Law and Society Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Law and Society explores the dynamic relationship between legal systems and the social, cultural, political, and economic environments in which they operate. This course examines how laws are created, interpreted, enforced, and experienced across different societies, highlighting the influence of social norms, power structures, and historical contexts. Students analyze the role of law in shaping social behavior, addressing inequality, and resolving conflicts, while considering contemporary issues such as access to justice, human rights, and legal pluralism. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking and interdisciplinary approaches, drawing from sociology, anthropology, political science, and history to understand the multifaceted role of law in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Criminology Why Do They Do It 2nd Edition by Pamela J. Schram
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
825 Verified Questions
825 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2536
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50381
Sample Questions
Q1) In 2002,President George W.Bush created the ______ in an effort to protect and defend the United States from terrorist threats.
A)Drug Enforcement Administration
B)Department of Homeland Security
C)Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)U.S.Secret Service
Answer: B
Q2) The United States has one judicial system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) According to the text,journalists play a key role in examining crime by exploring what is happening in criminal justice and revealing injustices as well as new forms of crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Why is the U.S.judicial system referred to as a dual court system?
Answer: Separate but interrelated systems of federal and state courts.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Measuring Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50382
Sample Questions
Q1) The dark figure of crime is a count of the worst crimes in the United States in a given year.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Unofficial measures of crime,such as the ______,further broaden our understanding of crime with information from official measures of crime.
A)NIBRS
B)UCR
C)NCVS
D)SHR
Answer: C
Q3) The Supplementary Homicide Reports allow for ______ reporting.
A)mandatory
B)minimal
C)voluntary
D)none of these
Answer: C
Q4) Explain how Monitoring the Future is considered a self-report survey.
Answer: It is an annual survey that asks kids to report on their drug use.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Classical School of Criminology Thought
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50383
Sample Questions
Q1) How is Classical theory different from Neoclassical theory?
Answer: They have the same key propositions,except neoclassical theory takes into account mitigating and aggravating factors when deciding the sentence for a given criminal activity.
Q2) Beccaria was behind all of the following modern-day criminal justice beliefs EXCEPT: A)cross-examination of witnesses
B)offender should be tried by a panel of his or her peers or fellow citizens
C)court proceedings should remain private D)laws should be understandable by the public
Answer: C
Q3) This is an agreement of citizens promising to abide by the rules or laws set forth by a given society in return for protection.
A)utilitarian perspective
B)social contract
C)hedonistic calculus
D)conflict principle
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Contemporary Classical and Deterrence Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50384
Sample Questions
Q1) How can increased lighting be considered a form of guardianship?
Q2) ______ are a collection of studies,generally on a particular topic.These types of studies were popular in the late 1960s to test the deterrence model.
A)Longitudinal studies
B)Aggregate studies
C)Cross-sectional studies
D)Scenario studies
Q3) Develop a vignette for use in a scenario research project.How would this vignette help determine individual perceptions of certainty and severity of punishment?
Q4) What is one of the major issues concerning deterrence theory?
Q5) Most offenders who are arrested are arrested again throughout their lifetime.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The three elements of routine activities theory are:
A)capable guardian,poverty,and gangs
B)attractive targets,absence of a guardian,and motivated offender
C)capable guardian,poverty,and businesses
D)little kids,absence of a guardian,and motivated offender
Q7) Give two (2)examples of a hot spot.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Early Positivism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50385
Sample Questions
Q1) Which individual is known for saying people were born criminal?
A)Goddard
B)Binet
C)Sheldon
D)Lombroso
Q2) Later studies of craniometry revealed ______ between size of the skull/brain and certain behaviors or personality traits.
A)a small correlation
B)a large correlation
C)no correlation
D)an unknown correlation
Q3) Scientists and academics became aware that the Classical School and deterrence framework was not explaining what?
A)what could stop individuals from committing crime
B)which individuals or groups tended to offend more than others
C)why individuals committed crime
D)the distribution of crime
Q4) The front portion of the brain is called the splenium.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Modern Biosocial Perspectives of Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50386
Sample Questions
Q1) Adoption studies have found that the adopted children for whom ______ were the least likely to become criminal.
A)both sets of parents were criminal
B)their biological parents were not criminal while the adoptive parents were criminal
C)their biological parents were criminal while the adoptive parents were not criminal
D)neither set of parents were criminal
Q2) The Kallikak and Jukes family studies did not have similar findings concerning criminality and heredity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Otherwise known as Klinefelter's syndrome,the XYY mutation results in higher likelihood for homosexuality and other behaviors but is not typically linked to criminality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the primary job of dopamine on the brain?
Q5) Explain findings on diet and nutrition connections to criminality.
Q6) Explain findings on toxins and connections to criminality.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Psychologicaltrait Theories of Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50387
Sample Questions
Q1) People with low IQ scores are somewhat destined to be all of the following EXCEPT:
A)commit crime
B)unsuccessful in school
C)produce illegitimate children
D)employed
Q2) What is the M'Naghten rule?
Q3) Identify the general principles of psychoanalysis and how psychoanalysis applies to criminal behavior.
Q4) In ancient history,according to lex talionis-or the "an-eye-for-an-eye" philosophy when dealing with offenders-the father of a raped daughter was allowed to rape the rapist's wife.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Some of the most intense and passionate emotions are associated with attachment relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q6) To achieve an ideal level of arousal,extroverts need what?
Q7) What is the Durham rule?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Structure Theories of Crime I
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50388
Sample Questions
Q1) Durkheim claimed that progress typically depends on deviating from established moral boundaries in society,especially one in the more ______.
