent manic behavior, and respiratory failure.
Q2) An evaluation of the _________________________________, which features ads showing the dangers of marijuana use, reported that 41 percent of students in grades seven to twelve "agree a lot" that the ads made them less likely to try or use drugs.
Q3) According to the National Youth Survey, there is little if any association between drug use and social class.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The association between delinquency and drug use has been established in a variety of cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A _________________________ approach involves efforts to minimize the harmful effects caused by drug use.
Q6) Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous
12
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Chapter 11: The History and Development of Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like adults, juveniles are indicted for a crime.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Efforts to ensure that juveniles are given appropriate treatment are consistent with the doctrine of parens patriae that predominated in the first half of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Unlike juveniles, adults have a constitutional right to counsel.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Pretrial motions are not allowed in the juvenile justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Head Start and Smart Start are examples of intervention programs that focus on teenage youths.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
Q6) __________________ are courts that make use of peer juries to decide nonserious delinquency cases.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Police Work With Juveniles
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Q1) In _________________ cases, the police officer must personally observe the crime to place a suspect in custody.
Q2) Research indicates that a police officer is much more likely to take formal action if the crime is serious, if it has been reported by a respectable member of the community, and if the offender is well known to them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ___________________ was the chief of police in Berkeley, California, who required university training, used modern management techniques, and instituted prevention programs.
A)O.W. Wilson
B)Parker
C)Peel
D)Vollmer
Q4) S.A.R.A. stands for _____________, Analysis, Response, and Assessment.
Q5) Most courts have held that the _______________ Amendment ban against unreasonable search and seizure applies to juveniles.
Q6) Identify and discuss the factors believed to shape police discretion presented in the text.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing
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Q1) For the first sixty years of its existence, the juvenile court did not include a prosecutor, because the concept of an adversary process was seen as inconsistent with the philosophy of treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a problem in public defender services for indigent juveniles in Pennsylvania?
A)In some counties, up to 30 percent of children appear without counsel
B)In one jurisdiction, public defenders handle about 360 cases per year
C)Some 44 percent of defense attorneys said they had no or inadequate access to investigators
D)About 94 percent of defense attorneys do not have access to independent investigators or social workers
Q3) One of the most important alternatives chosen at intake is nonjudicial disposition, or as it is most commonly known:
A)diversion
B)discretion
C)net widening
D)probation
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Chapter 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community
Treatment, and Institutionalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast residential programs, group homes, foster care programs, family group homes, and rural programs.
Q2) The growing involvement of female youths in criminal behavior has drawn more attention to the female juvenile offender. This attention has revealed that:
A)girls are less likely than boys to be incarcerated for status offenses
B)institutions for girls do a better job of rehabilitation
C)institutions for girls are generally less restrictive than those for boys
D)institutions for girls have fewer educational and vocational programs
Q3) A juvenile can reimburse the victim of a crime or donate money to a charity or public cause; this is called:
A)community service
B)a fine
C)monetary restitution
D)monetary probation
Q4) A juvenile can reimburse the victim of a crime or donate money to a charity or public cause; this is called __________________________.
Q5) Identify and discuss the four group treatment techniques presented in the text.
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