Landforms and Landscapes Exam
Solutions
Course Introduction
Landforms and Landscapes explores the physical features that shape the Earth's surface, including mountains, valleys, plateaus, plains, and coasts. The course examines the processes such as weathering, erosion, tectonics, and deposition that create and transform these landforms over time. Students will learn to analyze the relationships between landforms and environmental factors, as well as how landscapes influence and are influenced by human activities. Emphasis is placed on interpreting topographical maps, understanding landform development, and recognizing the importance of landscapes in ecological and cultural contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Visualizing Physical Geography 2nd Edition by Timothy Foresman
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1832 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Discovering the Earths Dimensions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parallels are circles that run east-west around the earth in planes parallel to the equator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Discuss the differences between the Mercator, Winkel Tripel, and Goode projections.
Answer: Mercator: Useful for navigation-straight line on map is line of constant compass direction. This is not necessarily the shortest path. Useful to display straight-line features. Goode: Correctly displays area, good for comparing size of regions, displaying climate, soils, vegetation. Major weakness is that it distorts shape, particularly along edges. Wikel Tripel: minimizes the sum of distortions to area, distance, and direction
Q3) Meridians run ______ around the globeand _______ the poles.
A)east-west; do not connect
B)north-south; do not connect
C)east-west; connect
D)north-south; connect
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: The Earths Global Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere absorbs dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The process in which incoming solar radiation is deflected in different directions by atmospheric molecules and particles is called scattering.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?
A)heat
B)microwaves
C)light
D)ocean waves
Answer: D
Q4) __________ radiation is a wavelike form of energy radiated by any substance possessing heat.
Answer: Electromagnetic
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Chapter 3: Air Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Annual temperature ranges tend to _______ decreasing latitude.
A)increase with
B)decrease with
C)not change systematically with
Answer: B
Q2) On a temperature map, temperature gradients:
A)are parallel to isobars
B)are perpendicular to isobars
C)are at oblique angles to isobars
D)cannot be determined from isobars
Answer: D
Q3) _______ is a very important mechanism for transporting large amounts of energy from one region of the earth to another.
A)Latent heat
B)Thermal heat
C)Net radiation
D)Insolation
Answer: A
Q4) In the stratosphere, temperature tends to ________ with elevation.
Answer: increase
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is specific humidity?
A)the ratio of the density of water vapor to the weight of the air without water vapor
B)the ratio of the amount of air compared to the amount that could be held if the air were held to a constant density
C)the ratio of grams of water vapor per kilogram of air
D)the ratio of water vapor present compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that could be held at the present temperature
Q2) ____________________ falls to the earth as rain, snow, or hail.
Q3) ___________________ is when water vapor changes directly from the gaseous phase to the solid phase without a transitional liquid phase.
A)evaporation
B)deposition
C)condensation
D)sublimation
Q4) Use adiabatic process and associated lapse rates to describe precipitation patterns associated with orographic precipitation.
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6
Chapter 5: Global Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The weight force exerted by a column of air on a surface is called:
A)atmospheric pressure
B)temperature
C)gravitational attraction
D)weather
Q2) In an anticyclone located in the northern hemisphere winds :
A)converge in a clockwise direction
B)converge in a counterclockwise direction
C)diverge in a clockwise direction
D)diverge in a counterclockwise direction
Q3) The subtropical jet stream follows the edges of Rossby waves at the boundary between subtropical and polar air.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Atmospheric pressure remains constant with increasing altitude.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how and why a sea breeze occurs.
Q6) The flow of surface wind from ocean to land that commonly occurs during late afternoon is called a _______ .
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Chapter 6: Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air masses that form over oceans are classified as "maritime" air masses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An air mass is a spiraling flow of air that blows inward towards a central area of low pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The leading edge of an air mass is called a _________.
Q4) Which type of front tends to cause the most rapid lifting?
A)stationary
B)occluded
C)warm
D)cold
Q5) Maritime equatorial air masses are:
A)cold and wet
B)cold and dry
C)warm and wet
D)warm and dry
Q6) Explain how air masses are classified.
Q7) Describe tropical cyclones.
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Chapter 7: Global Climates and Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______ climate zone is characterized by the alternation of a very dry summer and a mild, rainy winter.
Q2) Which of the following is not a temperature regime label?
A)subarctic
B)tropical
C)continental
D)monsoon
Q3) Air masses carry the characteristic temperature and moisture conditions of their locations of formation with them as they travel.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following precipitation regimes would likely experience the wettest single month?
A)wet equatorial
B)Asiatic monsoon
C)moist subtropical
D)Mediterranean
Q5) Air mass characteristics control the two most important climate variablestemperature and __________.
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Chapter 8: Earth From the Inside Out
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following clast sizes would be most likely transported in very slow moving water?
A)boulders
B)cobbles
C)sand
D)silt
E)all of these
Q2) Why is the area where the ocean meets the land not necessarily the edge of the continent?
Q3) Felsic minerals tend to be:
A)light-colored and silica-rich
B)dark-colored and silica-poor
C)light-colored and silica-rich.
D)dark-colored and silica-poor.
Q4) Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust?
A)silicon
B)iron
C)calcium
D)oxygen
Q5) What is an oceanic plate and how does it relate to a continental plate?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Hawaiian Islands are examples of cinder cones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When lava rises to the surface through long fissures rather than a crater, the resulting formation is a broad, flat plain called a __________.
