Law and Society
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Law and Society examines the interaction between legal systems and the broader social world, exploring how laws are shaped by cultural, political, and economic forces, and how they in turn influence societal behavior and relationships. This course introduces students to key theories, debates, and methodologies in the interdisciplinary field of socio-legal studies, focusing on topics such as the origins and functions of law, the role of legal institutions, issues of justice and inequality, and the impact of law on everyday life. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will gain an understanding of how law both reflects and shapes social values and structures.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Delinquency The Core 6th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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1524 Verified Questions
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2
Chapter 1: Childhood and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adults 25 years of age and older with less than a high school diploma earn ______ percent less than those who have earned a high school diploma.
A)5
B)10
C)30
D)20
Answer: C
Q2) Parents may be held civilly liable,under the concept of _______________,for the damages caused by their child.
Answer: vicarious liability
Q3) Which of the following statements is false? Juveniles transferred to adult courts:
A)are often punished more severely than they would have been if treated as a minor
B)may find themselves serving time in adult prisons
C)find that the parens patriae concept is still applied to them
D)can be treated in a manner similar to adults
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compiled by the FBI,the __________________ is the most widely used source of national crime and delinquency statistics reporting crimes known to the police and the number of persons arrested.
Answer: Uniform Crime Report
Q2) Because the UCR arrest statistics are _______________ by suspect's age,they can be used to estimate adolescent delinquency.
Answer: disaggregated
Q3) Describe the three methods used by the UCR to express crime data.Give examples of each.
Answer: Answers will vary
Q4) In Wolfgang's birth cohort study,the _____________________ were responsible for 52 percent of all offenses.
Answer: chronic 6 percent
Q5) The __________________ refers to the age at which youths begin their delinquent careers.
Answer: age of onset
Q6) Part I property-related crimes includes burglary,____________,arson,and motor vehicle theft.
Answer: larceny
4
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Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency: Choice and Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ hold that children will model their behavior according to the reactions they receive from others.
A)Behaviorists
B)Social learning theorists
C)Psychodynamic theorists
D)Arousal theorists
Answer: B
Q2) Early biological theories portrayed delinquent behavior as a function of a single factor or trait,such as body build or defective intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The _______________________ assumes that LD leads to poor school behavior,which leads to frustration,negative self-image,and acting out.
A)school failure rationale
B)susceptibility rationale
C)reactionary rationale
D)accentuating mediating rationale
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given the situation of the residents and that they did not take advantage of opportunities available to them,a(n)_______________resulted where there is little chance of upward mobility.
A)collective efficacy
B)underclass
C)culture of poverty
D)anomie
Q2) ______________ is the process by which a youth who is labeled delinquent and accepts that label as a personal identity.
A)Self-fulfilling prophecy
B)Retrospective reinterpretation
C)Self-stigmatization
D)Self-labeling
Q3) Robert Agnew's general strain theory holds that strain originates solely with the failure to achieve goals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the values of a subculture clash with those of the dominant culture,it is called
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Chapter 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life
Course and Latent Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ___________________,female criminality is overlooked or forgiven by males in the criminal justice system.
A)gender-schema theory
B)chivalry hypothesis
C)psychodynamic theory
D)power-control theory
Q2) According to socialization models,men are much more likely to feel distressed than women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Researcher _______________ ,in her book Sisters in Crime,is most known for view that women,who strive for independence,have begun to alter the institutions that have protected males in their traditional positions of power.
Q4) The ___________________ perspective examines the structure of economic conditions and traditional sex roles that limit female opportunities.
Q5) Female status offenders are treated more harshly than male status offenders. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Gender and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________________ is manifested by constant criticism and rejection of the child by the parents.
Q2) The term ______________________________ is used to refer to an environment of discord and conflict within the family.
Q3) What is known about the abuse-delinquency link?
A)Regardless of the type,abuse impacts girls only.
B)Kids maltreated solely during early childhood may be less likely to engage in chronic delinquency.
C)There are no racial differences in the long-term effect of abuse on delinquency.
D)The link is questionable.
Q4) ___________________ occurs when parents physically leave their children with the intention of completely severing the parent-child relationship.
Q5) In the United States today,an estimated ________ children die each year because of abuse.
A)500
B)900
C)1,200
D)1,600
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Chapter 7: The Family and Delinquency
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Q1) "Prestige crimes" occur when a gang member steals or assaults someone to get out of the gang.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements about gangs in the 1950s and 1960s is false?
A)The threat of gangs and gang violence swept the public consciousness.
B)By the mid-1960s,the gang menace seemed to have peaked.
C)In the 1960s,some gangs shifted their emphasis from criminal behavior to get involved in social or political activities.
D)The decrease in gang menace was partially due to many gang members being drafted into the army.
Q3) Jimmy's physical assault as part of his gang initiation is considered:
A)a prestige crime
B)co-offending
C)a controversial status
D)bullying
Q4) According to the __________________ view,ganging can provide girls with a sense of "sisterhood," independence,and solidarity.
Q5) The _______________ is a Latino word meaning neighborhood or district.
