Law and Society Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Law and Society explores the dynamic relationship between legal systems and the communities they serve. This course examines how laws are shaped by social, political, and cultural forces, and in turn, how legal frameworks influence societal behavior and values. Through case studies, theoretical perspectives, and contemporary issues, students analyze the role of law in addressing social problems, achieving justice, and maintaining order. The course also evaluates debates around legal institutions, the accessibility of justice, and the impact of legal reforms on diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 5th Edition by Harry R. Dammer
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12 Chapters
622 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "culture" in this course refers to:
A)The level of sophistication of a country
B)Deep-seated patterns of thought and behavior that developed over time
C)The role of women and minorities in a society
D)The spread of bacteria in a particular geographic area
Answer: B
Q2) Politicized justice refers to a situation where:
A)Politicians are placed in charge of the criminal justice system
B)Justice occurs only for those holding political office
C)The criminal justice system focuses on political crimes
D)The criminal justice system is perverted to achieve particular political ends
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of a transnational crime?
A)Drug Trafficking
B)Money Laundering
C)Genocide
D)Human Trafficking
Answer: C
Q4) "Equal justice under the law" is an example of a _________value.
Answer: Professed
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Chapter 2: Measuring and Comparing
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Q1) Which crime statistics initiative collects data on every incident and arrest within 22 offense categories made up of 46 specific crimes?
A)Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
B)National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
C)The National Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS)
D)The Dark figure of crime
Answer: B
Q2) The first attempt to collect data on crime at the international level occurred at:
A)The General Statistical Congress in Brussels
B)International Congress on the Prevention and Repression of Crime in London
C)The Conference of the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation
D)The Economic and Social Council of the UN
Answer: A
Q3) The NCVS finds that overall, approximately 50 percent of violent crimes and all property crimes are reported to the police.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Families of Law
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Q1) ____________________ is law that does not pertain to religion or any religious body.
Answer: Secular Law
Q2) Who was one of the major proponents of communism in the 1800's?
A)Friedrich Nietzsche
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Karl Marx
D)Max Weber
Answer: C
Q3) The Latin term _______________ is used in Common Law countries to signify the legal force of precedent.
Answer: Stare decisis
Q4) Examples of private law include constitutional law, criminal law and tax law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Private wrongs against individuals or against society are called ________________.
Answer: tazirat crimes
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Chapter 4: Six Model Nations
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Q1) How would you compare the crime situation in the model countries to that of the United States?
Q2) German criminal code distinguishes between ___________ and _______________.
Q3) The French Republic, with a population of over 65 million is divided into _______ administrative regions.
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the three most important contemporary influences on the criminal justice system in Germany?
A)Problem of drugs and crime
B)Extensive immigration from bordering countries
C)Constant threat of terrorism
D)Ethnic violence and hate crimes
Q5) The police in France are divided into two bodies with responsibilities determined by the geographical size of the territory.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A ___________ is a person who is the sole and absolute ruler of a country, such as a king, queen or emperor.
Q7) The French penal code is divided into five books.Discuss what each book entails.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Law Enforcement: Functions, Organization and
Current Issues
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Q1) The chuzaisho is the rural equivalent of the urban koban in Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Japan, the rural police officer is known as ______________.
Q3) In China, the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) is responsible for dealing with riots, fire emergencies, large disruptions, serious violent crimes, border defense, terrorist attacks and other emergencies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Civil order control is a big concern for France, because the French have a long history of taking to the streets to express their unhappiness.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During which dynasty did police become more formalized and bureaucratic with a central administration and uniform laws in China?
A)Zhou Dynasty
B)Han Dynasty
C)Qin Dynasty
D)Sung Dynasty
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Chapter 6: Criminal Procedure
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Q1) In France, the _______________ is the examining magistrate who is responsible for a complete and impartial investigation of the facts.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the steps in a typical Chinese trial?
A)Judges can question witnesses and expert witnesses
B)The Jury reads the final verdict
C)Judges can question the defendant
D)The victim can make a statement about the charges in the bill of prosecution
Q3) The organization responsible for the non-judicial form of constitutional review in China is the ____________________________________________.
Q4) Which of our model countries has an adversarial system?
A)England
B)France
C)Germany
D)Japan
Q5) Discuss the differences between the adversarial and inquisitorial systems.Be sure to give examples of model countries that use each system and also discuss criticisms of both systems.
