Land Resource Management
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Land Resource Management explores the principles and practices involved in the sustainable use and stewardship of land resources. The course covers topics such as soil conservation, land use planning, ecosystem services, land degradation, and the socio-economic and policy factors influencing land management decisions. Students will learn to assess land capability, develop management strategies that balance environmental health with human needs, and examine contemporary issues such as urbanization, deforestation, and climate change impacts. Through case studies and practical exercises, participants will gain skills essential for effective land resource evaluation and sustainable management in various contexts.
Recommended Textbook
The Nature and Properties of Soils 14th Edition by Nyle C. Brady
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20 Chapters
838 Verified Questions
838 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Soils Around US
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lithosphere is made up of _________.
A)air
B)rock
C)water
D)plants and animals
E)all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following pH values represents a neutral condition?
A)1.0
B)5.0
C)6.0
D)7.0
E)10
Answer: D
Q3) Most of the water flowing in rivers passed through a soil profile or over soil surfaces before reaching the river.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Formation of Soils From Parent Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) The A horizons are more apt to be cultivated than the E horizons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In which of the following horizons has the process of illuviation most likely occurred?
A)O horizon
B)C horizon
C)A horizon
D)E horizon
E)B horizon
Answer: E
Q3) Residual parent materials have formed in place and have not been transported from one area to another.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Soil Classification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following categories of Soil Taxonomy provides the greatest specificity of soil properties?
A)series
B)suborder
C)order
D)family
E)great group
Answer: A
Q2) Soils in the Oxisols order are deeply weathered and have deep subsurface horizons of silicon oxide.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Soil Taxonomy, the classification system used in the United States, was developed by C.
E.Marbut and associates in the 1940s.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Soil Architecture and Physical Properties
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Sample Questions
Q1) In many soil profiles, the subsoil is high in clay, but is also quite permeable to percolating water.Why?
A)Clay generally promotes free water movement.
B)The subsoil may have an organic texture.
C)Prismatic structure may be well developed.
D)The water table may be present in the subsoil.
E)All of the above are common reasons.
Q2) Proper timing of tillage is generally more difficult for a clayey than for a sandy soil.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which color would be typical of a well drained, low-organic matter sandy surface soil?
A)10YR5/8
B)7.5YR6/2
C)2.5YR6/1
D)7.5YR2/2
E)10YR8/4
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6
Chapter 5: Soil Water: Characteristics and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The polarity of water helps account for the attraction of water molecules for each other.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The water content in a soil is known to be .2 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> and the potential of pure water outside the system is assumed to be 0.If the soil is a clay loam you would calculate the soil water potential (in kPa) to be
A)0
B)-5
C)20
D)-20
E)impossible to calculate with the data given
Q3) The matric potential is due to the attraction of water molecules to soil solid surfaces. A)True
B)False
Q4) Capillary movement is made possible by the processes of cohesion and adhesion. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some 60 percent of the water that is actively involved in the hydrologic cycle worldwide is found in soils.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the various types of drain systems, open ditch systems are most practical and economical for use on __________.
A)Vertisols
B)soils which do not freeze during the winter
C)soils with a deep water Table
D)poorly drained soils with sandy profiles
E)clay soils with poor drainage
Q3) Eutrophication is enhanced by the presence of pesticides in the water draining from agricultural soils.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There is a net movement of clouds from land areas to the ocean areas in the hydrologic cycle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Soil Aeration and Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heat pumps can take advantage of the fact that subsoils are generally warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer than the atmospheric air.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A soil on the south facing slope in Canada is likely to be drier and warmer than a comparable soil on a north facing slope.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Forest fires result in sufficiently high soil temperatures to cause the vaporization and movement of certain organic compounds in soils.The main effect of these compounds is to _____.
A)reduce water infiltration and percolation through the profile
B)enhance soil structural stability
C)increase pH
D)decrease water losses by surface runoff
E)increase soil organic matter
Q4) Some 40 to 50% of the solar radiation in humid regions is used to heat the soil.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Soil Colloids: Seat of Soil Chemical and Physical
Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The order of strength of adsorption of ions by most colloids when they are present in equivalent quantities is Al>Ca>K>Mg>Na.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The leaf-like structure of silicate clays involves two kinds of horizontal sheets, one dominated by a plane of silicon atoms, the other by a plane of aluminum and/or magnesium.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As biotite weathers in soils, which of the following would not likely develop by mere alteration of this mineral?