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Chapter 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and discuss the three causes of school crime as presented in the text.
Q2) In what case did the Supreme Court rule that search measures used by school officials to root out contraband must be "reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive in light of the age and sex of the student and the nature of the infraction"?
A)Safford Unified School District v.Redding
B)Vernonia School District v.Acton
C)Hazelwood School District v.Kuhlmeier
D)Texas Commerce v.Wellman
Q3) According to the text,over 50 percent of students are bullied in school.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Those who fail to meet expected levels of school achievement are _________ and are among the most likely to be delinquent.
A)persistent school failures
B)chronic truants
C)chronic underachievers
D)dropouts
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Schools and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Longitudinal studies have shown that youths who abuse drugs are maladjusted,emotionally distressed,and have many social problems that are referred to as _________________ syndrome.
Q2) The main active ingredient in marijuana is:
A)erythorbic acid
B)tetrahydrocannabinol
C)sodium benzoate
D)phosphoric acid
Q3) Global rates of interception of heroin and cocaine indicate that nearly 80 percent of all imports are being seized by law enforcement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Anabolic steroids are physically addictive.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The long-term consequence of targeting large-scale drug rings has been to decentralize drug dealing and to encourage teenage gangs to become major suppliers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ are courts that make use of peer juries to decide nonserious delinquency cases.
Q2) School programs that focus on developing self-control and skills in stress management,responsible decision making,social problem solving,and communication have been found to be effective in delinquency prevention.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Based on work by Gottfredson and associates,what school-based program does not work?
A)Programs aimed at building school capacity to initiate and sustain innovation
B)Instructional programs that limit focus to a few social competency skills
C)Programs aimed at clarifying and communicating norms about behaviors
D)Classroom or instructional management
Q4) Johnny's characteristics are ______________________ that increase the potential for future delinquency.
A)risk factors
B)control factors
C)protective factors
D)suppressive factors
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Chapter 11: Delinquency Prevention and Juvenile Justice
Today
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ______________ was the organization of men in early English society who patrolled areas at night to protect against disturbances and breaches of the peace.
A)posse system
B)watch system
C)guardian angel system
D)Knights of Columbus system
Q2) Police departments in Chicago and Los Angeles have at one time used ______________,targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violations.
Q3) Most officers regard juvenile violations as serious regardless of the offender.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements about police informants is true?
A)They share information with police in exchange for money or special treatment.
B)They are undercover cops that develop access to criminal networks.
C)The evidence obtained through informants is inadmissible in court.
D)They are not utilized during investigations involving juveniles.
Q5) Crimes such as murder,rape,and robbery are ___________________.
Page 13
Q6) Discuss how handling juvenile offenders can produce major role conflict for police.
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Chapter 12: Police Work With Juveniles
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the first 60 years of its existence,the juvenile court did not include a prosecutor,because the concept of an adversarial process was seen as inconsistent with the philosophy of treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________________ is addressed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution.
A)Bail
B)Due process
C)Detention
D)Parole
Q3) Some prosecutors have the discretion of filing charges for certain offenses in either juvenile or criminal court.This is known as _________________ jurisdiction.
Q4) If a state uses ____________________ sentencing,a judge places the offender with the state department of juvenile corrections until correctional authorities consider him ready to return to society or until the youth reaches legal majority.
Q5) In the United States Supreme Court case In re Gault,Gault was accused of making
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Murray and Cox report there is a ___________________,a reduction in the number of arrests per year,following release from a secure treatment facility.
A)sensitizing effect
B)suppression effect
C)brutalization effect
D)resiliency effect
Q2) Identify the goals of intensive probation supervision and what research studies indicate on its effectiveness.
Q3) Which statement is true about electronic monitoring?
A)The costs are higher than incarceration.
B)Institutional overcrowding is reduced.
C)Passive monitoring systems consist of a radio transmitter worn by the offender that sends a continuous signal to the probation department computer.
D)Active monitoring uses computer-generated random phone calls that must be answered in a certain period of time.
Q4) In __________________,the offender is required to stay home during specific periods of time.
Q5) Compare and contrast the three group treatment techniques presented in the text.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community
Treatment, and Institutionalization
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Explain the developmental view by analyzing how developmental theory and delinquency prevention coexist.Provide examples.
Q2) The ______________________,identified by Loeber and his associates,begins at an early age with stubborn behavior;it leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance.
Q3) What is not among the policy-based initiatives based on premises of developmental theory presented in the text?
A)Teaching parents disciplinary techniques that stress firmness and consistency
B)Teaching parents about the risk and protective factors for substance abuse
C)Strengthening children's social-emotional competence and positive coping skills
D)Holding offenders accountable to victims and ensuring community safety
Q4) Which of the following choices best describes the covert pathway?
A)Begins at an early age with stubborn behavior leading to defiance and to authority avoidance
B)Begins with minor,underhanded behavior that leads to property damage and eventually escalates to more serious forms of criminality
C)Begins with aggression,leading to physical fighting and then to violence
D)Begins with drug use and de-escalates to status offenses
Page 16
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