Q6) About _________ percent of criminal cases are settled through plea bargains in the United States.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Courts and Legal Professionals
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Q1) The third method of judge selection involves citizen elections, and it is when individuals decide on their own to become judges either during or immediately after legal training.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The presumption of innocence, the exclusionary rule, protections against self-incrimination, the right to trial by jury and protection against being tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) are absent in:
A)English criminal justice
B)French criminal justice
C)Chinese criminal justice
D)Germany criminal justice
Q3) Explain the four general types or levels of courts found in our model countries and for each court give an example from our model countries.
Q4) In Germany, the judicial system consists of three types of courts: ordinary, specialized and constitutional.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: After Conviction: The Sentencing Process
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Q1) The methods of corporal punishment most commonly used today are flogging, and in rare cases amputation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ___________ designs measure data at one point in time, whereas _________ designs measure data over a period of time.
Q3) _________________ is any sentence in which a person's body is subjected to physical pain, such as flogging, mutilation, electric shock, or branding.
Q4) According to international reports such as Amnesty International, which country executes more people than all other countries combined?
A)United States
B)Saudi Arabia
C)China
D)Libya
Q5) List and define the six most common forms of punishments used in the world today
Q6) Discuss the background of restoration and restorative justice and also cite examples of restorative justice around the world.
Q7) ___________________ expands the surveillance capacity of supervision.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: After Conviction: The Problem of Prison
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Q1) What is the name of the agency in England that coordinates in 10 geographic regions the services of both the prison system and the probation service so inmates who are leaving prison are supervised and provided with the best release plan possible?
A)Independent monitoring boards
B)National Offender Management Service
C)Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees
D)Volunteer Probation and Parole Offices
Q2) The United States is clearly the leader in incarceration rates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) German prisons are always located in extremely rural locations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________________________ is both a policy and the name of the kind of correctional facility that incarcerates those who have administrative detention status in China.
Q5) Discuss the three key issues of concern of the Japanese penal system.
Q6) List the seven kinds of formal social control mechanisms in China.
Q7) Discuss the placement of supranational criminals.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Terrorism
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Q1) A terroristic act that is directed at a specific goal that is easy to articulate and understand, such as overthrow political command within one's own country would be an example of which kind of terroristic goal?
A)Revolutionary
B)State-sponsored
C)International
D)Religious
Q2) Terrorism:
A)Can be easily defined
B)Has a constant meaning that does not change or expand over time
C)Is not easily definable
D)Has only ever had negative connotations associated with it since the terms creation
Q3) ______________________ are nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons that by their nature can cause mass casualties and extensive property damage.
Q4) The ___________________ includes domestic and international terrorist incidents from 1970 through 2010 and now includes more than 98,000 cases.
Q5) Discuss in depth the various goals of terrorism.
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Chapter 11: Transnational Organized Crime
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Q1) Define corruption and also discuss some factors that may contribute to corruption.Also, discuss the four initiatives the United Nations has implemented in order to reduce corruption.
Q2) Describe the three tiers that the U.S.State Department uses to evaluate the world human trafficking situation.Also indicate what types of sanctions Tier 3 countries may receive and give an example of a Tier 3 country.
Q3) Which of the following countries has been identified by the Child Soldiers Prevention Act as using child soldiers?
A)China
B)Libya
C)Chile
D)South Africa
Q4) Define power and enterprise syndicates.Be sure to acknowledge which type is more popular.Also, discuss the gradual distinctions between the structure and organization of organized criminal groups that is cited by the United Nations survey in the text.
Q5) __________________ occurs when individuals searching for companionship or romance online were targeted as victims of cybercrime.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Juvenile Justice in International Perspective
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Q1) There is nothing we can do to better prepare ourselves for the future of juvenile justice.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In New Zealand, the police unit of trained officers that diverts more than half of young offenders out of the justice system is called:
A)Youth Aid Section
B)Regular Police
C)Youth Reformatory Unit
D)Probation/Parole Offices
Q3) In schools, interventions that target change in the social context appear to be______________, on average, than those that attempt to change individual attitudes, skills, and risk behaviors.
Q4) Discuss the three basic philosophies of juvenile justice.Be sure to include the adjudication outcome.
Q5) Canada and Germany do not have status offenses.
A)True
B)False
Q6) __________________ are acts for which only juveniles can be held liable.
Page 14
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