Labor Law
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Labor Law is an essential course that explores the legal framework governing employment relationships between employers and employees. It covers key topics such as workers rights, collective bargaining, workplace discrimination, employment contracts, wage and hour regulations, and dispute resolution mechanisms. By examining statutes, case law, and regulatory practices, students gain an understanding of how labor laws protect workers, define employer obligations, and influence workplace dynamics. The course also delves into the role of labor unions, government agencies, and contemporary issues such as gig economy work and international labor standards, preparing students to navigate and address complex legal challenges in the world of work.
Recommended Textbook
Labor Relations Striking a Balance 4th Edition by John
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Page 2
W. Budd
Chapter 1: Contemporary Labor Relations: Objectives, Practices, and Challenges
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Q1) _____________________ occurs when representatives of the employer and representatives of its workers negotiate the terms and conditions of employment.
Answer: Collective bargaining
Q2) When an employer uses an employee suggestion box to gather ideas and concerns from its employees,it is primarily addressing the labor relations goal of efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Neoliberal market ideology places the needs and rights of workers before efficiency and profits.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The notion that workers should be entitled to the same democratic principles of participation in the workplace as they are entitled to in society is known as
Answer: Industrial Democracy
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Chapter 2: Labor Unions: Good or Bad
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Q1) According to the industrial relations school of thought,there is an inherent conflict of interest between employers and employees and that conflict is over how to split profit between them.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) An independent union is one that has the power to elect its own leaders,and make all financial and strategic decisions regarding its operations.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) In the mainstream school of thought,unions are:
A)necessary to correct market imperfections.
B)acceptable as a way to correct market imperfections.
C)irrelevant in that they have little effect on the competitiveness of the market.
D)monopolies that restrict market competition.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Historical Development
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Q1) An important activity of the AFL unions was establishing and maintaining:
A)Job standards through work rules.
B)Union loyalty through secret rituals and codes.
C)Moral principles through education and individual reform.
D)Operating rules for local unions.
Answer: A
Q2) The Great Uprising of 1877 was successful in improving labor relations between workers and winning wage increases and reductions in hours of work.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The open shop movement criticized closed shop arrangements because they took away employee rights to freely determine where they wanted to work,and on what terms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The AFL was focused primarily on representing workers from the
Answer: skilled crafts
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Chapter 4: Labor Law
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Q1) In 1937,the Supreme Court decision in _______________________ established the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Act.
Q2) The _______________________ was ruled unconstitutional because it gave overly broad powers to the U.S.president to establish industry code of fair competition.
Q3) Laws pertaining to the individual rather than the collective employment relationship is called _____________________ law.
Q4) Following the passage of the Wagner Act (NLRA),there was an explosion in union membership that resulted in widespread concerns that labor (and its unions)had accumulated too much power.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _______________________ was jointly written by labor and management for regulating labor relations in the railroad industry.
Q6) An important theme of U.S.labor law is the need to strike a balance between property rights and ____________ rights.
Q7) Explain the role of the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 and discuss the rationale for this legislation.
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Chapter 5: Labor and Management: Strategies, Structures, and Constraints
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Q1) Does competition between unions help or hurt workers?
Q2) Merging unions:
A)Increases membership and financial solvency.
B)Increases competition among unions.
C)Increases aggressiveness of local union leaders in meeting the needs of their members.
D)All of the above.
Q3) When one talks about the "scope" of representation,one is referring to the number of different activities a union is involved in at the workplace.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A national union is most likely to take the lead in collective bargaining:
A)When the company is large.
B)When the company is small.
C)The national union never takes the lead - it is the local union that leads bargaining.
D)The national union always takes the lead in collective bargaining.
Q5) _______________________ bargaining occurs when unions are pressured to agree to wage and benefit reductions,and/or elimination of certain work rules.
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Chapter 6: Union Organizing
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Q1) The NLRB can rule that actions of a third party (i.e. ,one that is not affiliated with either the union or with management)have had a negative impact on employee free choice in union elections and declare the vote invalid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is the least important factor in determining whether an employee votes "yes" in a union election:
A)Frustration or dissatisfaction with current working conditions.
B)The belief that the union can help improve working conditions.
C)Demographics of the employee (i.e. ,age,gender. )
D)Attitude of the employee to unions in general.
Q3) A group of nonunionized employees from a local cheese factory petitioned the employer for longer breaks.They claim that the nature of the work is physically demanding and employees are at risk of injury due to fatigue.They believe that longer breaks would help to alleviate fatigue and reduce injury.The employer listens to their arguments but promptly denies their request,arguing that they've never had to give longer breaks in the past and no one has complained before.Given the employer has denied their request,what options do these employees now have open to them?