A)fine-grained mica
B)kaolinite
C)smectite
D)chlorite
E)vermiculite
Q4) Soil colloids are too small to be seen with an ordinary light microscope.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Soil Acidity
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are using pure limestone (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to provide the calcium needed to exchange with acid cations in a soil with a maximum potential cation exchange capacity of 20 cmol<sub>c</sub>/kg.How many kg of this limestone would you need to add to a hectare furrow slice (2.0 x 10<sup>6</sup> kg) to reduce the percentage acid saturation from 40 to 10%, assuming that all the calcium added exchanged with aluminum or hydrogen ions?
A)20,000
B)50,000
C)12,000
D)6,000
E)8,000
Q2) In extremely acid soils (pH 3.0 to 4.0) most of the Al<sup>3+</sup> and H<sup>+</sup> ions are bound tightly by organic matter and silicate clays and are not readily exchangeable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The drainage of some coastal wetland soils results in high pH due to underlying lime deposits.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Soils of Dry Regions: Alkalinity, Salinity, and Sodicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elemental sulfur is the most widely used chemical for the reclamation of sodic soils.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The cation exchange capacities of alkaline soils are generally higher than those of acid soils (Vertisols excepted).Which of the following characteristics of alkaline soils most likely accounts for this high CEC?
A)high humus content
B)high content of hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum
C)high exchangeable calcium
D)high exchangeable sodium content
E)high content of 2:1 type clays
Q3) Saline soils are characterized by _______.
A)high CaCO<sub>3</sub> levels near the soil surface
B)sodium adsorption ratios of 13 or higher
C)electrical conductivity of standard saturated paste of less than 4 dS/m
D)pH values of less than 8.5
E)low chloride and sulfate contents
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Organisms and Ecology of the Soil
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meso- and macrofauna contribute to organic matter decomposition primarily by
A)enzymatic digestion of plant residues
B)enhancement of microbial activity
C)predation
D)synthesis of humus
E)none of the above
Q2) Mycorrhizae involve a symbiotic combination of certain bacteria and plant cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Plant roots are an important source of carbon for many soil organisms which are beneficial to plants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Vesicles and arbuscules are structures typically formed ____.
A)in bacterial cells when attacked by protozoa.
B)above ground by certain soil fungi
C)by mesofauna when they incorporate organic materials into the soil
D)in root cells by fungi when they form mycorrhizae
E)none of the above
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Chapter 12: Soil Organic Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Poorly drained soils generally contain more organic matter than well drained soils.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As decomposition of added organic material proceeds, the C/N ratio in the remaining undecomposed material steadily increases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Practices that increase the soil organic matter level generally have favorable effects on the chemical and biological properties of soils, but have little or no effect on soil physical properties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Humus is an important nutrient, essential for healthy plants.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Aridisols generally contain more organic matter than Mollisols.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Highly weathered soils low in available sulfur in their A horizons often have adequate supplies of available sulfur in deeper, clay-rich horizons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Assume an A horizon depth of 15 cm.A well drained silt loam soil on an Iowa farm has 3.5% organic matter which is about 5% N.Estimate the kg/ha of nitrogen that this soil horizon will make available for plant use from soil organic matter in one year (without the addition of fertilizer).
A)17.5
B)88
C)263
D)175
E)38
Q3) The opposite process from mineralization is _______.
A)immobilization
B)nitrification
C)denitrification
D)ammonification
E)none of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Soil Phosphorus and Potassium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water running off from a bare field whose soil had an EPC of 0.1 mg/L would be expected to be lower in P concentration than runoff from a field whose soil had an EPC of 2 mg/L.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The total phosphorus lost from various watersheds is most closely correlated with
A)high soil permeability
B)low soil CEC
C)high percentage of forested land
D)extent of artificial drainage
E)high soil erosion
Q3) The amount of P lost from agricultural soils by the process(s) of _____ is generally considerably greater than the corresponding losses of potassium.