Q3) Small volcanoes that form when frothy magma is ejected under high pressure from a narrow vent is called a _________________.
Q4) The area on the surface directly above from where an earthquake occurs is known as the:
A)epicenter
B)focus
C)fault scarp
D)seismic waves
Q5) The __________ directly below the crater of a volcano is the source of the lava during an eruption.
The magma chamber is in the figures but where is it discussed in the text?
Q6) What is the primary difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault?
Q7) A fold that forms a trough with the youngest??? rocks in the middle is known as a
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Weathering and Mass Wasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) What role does climate play in weathering?
Q2) Discuss the difference between earthflow and creep.
Q3) What is the primary difference between and earthflow and mudflow?
A)Mudflows move more quickly than earthflows.
B)Earthflows do not involve soil saturation.
C)Mudflows only occur in arid environments.
D)Earthflows move more rapidly than mudflows.
Q4) In order for material to move downslope, it must overcome which of the following forces?
A)particle cohesion
B)friction
C)inertia of materials
D)all of these
E)none of these
Q5) The angle of repose is the maximum angle at which debris, sand, or rock of a given size can rest before the force of gravity causes it to slide downslope.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Fresh Water of the Continents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Late summertime base flow in a stream is typically maintained by:
A)rainfall
B)snowmelt
C)groundwater discharge
D)evaporation
E)high tide
Q2) The total area from which water flows into a stream is known as the drainage basin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In moist climates, __________ tends to dissolve limestone near the surface, resulting in cave formation.
A)hydrochloric acid
B)citric acid
C)carbonic acid
D)phosphoric acid
E)none of these
Q4) The hydrologic cycle does not include atmospheric processes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Land-Forms Made by Running Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) The steepness of a stream is known as the discharge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the geomorphic cycle, landforms are generally flat in a youthful stage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A stream's capacity may decrease as a result of which of the following factors?
A)decreasing the amount of solid debris without increasing stream discharge
B)decreasing the slope of the stream bed
C)increasing the discharge of the stream
D)increasing both the amount of debris and the stream discharge
Q4) A gently sloping, conical accumulation of alluvium deposited by a stream emerging from a rock gorge or rock notch found in desert basin and range area is known as a: A)playas
B)alluvial fans
C)badlands
D)mesas
Q5) What are the differences in the three major stream types?
Q6) Any recent sediment deposit transported by water is known as __________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Landforms Made by Wind and Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the base of a wave-cut the term wave-cut is not in the chapter cliff, one will usually find a __________.
A)drift-tide
B)barrier-bar
C)wave-cut notch
D)marine terrace
E)coral reef
Q2) Star dunes are considered one of the prominent natural dune features in arid environments. Describe the characteristics of this dune type.
Q3) The steepest portion of a desert sand dune is on the __________ side.
A)windward
B)top
C)bottom
D)flanks
E)leeward
Q4) Abrasion is the process of removing vegetation by wind energy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Corals have a symbiotic relationship with ___________.
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Chapter 14: Glacial and Periglacial Landforms
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Q1) A mixture of different sized rock fragments deposited by a glacier is BEST called:
A)alluvium
B)till
C)outwash
D)loess
Q2) Soil, regolith, and bedrock at a temperature that remains below 0°C (32°F)on a perennial basis is the catalyst that can produce:
A)glaciers
B)permafrost
C)gelifluction
D)tarns
Q3) We are currently in an interglacial period.
A)True
B)False
Q4) No glaciers are located near the equator.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sharp ridges in between two corresponding cirques are known as
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Chapter 15: Global Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Soil texture is important because it influences the:
A)age
B)moisture-holding capacity
C)color
D)acidity or alkalinity
Q2) Adding organic and inorganic matter to the soil is:
A)transformation
B)removal
C)eluviation
D)soil enrichment
Q3) Leaching is a soil enrichment process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The layer of the soil that loses the clay particles and oxides of aluminum and iron is the:
A)A
B)E
C)C
D)O
Q5) ___________ are mineral soils without distinct horizons.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Biogeographic Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nitrogen fixation indirectly reduces the oxygen content of the ocean.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A _______ is subdivision of the environment according to the needs and preferences of organisms or groups of organisms.
Q3) Respiration is an example of carbon fixation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The chemical reaction of photosynthesis is H O + O + light energy HOH + O .
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most organisms can move from their home territory to new sites in a process called
Q6) The differences that arise between parent and offspring are:
A)dispersal
B)biomass
C)variation
D)speciation
Q7) A ___________ is a collection of closely related species that share a similar evolutionary history.
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Chapter 17: Global Biogeography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Savanna is a type of forest biome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Monsoon forests are deciduous.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Destruction of tropical rainforests increases rainfall and lowers temperatures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The biome noted for low branched, gnarled trees with small, hard and leathery leaves, coupled with extensive areas of evergreen scrub is:
A)sclerophyll forest
B)monsoon forest
C)mid-latitude deciduous forest
D)low-latitude rainforest
Q5) ______________________ is the type of forest that occurs in the southeastern part of the United States.
Q6) _____________ is known as stable, mature plant cover, largely free from the influences of human activities.
Page 19
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