Kinesiology is the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the physiological, biomechanical, and psychological mechanisms underlying motion and physical activity. This course covers fundamental concepts such as muscle function, joint structure, motor control, and body mechanics, as well as the effects of physical activity on health and performance. Students will explore movement analysis, injury prevention, rehabilitation techniques, and the role of exercise in promoting overall well-being. Through a combination of theoretical instruction and practical application, the course prepares students for careers in health, fitness, rehabilitation, and sports sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Human Physiology 4th Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every organ system of the human body is focused on homeostasis as its primary function.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Blood is this tissue type.
A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue
Answer: D
Q3) Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The act of sweating.
Answer: D
Q5) Homeostasis is maintained by ____________________ mechanisms.
Answer: negative feedback
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phagocytosis is a function of which cell type?
A) epithelial.
B) muscle.
C) nerve.
D) red blood.
E) white blood.
Answer: E
Q2) Intermediate filaments
A) comprised mitotic spindles.
B) are important in cell regions subject to mechanical stress.
C) comprise cilia.
D) comprise flagella.
E) form the basal bodies.
Answer: B
Q3) The peroxisomes mainly generates hydrogen peroxide.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) ____________________ is a peroxisomal enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
Answer: catalase
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Chapter 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane
Potential
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Sample Questions
Q1) Facilitated diffusion
A) involves a carrier molecule.
B) requires energy expenditure.
C) is how water enters the cells.
D) both (a) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.
Answer: A
Q2) Which structure performs a variety of functions?
Answer: Proteins
Q3) on that is actively transported out of the cell
A)Na<sup>+</sup>
B)K<sup>+</sup>
C)A<sup>-</sup>
D)Cl<sup>-</sup>
Answer: A
Q4) ____________________ refers to a separation of opposite charges across the membrane.
Answer: membrane potential
Q5) Which structure contributes to both the fluidity and stability of the membrane?
Answer: Cholesterol
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Chapter 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stronger the triggering event:
A) the larger the graded potential
B) the smaller the graded potential
C) the larger the action potential
D) the lower the frequency of action potentials
E) all of these answers.
Q2) Which of the following is not associated with the postreceptor events of hydrophilic hormones?
A) cyclic AMP.
B) protein kinase.
C) adenylate cyclase.
D) chromatin.
E) phosphorylated enzymes.
Q3) during an EPSP
A)The membrane is more permeable to K<sup>+</sup> than to Na<sup>+</sup>.
B)The membrane is more permeable to Na<sup>+</sup> than to K<sup>+</sup>.
C)The membrane is about equally permeable to Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>.
Q4) Pre-threshold stage
Q6) Time when Na-K pump reestablishes resting conditions Page 6
Q5) The junction between two neurons is known as a(n) ____________________.
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Chapter 5: The Central Nervous System
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Q1) The cerebellum
A) is important for the maintenance of balance.
B) compares the intentions of the higher motor centers with the performance of the muscles and corrects any deviations from the intended movement.
C) plays a role in the planning and initiation of voluntary activity.
D) controls eye movement.
E) inhibits muscle tone.
Q2) location of short interneurons involved in integration of spinal reflexes
A)gray matter of spinal cord.
B)white matter of spinal cord
C)dorsal root ganglion
Q3) ____________________ represent the subjective urges associated with specific bodily needs that motivate appropriate behavior to satisfy those needs.
Q4) The brain
A) consists of 90% interneurons and 10% glial cells.
B) can perform anaerobic metabolism when oxygen supplies are low.
C) normally uses only glucose as a fuel for energy production.
D) two of these answers.
E) all of these answers.
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Chapter 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special
Senses
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Q1) used for day vision
A)rods
B)cones
C)both rods and cones
Q2) vibration of oval window
Q3) Cells in the fovea are responsible for high acuity vision.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Rods produce vision in shades of gray.
A)True
B)False
Q5) receptors in otolith organs
A)chemoreceptors
B)mechanoreceptors
C)photoreceptors
Q6) Exposure to very loud noises can result in partial conductive deafness.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q7) ___________ is the eye pigment that detects light in conjunctions with setting the body's biological clock.
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Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
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Q1) The parasympathetic system is sometimes called "rest and _______."
Q2) Which of the following is the final signaling step following impulse conduction along the axon terminal?
A) ACh binds with receptors on the muscle cell membrane, opening sodium channels.
B) ACh diffuses across the cleft of the junction.
C) ACh is released by exocytosis.
D) calcium diffuses into the terminal button.
