Language and the Brain Final Exam
Course Introduction
Language and the Brain explores the intricate relationship between linguistic processes and brain function. This course examines how language is represented, processed, and produced in the human brain, drawing insights from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and linguistics. Topics include the neural bases of language acquisition, bilingualism, language disorders such as aphasia, and the impact of brain injury on communication. Students will analyze current research methods in neurolinguistics, including brain imaging and case studies, to understand how language shapes and is shaped by neural structures and pathways.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Language 5th Edition by
David W. Carroll
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14 Chapters
471 Verified Questions
471 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction-Themes of Psycholinguistics
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of how children develop language is known as:
A) language comprehension
B) language production
C) language acquisition
D) metalanguage
Answer: C
Q2) The study of the relationship between the brain and language is termed:
A) aphasia
B) psycholinguistics
C) sociolinguistics
D) neurolinguistics
Answer: D
Q3) Sociolinguists study the linguistic behavior of:
A) individuals with language disorders
B) individuals who are bilingual
C) prelinguistic children
D) individuals engaged in social interaction
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Linguistic Principle
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31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A theory of language that explains the role of linguistic universals in evolution is said to have:
A) observational adequacy
B) descriptive adequacy
C) explanatory adequacy
D) linguistic productivity
Answer: C
Q2) The smallest meaningful unit in language is called a:
A) phone
B) phoneme
C) morpheme
D) phrase
Answer: C
Q3) A theory of language that specifies the relationships among various sequences in the language is said to have:
A) observational adequacy
B) explanatory adequacy
C) descriptive adequacy
D) linguistic productivity
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Psychological Mechanisms
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28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following characterize processing modules?
A) They are independent of general cognitive processes.
B) They are shared by processes from different domains (such as art and music).
C) They draw on controlled process, such as decision making.
D) Their workings are available to conscious inspection.
Answer: A
Q2) Within cognitive psychology, modularity refers to:
A) the degree of independence of the language system from the general information processing system
B) the belief that language processing strategies are "wired in"
C) the notion that working memory, automatic processing, and related concepts play a major role in language comprehension and production
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Which is NOT true of neural network models?
A) They are based on patterns of excitatory and inhibitory neural activity.
B) They are useful for modeling cognitive processes.
C) They are an important alternative to serial models of processing.
D) They have not yet been shown to be useful for modeling language processes.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Perception of Language
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of pitch to signify different meanings is:
A) stress
B) rate
C) intonation
D) prosody
Q2) The consonants /b/, /d/, and /g/ differ in their ________
A) manner of articulation
B) place of articulation
C) frication
D) voicing
Q3) McGurk and MacDonald (1976) found that when a speaker's lips produce the syllable /ga/ while an audio tape of the sound /ba/ is played, listeners hear the fused sound as:
A) /ga/
B) /ba/
C) /da/
D) a nonspeech chirp
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Chapter 5: The Internal Lexicon
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon reveals how words in the mental lexicon are organized:
A) categorically
B) phonologically
C) morphologically
D) hierarchically
Q2) The model of lexical access that assumes that a word's orthographic and phonetic properties must be accounted for separately is the:
A) cohort model
B) logogen model
C) autonomous search model
D) hierarchical network model
Q3) The relationship between words and things in the world is the _____ of a word. A) sense
B) reference
C) connotation
D) denotation
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Chapter 6: Sentence Comprehension and Memory
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a conceptual metaphor?
A) LOVE IS A JOURNEY
B) OUR LOVE IS A BUMPY ROLLERCOASTER RIDE
C) OUR LOVE IS FULL OF UPS AND DOWNS
D) all of the above
Q2) In the metaphor Billboards are warts on the landscape, the vehicle is:
A) billboards
B) warts
C) landscape
D) ugly protrusions on some surface
Q3) The sentence, The florist who sent the flowers was very pleased is grammatical because it contains a(n):
A) embedded relative clause
B) proposition
C) conceptual metaphor
D) late closure
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8
Chapter 7: Discourse Comprehension and Memory
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of cohesion in which we use an expression to refer back to something previously mentioned in discourse is called ____ reference.
A) lexical
B) cataphoric
C) assimilative
D) anaphoric
Q2) _______ connects individual sentences and ideas in a discourse.
A) Ellipsis
B) Reference
C) Macrostructure
D) Microstructure
Q3) Memory for _______ shows the least forgetting over time.
A) surface text
B) verbatim representation
C) situations
D) propositions
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Chapter 8: Production of Speech and Language
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Fromkin's model of production, the speech error A singing sewer machine occurs at the _____ stage of production.
