Language and the Brain Test Bank
Course Introduction
Language and the Brain explores the intricate relationship between human language and the neurological processes that support it. The course examines how language is represented, processed, and acquired in the brain, drawing from fields such as neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and cognitive neuroscience. Key topics include brain anatomy related to language, language disorders resulting from brain injury, the neural basis of bilingualism, and methodologies used to study language in the brain, such as brain imaging and lesion analysis. Students will gain an understanding of how linguistic abilities arise from neural mechanisms and consider the implications for both typical and atypical language development.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Language 5th Edition by David W. Carroll
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14 Chapters
471 Verified Questions
471 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/995 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction-Themes of Psycholinguistics
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19553
Sample Questions
Q1) The interdisciplinary field that studies the mind and mental processes is called:
A) psycholinguistics
B) philosophy
C) cognitive science
D) linguistics
Answer: C
Q2) Chomsky's claim regarding child language acquisition was that:
A) it cannot be explained simply in terms of the language that children hear
B) it requires a more sophisticated form of shaping than behaviorists claim
C) it is largely tacit rather than explicit
D) children require explicit grammatical instruction from parents or caregivers to learn the rules of language
Answer: A
Q3) Analyzing garden path sentences reveals processes involved in:
A) interpreting the meaning of sentences that contain ambiguities
B) interpreting indirect speech requests
C) sentence production by individuals with language disorders
D) children's use of one-word phrases
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Linguistic Principle
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A theory of language that specifies the relationships among various sequences in the language is said to have:
A) observational adequacy
B) explanatory adequacy
C) descriptive adequacy
D) linguistic productivity
Answer: C
Q2) The smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning is a(n):
A) phone
B) phoneme
C) morpheme
D) inflection
Answer: B
Q3) Experiments that show that subjects use transformational rules and structures when processing sentences provide evidence for:
A) reciprocity
B) linguistic productivity
C) deep structure ambiguity
D) the psychological reality of grammar
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Psychological Mechanisms
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19555
Sample Questions
Q1) The distinction between automatic and attentional processes deals with the degree to which a task:
A) involves permanent memory retrieval
B) requires a deep level of processing
C) requires mental resources or processing capacity
D) is processed in working memory
Answer: C
Q2) Object permanence refers to:
A) the use of an object in a symbolic manner
B) understanding that an object exists even if it cannot be perceived
C) infants' use of an object, such as a rattle, to get adult attention
D) the concepts that infants and children use to organize their experience
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following characterize processing modules?
A) They are independent of general cognitive processes.
B) They are shared by processes from different domains (such as art and music).
C) They draw on controlled process, such as decision making.
D) Their workings are available to conscious inspection.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Perception of Language
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The acoustic information that specifies a phoneme will change based on preceding or following phonemes. This is known as:
A) parallel transmission
B) coarticulation
C) formant interaction
D) context-conditioned variation
Q2) The motor theory of speech perception:
A) contends that we perceive speech by reference to production
B) states that perception and production operate independently
C) is inconsistent with the notion of a phonetic module
D) focuses on speech dysfluency
Q3) The delay in the release of vocal cord vibration between the release of a consonant and the start of a vowel is called:
A) frication
B) voice onset time
C) a formant transition
D) a glide
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Chapter 5: The Internal Lexicon
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The principle that prevents lexical information from being stored redundantly is called:
A) intersection search
B) semantic priming
C) taxonomic relationship
D) cognitive economy
Q2) Studies of lexical ambiguity suggest which of the following conclusions?
A) we automatically activate all meanings of ambiguous words regardless of context
B) we activate the most common meaning of a word and consider alternatives only when the common meaning is inappropriate
C) we are more likely to activate the meaning that is relevant to the current context, especially if that is the dominant meaning
D) phoneme monitoring is not a precise enough technique to investigate lexical ambiguity
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Chapter 6: Sentence Comprehension and Memory
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The late closure strategy of parsing states that:
A) we prefer to attach new items to the current constituent
B) we prefer to make decisions about each word immediately, as we encounter it
C) we prefer to use the fewest syntactic nodes possible
D) we prefer to postpone interpretations of words until the sentence meaning is clear
Q2) The effect of an utterance on a listener is its _____ effect.
A) locutionary
B) illocutionary
C) perlocutionary
D) indirect
Q3) For a speech act to have effect, _________ must be present.
A) tenor and ground
B) illocutionary force
C) felicity conditions
D) relation and manner
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8
Chapter 7: Discourse Comprehension and Memory
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19559
Sample Questions
Q1) Memory for _______ shows the least forgetting over time.
A) surface text
B) verbatim representation
C) situations
D) propositions
Q2) Jarvella (1971) presented individuals with a long oral passage, interrupted it at irregular intervals, and had them write down as much of the preceding discourse as they could, verbatim. The results showed that the percentage of correct recall of a clause was greater if:
A) it was part of the current sentence as opposed to the preceding sentence
B) they were allowed to try to complete the sentence orally
C) it was pragmatically significant
D) it could be imagined visually
Q3) The sentences The woman lost track of her little boy at the mall. She became very worried illustrate what type of cohesion?
