Labour Law
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Labour Law is a comprehensive course that explores the legal frameworks governing the relationship between employers, employees, and trade unions. It covers key topics such as employment contracts, statutory rights of workers, workplace safety regulations, dispute resolution mechanisms, collective bargaining, and the roles of labor courts and tribunals. The course also examines contemporary issues like termination, unfair labor practices, discrimination at work, and the impact of globalization on labor standards. Through analyzing case studies and legal statutes, students will develop a strong understanding of how labor laws are formulated, interpreted, and enforced in both national and international contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Industrial Relations in Canada 2nd Edition by Robert
Hebdon
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Which term refers to the employment relationship between employers and individual employees?
A) labour relations
B) employment relations
C) industrial relations
D) human resources management
Answer: D
Q2) The text's adaptation of Dunlop's IR systems model adds which of the following groups as actors in the IR system?
A) labour (employees and their associations)
B) employers and their associations
C) government and associated agencies
D) end users
Answer: D
Q3) Some argue that the term "employee relations" is anti-union, yet some unions use the term for internal staff positions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Legal Environment
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Q1) What does "the duty of fair representation" mean?
A) Firms must be nondiscriminatory in dealing with employees.
B) Employees must treat other employees fairly.
C) Unions must represent employees fairly and equally.
D) Labour boards must represent both union and nonunion employees equally.
Answer: C
Q2) The B.C. Health Services decision of the Supreme Court (2007) found that freedom of association includes the right to strike.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Scientific management and mass production resulted in which phenomenon?
A) greater labour-management cooperation
B) rise of craft unionism
C) rise of industrial unionism
D) stricter labour legislation
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Economic, Social, and Political Environments
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Q1) What are Marshall's four conditions related to wage elasticity?
A) wages, labour market, substitution effect, and product market
B) product market, substitution effect, market for substitutes, and labour intensity
C) labour intensity, market for products, substitution effect, and wages
D) labour market, work-life balance, product market, and wages
Answer: B
Q2) According to the Gallup Organization, there is little evidence that demand for unionization in North America is declining.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) How have unions managed to remain an important force in the Canadian workplace despite major structural changes?
A) There are many more contingent workers in today's workforce.
B) Workers in small workplaces have unionized.
C) Large number of unionized workers have been laid off in manufacturing.
D) Unions are popular in information technology firms.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Labour History
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Q1) Which province first passed legislation requiring employers to bargain collectively with recognized unions?
A) New Brunswick
B) Ontario
C) Manitoba
D) Nova Scotia
Q2) Who was credited with developing the 1907 Industrial Disputes Investigation Act?
A) Daniel O'Donoghue
B) Alton Craig
C) Greg Kealey
D) Mackenzie King
Q3) The New Democratic Party (NDP) was formed without the support of labour.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who is considered by many to be the founding father of the labour movement in Canada?
A) Daniel O'Donoghue
B) Alton Craig
C) John Dunlop
D) Mackenzie King
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Union Perspective
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Q1) Men are more likely to want to join a union than women are.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who or what is responsible for the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work?
A) the UN
B) the CLC
C) the ILO
D) the AFL-CIO
Q3) What does "union coverage" measure?
A) all workers who are covered by a collective agreement
B) the percentage of all workers who are union members
C) union members as a percentage of the nonagricultural workforce
D) the percentage of union members who have a collective agreement
Q4) The Canadian Auto Workers is an example of what type of union?
A) industrial
B) occupation
C) craft
D) social justice
Q5) List three forms of union security in Canada.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Management Perspective
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Q1) Name three key principles of Barbash's concept of equity
Q2) In which management strategy does management seek to limit the spread of unions in the firm?
A) union resistance
B) union removal
C) union substitution
D) union acceptance
Q3) Which argument suggests that the strategic choice framework applies in Canada?
A) The United States is our largest trading partner.
B) There is a rise in nonunionized industries in Canada.
C) There is a rising union density in Canada's private sector.
D) Governments have shifted toward supporting labour issues.
Q4) What reason does the text give for arguing that many professional organizations are quasi-union in nature?
A) They can go on strike.
B) They include skilled tradespersons.
C) They are certified by labour relations boards.
D) They limit the supply of qualified labour.