A)industrial stage
B)mechanical stage
C)both and c
Q2) Reaction formation involves adopting attitudes or committing behaviors that are the opposite of what is expected-a form of defiance and avoidance of guilt for not living up to the assumed standards.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One type of activity that has shown relatively consistent success in relieving stress is laughter.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who created differential opportunity theory?
A)Merton
B)Durkheim
C)Hirschi
D)none of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Structure Theories of Crime II
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50389
Sample Questions
Q1) The code of the streets theory by Anderson focused on African Americans and claims that due to deprived conditions in the inner cities,black Americans feel a sense of hopelessness,isolation,and despair.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Shaw and McKay's social disorganization model does not attempt to explain why some youths in the best neighborhoods choose to commit crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The area most significantly subjected to the ecological principles suggested by Park (invasion,domination,etc. )is ______.
A)Zone I
B)Zone II
C)Zone III
D)Zone IV
E)Zone V
Q4) The Chicago School of criminology can be generalized to other cities.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Social Process and Control Theories of Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50390
Sample Questions
Q1) The notion of collective conscience can be seen as an early form of the idea of social bonding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ is considered one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century and introduced differential association theory.
A)Sheldon
B)Tarde
C)Shaw and McKay
D)Sutherland
Q3) What did Bandura propose as the way individuals learn their attitudes and behaviors?
Q4) ______ assumes that all people would naturally commit crimes if not for restraints on the selfish tendencies that exist in every individual.
A)Neutralization theory
B)Differential reinforcement theory
C)Control theory
D)Learning theory
Q5) Apply the five techniques of neutralization to an example of your choice.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Labeling Theory and Conflict-Marxistradical
Theories of Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50391
Sample Questions
Q1) ______'s theory focused on the process that occurs after an individual has been caught and designated as violating the law.
A)Lemert
B)Tannenbaum
C)Cooley
D)Mead
E)Becker
Q2) The philosophy and teachings of Karl Marx influenced the development of ______.
A)labeling theory
B)consensus theory
C)radical conflict theory
D)group conflict theory
Q3) Near the end of the 1950s,the unfair and inequitable treatment of underprivileged individuals in society was becoming a widespread concern for many Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Becker,what are the four (4)types of behaviors related to perceptions of deviance and behavior? Give an example of each.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Feminist Theories of Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50392
Sample Questions
Q1) How does Marxist feminism differ from socialist feminism?
Q2) The "add women and stir approach" is when one uses an existing theoretical perspective based on males and "adds" women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Female youths from patriarchal families were encouraged to engage in risk-taking behaviors,just as their brothers were.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Feminist scholars have argued that science reflects the social values and concerns of dominant societal groups.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give three (3)examples of what values women should not emphasize according to radical-cultural feminist perspective.
Q6) The characterization of the black female as a matriarch has traditionally been negative.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Developmentallife-Course Perspectives
Criminality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50393
Sample Questions
Q1) Give one reason why the Glueck Harvard study conducted on 1,000 boys may have some methodological issues?
Q2) Thornberry places the level of attachment and commitment to conventional society ahead of the degree of ______ that an individual holds regarding criminal offending.?
A) pressures
B)associations
C)moral beliefs
D)corrupt values
Q3) Life-course persistent offenders are estimated to account for 4% to 8% of all offenders-albeit the most violent and chronic offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The text states that there are very few policy implications that can be derived from developmental theories of criminality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the "chicken-or-egg" debate presented by Thornberry?
Q6) Define developmental theory.
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, and Cybercrime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50394
Sample Questions
Q1) Investigations of the largest businesses in the nation have all found that corporate misbehavior is not the ______ but the ______.
Q2) Although most textbooks claim that Sutherland introduced the concept of corporate,occupational,or industrial crimes,that is not entirely true.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concept of pollution was acknowledged early on and was considered a huge problem for many areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.White-collar crime and corruption were found to be the highest internationally in what two (2)regions of the world?
A)South Asia
B)Western Europe
C)West/Central Africa
D)East Africa
Q5) Who coined the term white-collar crime?
Page 16
Q6) Why does the text state that we are all paying for corporate crimes?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Hate Crimes, Terrorism, and Home Land Security
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50395
Sample Questions
Q1) Homeland security is a concerted national effort to prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks,protect against man-made and natural hazards,and respond to and recover from which hazards?
A)all hazards
B)security uber alles
C)meta hazards
D)jurisdictional hazards
E)terrorism and catastrophes
Q2) Define target congruence.
Q3) According to Byers and Crider,why were the Amish perceived as suitable targets (three reasons)?
Q4) There are documented connections between terrorist groups and drug trafficking,particularly in reference to smuggling pseudoephedrine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In an attempt to distinguish terrorism from other types of criminal activity and irregular warfare,Bruce Hoffman identified terrorism as having what five (5)characteristics? How does this compare with other definitions of terrorism,including yours?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Drugs and Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50396
Sample Questions
Q1) Soldiers were given ______ not only to ease the pain of their injuries but also to relieve the symptoms of dysentery.
A)morphine
B)heroin
C)methamphetamine
D)steroids
Q2) All of the following are considered characteristics of countercultures EXCEPT:
A)claims of superiority over the dominant society
B)members who reject spiritual leaders and refuse religion
C)sexual relationships that deviate from the nuclear family ideal
D)members who reject many of the status symbols of the larger society
Q3) The first major wave of morphine addiction occurred during the ______.
A)American Civil War
B)World War I
C)World War II
D)American Revolution
Q4) Stimulant drugs create a sense of energy,alertness,talkativeness,and well-being considered pleasurable to the user.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.