A) content word
B) intonation contour
C) phonetic segment
D) affix
Q2) Slips of the hand are similar to slips of the tongue in that:
A) both are more likely to occur when the language producer is tired, anxious, or drunk
B) both typically involve a single aspect of language production
C) both are more likely to involve parallel processing than serial processing
D) both involve regular cycles of production and hesitation
Q3) You have hissed my mystery lectures is an example of a:
A) malapropism
B) perserveration
C) spoonerism
D) blend
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Chapter 9: Conversational Interaction
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In their study of common ground, Clark and Krych (2004) found that participants assembled LEGO models more efficiently when:
A) the directors conversed directly with the builders, but neither could see the other
B) * the directors could converse directly with the builders and each could see the other.
C) the directors 'instructions were audiotaped and the builders could repeat them as often as they needed
D) the directors could see the builders, but the builders could not see the directors.
Q2) The phrases we use to open conversation serve to:
A) get a listener's attention and establish a conversational leader
B) get a listener's attention and make a reference to the relationship to the conversational partner
C) * get a listener's attention and establish a turn-taking sequence
D) get a listener's attention and justify ending contact
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Chapter 10: Early Language Acquisition
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "positional" interpretation of children's multi-word utterances is that children:
A) prefer putting certain words in specific positions in a sentence
B) use knowledge of semantic knowledge to learn syntactic relations
C) intuitively grasp that either agents and objects can be the subjects of sentences
D) intuitively grasp that subjects are typically followed by predicates
Q2) Meier and Newport (1990) estimate that ______ of deaf children are born to deaf parents.
A) 5-10%
B) 20-25%
C) 30-50%
D) 60-90%
Q3) The fis phenomenon refers to the observation that:
A) children simplify adult words in their pronunciation
B) children imitate adult intonational patterns very early in life
C) children can perceive phonological distinctions that they are unable to produce
D) children cannot discriminate words any better than they can identify them
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12
Chapter 11: Later Language Acquisition
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the research on bilingual language acquisition comes from:
A) studies of children who moved from one language community to another
B) studies of adults who moved from one language community to another
C) case studies based on transcripts kept by researchers
D) case studies based on diaries kept by parents
Q2) Metalinguistic skills appear to be a significant factor in the acquisition of reading, particularly the awareness of:
A) lexical ambiguity
B) logography
C) phonological units
D) cohesive devices
Q3) Shatz and Gelman (1973) found that four-year-olds tended to simplify their speech when talking to:
A) their own younger sibling
B) two-year-olds
C) children who appeared not to comprehend
D) the elderly
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Chapter 12: Processes of Language Acquisition
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The existence of patients with intact syntactic skills who have deficits in semantic knowledge refutes the notion that:
A) universal grammar exists
B) there is a distinction between linguistic competence and performance
C) normal cognitive development is necessary for language development
D) there is a critical age for language learning
Q2) The effects of motherese on children's syntactic development seems most clear in the child's acquisition of:
A) negation
B) verb auxiliaries
C) pronouns
D) definite articles
Q3) Research on the relationship between object permanence and the acquisition of the words more and allgone was based on the hypothesis that object permanence should occur _____ the acquisition of these words.
A) before
B) the same time as
C) after
D) independently of
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Biological Foundations of Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, studies of dichotic listening, evoked potentials, and anatomical studies ___________ that hemispheric lateralization is present at birth.
A) strongly suggest
B) provide extremely weak evidence
C) neither refute nor support D) clearly refute
Q2) The system of communication used by vervet monkeys:
A) is generally considered equivalent in complexity to human language B) includes separate calls to signal the presence of different kinds of predators C) displays displacement and duality of patterning, two hallmarks of human language D) is taken as evidence that the vervets possess a theory of mind
Q3) Patients with conduction aphasia:
A) have trouble producing grammatical sentences
B) have trouble choosing the correct word for an object
C) are unable to write
D) cannot repeat what was said to them
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15
Chapter 14: Language, Culture, and Cognition
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Berlin and Kay (1969) referred to the most representative basic colors (such as blue) as:
A) referential
B) primary
C) absolute
D) focal
Q2) Research on cross-cultural color naming __________ the _______ version of the Whorfian hypothesis.
A) supports; weak
B) supports; strong
C) refutes; weak
D) refutes; strong
Q3) Whorf used the term "regular" analogy to emphasize:
A) our normal, habitual way of interpreting everyday experience
B) the analogy we draw from one language's expressions to another language's
C) the similarity between adult and child language usage
D) the basic-level terms we first learn as children
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