A)leaching
B)harvest removal
C)gaseous evolution
D)both b and c are correct
E)none of the above are correct
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Micronutrients and Other Trace Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which micronutrient is particularly critical for legume plants because of its place in the nitrogenase enzyme that allows Rhizobia-infected legumes to utilize atmospheric nitrogen?
A)B
B)Mo
C)Cu
D)Mn
E)Zn
Q2) Mycorrhizae help plants avoid toxicities of zinc, copper, and other micronutrients by decreasing the uptake of these elements from soil into the plant shoot.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following nutrient elements is usually present in the soil solution as a simple cation?
A)B
B)Zn
C)Cl
D)Mo
E)all of the above
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Practical Nutrient Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fertilization to supply the nutrient element potassium is often accomplished by which type of application?
A)injection of a gas into the soil
B)broadcast of a chloride salt
C)broadcast of the nearly pure element as a solid
D)incorporation of powdered limestone rock
E)application of a chelate to the soil
Q2) A cover crop is usually grown for the purpose of _________.
A)improving soil quality
B)saving or recycling nutrients
C)covering expenses for pollution control measures
D)A and B
E)all of the above
Q3) To monitor the effects of management on soil fertility, it is best to sample the soils in an area _______.
A)every one to three years
B)at the same season every time
C)from the same depth every time
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 17: Soil Erosion and Its Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) The T values are the maximum losses of soil by erosion that can be tolerated without a reduction in the soil's long term productivity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In one field trial comparing no-till and conventional tillage, soil samples taken after 15 years without liming revealed that the pH of the upper 15 cm was lower on the no-till plot than on the conventional plot.Which of the following most likely accounts for this difference?
A)organic decomposition produced more organic acids in the no-till plot
B)earthworms were more active in the no-till plot
C)acidifying effects of nitrogen-containing fertilizers
D)Al<sup>3+</sup> ions are tied up by the organic matter thereby releasing H<sup>+</sup> ions
E)plowing mixes the surface soil more thoroughly
Q3) Compared to conventional tillage systems, most conservation tillage systems rely more heavily on herbicides to control weeds.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Soils and Chemical Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Toxic organic compounds that contaminate soils are an environmental problem because they may ____.
A)kill or inhibit soil organisms (other than any pest targeted)
B)kill or injure plants (other than any target weeds).
C)contaminate or be taken up by plants and so cause toxic effects to animals or people eating the plants
D)leach to groundwater cause toxic effects in drinking water or aquatic ecosystems
E)all of the above
Q2) Hyperaccumulators are plants that ________.
A)can survive on metal-contaminated soil by growing without taking in too much of the metal in question
B)are extremely sensitive to the toxic effect of certain heavy metals and therefore act as an early warning system to detect contamination
C)take up extremely high amounts of certain metals without being harmed
D)accumulate dense root mats just above the layer of polluted soil
E)none of the above
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Chapter 19: Geographic Soils Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) To constitute a soil association, a group of soils must all _____.
A)be classed in the same soil order
B)have the same soil series name
C)be found together in the landscape
D)have the same surface horizon texture and be in the same slope class
E)all of the above
Q2) Highly trained soil scientists generally map a soil landscape by sampling the soil in ______.
A)pre-determined a grid-like geometric pattern of evenly spaced points
B)a computer-calculated pattern of random points
C)series of transects with sampling points concentrated near expected soil boundaries
D)four soil pits, one dug in each corner of the area to be mapped
E)A and D
Q3) Which of the following could likely be a "layer" of information in a GIS?
A)data on rainfall changes over time
B)soil drainage classes
C)land capability classes
D)B and C
E)all of the above
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Prospects for Global Soil Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a likely component of the ecology-based paradigm for future intensified U.S.food production?
A)Rotation systems that enhance biological diversity
B)Organic-inorganic combinations that build active soil organic matter
C)Increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer to reduce deficiencies of this element
D)Pest management systems that minimize the use of chemical pesticides
E)All of the above are unlikely
Q2) In the past 25 years, population pressures have forced more land to come under shifting cultivation, but per hectare yields from the system have declined.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Experts predict that the world's population will exceed 10 billion people by 2025. A)True B)False
Q4) Shifting cultivation is a relatively new cropping system, first used in the 1960s. A)True
B)False
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