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Chapter 7: Bargaining
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Q1) The process of producing a legally binding,written contract that specifies wages,benefits,layoff policies,grievance procedures,etc.is called:
A)Authorization campaigning
B)Attitudinal structuring
C)Direct dealing
D)Collective bargaining
Q2) Employers and unions can bargain over permissive items if they choose,but since they are outside the boundaries of the NLRA,the NLRB cannot order bargaining on these issues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Intraorganizational bargaining is generally not seen in unions because the members and union officials are very good at hiding their different agendas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When parties try to generate as many ideas as they can,without worrying or arguing about which is best,they are engaging in ______________________________.
Q5) Explain how the process of labor negotiations is similar to a theatrical play.
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Chapter 8: Impasse, Strikes, and Dispute Resolution
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Q1) By withholding their labor,strikers seek to increase the employer's cost of disagreeing with them by depriving the employer of:
A)Their management rights
B)Profits
C)Public support
D)Access to credit
Q2) .In 2007-2008,more than 12,000 members of the Writers Guild of America went out on strike after contract negotiations with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP)came to impasse.The strike started in November,2007 and concluded in February,2008 and,by some estimates,cost the industry around $2 billion.Given the expense of the strike to the industry and lost income to the writers,what other alternatives might the writers have considered in their quest to pressure the AMPTP to make concessions? Why do you think the Writers Guild decided to strike instead of pursuing these less costly alternatives?
Q3) The PATCO strike in 1981 is commonly recognized as a turning point for labor in that it marks the start of a rise in the use of permanent strike replacements as a way to break a union.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Contract Clauses and Their Administration
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Q1) Given the current criticisms against detailed,legalistic employment contracts between union members and their employers,how did these contracts develop and why have they persisted for so many years? Begin your response by describing the features of a typical union contract.
Q2) Which of the following elements of due process is typically missing from open door policies?
A)Representation at meetings to discuss the case
B)Assistance for the employee in presenting their case to management
C)A hearing before a neutral party (e.g. ,a judge or an arbitrator)
D)All of the above
Q3) Workers seeking the protection of a union contract generally prefer workplace decisions that are guided by impartial rules such as seniority-based pay increases or promotions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Contract provisions that prevent the loss of union jobs by limiting an employer's right to send work to other employers are called subcontracting or outsourcing restrictions.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Flexibility, Empowerment, and Partnership
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Q1) A formal initiative in which workers and union leaders are full business partners in organizational decision making is called a "social partnership" or "social compact."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Quality of working life programs were largely unsuccessful because they could not change the underlying structure of work organized around scientific management principles.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ___________________ was a well-known joint labor-management initiative that introduced extensive self-directed work teams to the auto industry.
Q4) Skill-based pay,quality circle and other forms of innovation aimed at improving worker involvement in business have largely failed in unionized settings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What criteria does a nonunion employee committee or representation plan need to meet to be considered legal under the NLRA?
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Chapter 11: Globalization
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Q1) _______________________________ include quotas,domestic subsidies,discriminatory government procurement policies,and regulations such as import licensing and product standards.
Q2) The European Union is a unique economic integration arrangement because it includes common _______________________ and fiscal policies between countries.
Q3) With increased globalization and multinational corporate activity,labor unions are under pressure to work together across international borders.This effort is known as _______________________________.
Q4) Fair trade and free trade are basically the same concepts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Critics of free trade sometimes argue the emphasis on comparative advantage between companies should instead be placed on _______________advantage.
Q6) When a country agrees to extend the same tariff terms to a particular set of countries so as to provide equal market access,they are said to be giving most favored nation status.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Comparative Labor Relations
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Q1) Company dominated unions are a particular problem for Mexican Labor relations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The labor relations system in Great Britain is organized around the concept of :
A)Exclusive representation
B)Welfare capitalism
C)Voluntarism
D)Volunteerism
Q3) In the Soviet Union _______________________________ unionism created two roles for unions: to facilitate the state's production goals and to protect individual workers from abusive managers.
Q4) A German _______________________________ is a workplace-level committee of employees granted codetermination,consultation and information rights and elected to represent all workers in dealings with management.
Q5) Collective bargaining agreements in Mexico automatically include the minimum provisions that are set in the Mexican constitution.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain how job security protections differ across countries.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: What Should Labor Relations Do?
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Q1) The shareholder model of corporate governance has management fixated on:
A)Long run profits.
B)Short run profits.
C)Stakeholder interests.
D)Reinvestment of profits into the business.
Q2) For an associational unionism model to be effective,unions would have to develop their skills in:
A)Bilateral negotiations
B)Unilateral decision-making
C)Multilateral negotiations
D)Grassroots activism
Q3) A _______________________________ is a cooperative document that specifies the principles of a labor-management relationship based on union and employee involvement in business decision making in return for greater union commitment to competitiveness and risk sharing.
Q4) Grassroots mobilization of the working class cannot serve the goals of both social movement unionism and solidarity unionism.
A)True
B)False
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