E) voltage-gated channels for calcium are opened.
Q3) Postganglionic fiber secretes acetylcholine.
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
D)somatic system
Q4) Binding of ACh with receptor sites on the motor end plate opens chemical messenger-gated cation channels in the motor end plate, bringing about depolarization of the motor end plate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sympathetic fibers issue from ________-________ regions of the spinal cord. .
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Chapter 8: Muscle Physiology
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Q1) Co-activation of alpha and gamma motor neurons
A)Step 1
B)Step 2
C)Step 3
D)Step 4
Q2) Which of the following characteristics are shared by all three types of muscle tissues?
A) each one contains myosin and actin.
B) each one is neurogenic.
C) each one is striated.
D) each one is considered to be under voluntary control.
E) none of these answers.
Q3) Is attached to bones.
A)skeletal muscle only
B)single-unit smooth muscle only
C)cardiac muscle only
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle
F)single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
G)skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Physiology
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Q1) The action potential spreads through the atria by gap junctions, but there are no gap junctions present in the ventricles, so the impulse must be propagated throughout the ventricular myocardium by the bundle of His and Purkinje system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, the greater the stroke volume, the smaller the subsequent end-diastolic volume will be, because as more blood is squeezed out, the heart cannot fill as completely during the next diastole.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stroke volume can be increased by increasing _____ and _____.
A)stroke volume
B)end-diastolic volume
C)cardiac output
D)heart rate
E)end-systolic volume
F)sympathetic activity
Q4) An increase in cardiac sympathetic activity ____________________ the stroke volume.
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Chapter 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
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Q1) Arterial walls contain a thick layer of smooth muscle and an abundance of collagen and elastin fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The arteries
A) serve as rapid-transit passageways from the tissues to the heart because of their large radii.
B) act as a blood reservoir because they have the capacity to store large volumes of blood with little change in their internal pressure.
C) are the major resistive vessels of the vasculature.
D) are the site of exchange between the blood and surrounding tissues.
E) none of these answers.
Q3) All of the following local chemical factors will cause vasodilation of arterioles, except
A) decreased K<sup>+</sup>.
B) increased CO<sub>2</sub>.
C) increased acid.
D) decreased O<sub>2</sub>.
E) histamine release.
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Chapter 11: The Blood and Body Defenses
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Q1) ____________________ in an infected wound is a collection of phagocytic cells, dead tissue liquefied by enzymes released from the phagocytic cells, and bacteria.
Q2) phagocytic secretions
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a hereditary abnormality?
A) aplastic anemia
B) hemorrhagic anemia
C) pernicious anemia
D) sickle cell disease
E) folic acid deficiency
Q4) Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?
A) inflammation.
B) antibody production.
C) interferon.
D) natural killer cells.
E) the complement system.
Q5) Often confers long-lasting immunity.
A)applies to active immunity
B)applies to passive immunity
C)applies to both active and passive immunity
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Q1) Hemoglobin
A) plays a critical role in determining the total amount of O<sub>2</sub> that is exchanged because it acts as a storage depot, removing dissolved O<sub>2</sub> and thus keeping the PO<sub>2</sub> low so that net diffusion is allowed to continue.
B) combines only with O<sub>2</sub> .
C) is found in erythrocytes.
D) both (a) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q2) Which type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by inflammation from smoking cigarettes?
A) asthma
B) chronic bronchitis
C) emphysema
D) two of these answers.
E) all of these answers.
Q3) When blowing out the candles of a birthday cake you would use your abdominal muscles as expiratory muscles.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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Q1) The renal threshold is the
A) maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.
B) maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.
C) plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine.
D) maximum amount of waste products that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time.
E) maximum amount of water that can be osmotically absorbed across the tubules per unit of time.
Q2) Describe how the vertical osmotic gradient is used to create urine of various dilutions.
Q3) interstitial fluid
A)Step 1
B)Step 2
C)Step 3
D)Step 4
E)Step 5
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
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Q1) Sensible water loss includes loss
A) during cellular metabolism.
B) from the lungs.
C) from sweat.
D) in the feces.
E) from urine
Q2) The amount of salt in sweat is the major, controlled excretion of salt.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To compensate for changes in ECF volume, fluid shifts occur temporarily and automatically between the plasma and intracellular fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following conditions would be a cause of metabolic acidosis?
A) severe diarrhea.
B) severe vomiting.
C) aspirin poisoning.
D) emphysema.
E) none of these answers.
Q5) Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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