A) substitution
B) lexical
C) ellipsis
D) reference
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Production of Speech and Language
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19560
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Fromkin's model of production, the speech error Stop beating your brick against a head wall occurs at the _____ stage.
A) content word
B) intonation contour
C) phonetic segment
D) affix
Q2) Saying clarefully (instead of carefully) is an example of a(n) ________ error.
A) substitution
B) exchange
C) addition
D) anticipation
Q3) The method of inducing subjects to produce errors such as barn door after producing sequences such as bell dark and bean deck, and darn bore is known as the _______________ technique:
A) lexical bias
B) production cycle
C) anticipatory retracing
D) phonological bias
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Chapter 9: Conversational Interaction
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19561
Sample Questions
Q1) When closing conversations, we are likely to signal the end of a conversation by
A) * summarizing the content of the conversation
B) justifying ending contact at this time
C) expressing pleasure about one's conversational partner
D) planning for future contact
Q2) An individual who listens in on a conversation without the speaker's awareness is called a(n):
A) * eavesdropper
B) participant
C) overhearer
D) side participant
Q3) An individual who is openly present but does not participate in a conversation is called a(n):
A) eavesdropper
B) participant
C) * overhearer
D) side participant
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Chapter 10: Early Language Acquisition
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bates, Camaioni, and Volterra (1975) observed that 9-month-old Carlotta began looking into her mother's face when taking an object from her. Bates et al interpreted this to mean that Carlotta had:
A) learned that looking at an adult can be part of a request
B) learned how to be defiant
C) discovered that she didn't have to say please
D) understood that her mother would be upset at having an object taken from her
Q2) Shatz (1978) examined how young children responded to complex questions (e.g., Do you want to put the dog in the car?) and simple imperatives (e.g., Put the dog in the car).
Shatz found that children:
A) made more correct responses to simple imperatives than to complex questions
B) did not comprehend either questions or imperatives
C) comprehended questions and imperatives equally well
D) tended to make action responses to both questions and imperatives
Q3) The developmental process of assigning words to word classes is called:
A) fast mapping
B) categorical perception
C) ostensive definition
D) referential learning
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Later Language Acquisition
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19563
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following phonological awareness tasks do kindergarten children find easiest?
A) given a word (for example, task), identify what is left when the first consonant is removed
B) given four words (for example, rat, dime, boat, mitt), identify the one with a different final consonant
C) given a word (for example, fish), supply a rhyme
D) given two words (for example, cat, at), identify the sound present in one that is missing in the other
Q2) When children produce utterances such as Where I should put it? they have evidently failed to master the _____ transformational rule
A) wh- preposing
B) negation
C) noun phrase-auxiliary inversion
D) passive
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13
Chapter 12: Processes of Language Acquisition
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19564
Sample Questions
Q1) Children with Williams syndrome display:
A) normal cognitive development but delayed syntactic skills
B) delayed cognitive development but normal syntactic skills
C) delayed cognitive development and delayed syntactic skills
D) normal cognitive development and poor semantic skills
Q2) An auxiliary language that arises when speakers of several mutually unintelligible languages are in close contact defines a:
A) creole
B) bioprogram
C) pidgin
D) subdialect
Q3) A _________ occurs when children adopt a _______as their native language.
A) dialect, creole
B) pidgin, dialect
C) creole, pidgin
D) creole, dialect
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Chapter 13: Biological Foundations of Language
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19565
Sample Questions
Q1) Caramazza and Zurif (1976) tested Broca's, Wernicke's, and conduction aphasics on reversible and irreversible sentences. They found that:
A) Wernicke's patients were able to process both types of sentences most accurately
B) Wernicke's patients processed the reversible sentences but not the irreversible sentences.
C) Broca's aphasics were able to process both types of sentences most accurately
D) Broca's aphasics did well on irreversible sentences but not on reversible sentences
Q2) The bundle of fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres is called the:
A) angular gyrus
B) association cortex
C) arcuate fasciculus
D) corpus callosum
Q3) In split brain patients, the corpus callosum was surgically severed:
A) to study how each hemisphere operates independently
B) to relieve severe depression
C) to control severe epilepsy
D) to control Parkinson's disease
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15
Chapter 14: Language, Culture, and Cognition
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19566
Sample Questions
Q1) Whorf was chiefly concerned with:
A) cross-cultural weather terms
B) how individuals thought and spoke about dangerous situations
C) grammatical differences among languages
D) language and intelligence
Q2) Rosch's research with the Dani found that:
A) the Dani learned the names for color categories best when focal colors were at the center of the categories
B) the Dani preferred nonfocal colors to focal colors
C) focal colors influenced the performance of English speakers but not Dani subjects
D) nonfocal colors are more perceptually salient than focal colors
Q3) Whorf and Sapir concluded that:
A) the way people use language changes the way we think
B) thoughts about objects guide how individuals in cultures name them
C) the relationship between thought and language was too abstract for empirical study
D) Eskimo was a more "natural" language than English
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