Q5) Describe the two high-performance models that have emerged in Canada.
Page 8
Q6) What are the three key elements of human resources strategies?
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Chapter 7: Negotiations
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Q1) Katz, Kochan, and Hicks created a model that takes into account all aspects of collective bargaining, not just monetary issues.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the process of ratification?
A) The parties agree to suspend negotiations.
B) Each party approves the negotiated settlement.
C) Management approves the negotiated settlement but the union does not.
D) The union approves the negotiated settlement but management does not.
Q3) What are the three processes that reflect the triangle of pressures?
A) community, employee, and union consultation
B) conciliation, mediation, and arbitration
C) collective bargaining, human resources, and intra-union dynamics
D) recruitment, selection, and compensation
Q4) Which of the following statements reflects recent research into IBB?
A) Management and labour both prefer IBB.
B) A mutual gains approach works well for highly distributive issues.
C) IBB negotiations lead to increased worker input in decision making.
D) IBB reduces the risk that unions will be forced to accept concessions.
Q5) Why is IBB so difficult to achieve?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Collective Agreement Administration
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Q1) Which of the following is a form of union security?
A) residual rights
B) union shop
C) tech-change committee
D) letter of understanding
Q2) Which of the following is a warning process that tries to improve employee performance or behaviour?
A) punishment
B) just-cause discipline
C) bumping
D) corrective action
Q3) Given that unionized employees often receive more training than nonunion employees, language about training is often included in collective agreements.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Same-sex benefits clauses provide the same benefits for same-sex and opposite-sex partners.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Strikes and Dispute Resolution
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of a grievance arbitration?
A) grievance denied
B) grievance upheld
C) grievance suspended
D) grievance partially upheld
Q2) Which strike statistic do the textbook authors feel is the best to use when examining strike trends over time?
A) strike frequency
B) number of workers affected
C) length of strike
D) person-days not worked
Q3) In final-offer arbitration, the arbitrator must craft his/her own resolution to a grievance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Name and briefly describe the three common theories of strikes.
Q5) Industrial dispute statistics include both strikes and lockouts.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Name five common causes of strikes.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Impacts of Unionization
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Q1) In a unionized firms, which job evaluation approaches is likely to be used?
A) ranking
B) point factor
C) job analysis
D) whole job comparison
Q2) In an effort to reduce the likelihood of unionization, a nonunion pool pays lifeguards
$10.00 per hour. The unionized pools pay $9.00 an hour. What is this an example of?
A) spillover effect
B) union effect
C) threat effect
D) chilling effect
Q3) Your friend John owns a coffee shop that recently unionized. He asks you how unionization will affect the business's profitability, productivity, pay, and selection practices. Briefly outline your response to John.
Q4) Performance pay is common in unionized workplaces.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and briefly describe the three elements of total compensation.
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Chapter 11: Public-Sector Issues
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Q1) The growth of unions in the public sector after 1960 replaced which of the following?
A) civil service associations
B) civil rights associations
C) industrial unions
D) craft unions
Q2) What does new public management place a lot of emphasis on?
A) employee involvement
B) public-sector practices
C) private-sector practices and service provision
D) efficiency and production in the manufacturing sector
Q3) How did Canada try to restore economic balance during a time of debts and deficits?
A) by raising taxes to offset the deficits
B) by shifting to privatization in the public sector
C) by management cutting the costs of production
D) by completely eliminating some services
Q4) What is the designation model of dispute resolution in the public sector in Canada?
Q5) Define and explain the four generations of public-sector bargaining.
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Chapter 12: Globalization of Labour Markets
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Q1) Which of the following factors is necessary to maintain Canada's union density?
A) organizing women members
B) strong labour legislation
C) strong human rights legislation
D) successful defence of equity rights
Q2) International framework agreements provide a promising opportunity for unions to do which of the following?
A) defend workers' grievances
B) create new strike opportunities
C) expand collective bargaining at the national level
D) encourage open discussions within transnational corporations
Q3) Explain the corporate codes of conduct in the 1970s as a union response to globalization.
Q4) About a third of the workers in Canada work in nonstandard jobs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the free market globalization theory and the institutional globalization theory.
Q6) Explain the new role of the ILO, and analyze its structure.
Q7) Name five issues from the 2008 CLC action plan.
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