Juvenile Delinquency Exam
Materials
Course Introduction
Juvenile Delinquency explores the nature, extent, causes, and control of delinquent behavior among youth. The course examines theories of delinquency, the influence of family, peers, school, and community, and the role of social institutions in shaping juvenile behaviors. It also covers the juvenile justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and correctional practices, as well as prevention and intervention strategies. Special attention is given to factors such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status, helping students develop a comprehensive understanding of the social context of juvenile delinquency.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology A Sociological Understanding 6th Edition by Steve E. Barkan
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Chapter 1: Criminology and the Sociological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviors that violate norms and arouse negative social reactions are called _____.
A) vertical
B) horizontal
C) felonious
D) deviant
Answer: D
Q2) Structural criminology takes into account the social and physical characteristics of communities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) C.Wright Mills emphasized that:
A) personality is developed through vertical social structure.
B) social structure lies at the root of private troubles.
C) private troubles are best analyzed through biological theories.
D) the social imagination limits one's ability to understand and change the social forces underlying one's troubles.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Public Opinion, the News Media, and the Crime Problem
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Q1) Which of the following groups has often been the subject of distorted treatment in media coverage?
A) White males
B) Wealthy women
C) Homeless
D) Racial and ethnic minorities
Answer: D
Q2) While they are least likely to be victims of crime,_____ have a high fear of crime.
A) juveniles
B) women
C) elderly
D) African-Americans
Answer: C
Q3) Approximately what percentage of youths is arrested annually for violent crime?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 18
D) 31
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Measurement and Patterning of Criminal Behavior
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Q1) The FBI's _____ will eventually replace the UCR.
Answer: NIBRS
Q2) Self-report studies can be used to demonstrate the prevalence of offending.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is a recognized critique of the UCR?
A) It overemphasizes white-collar offenses such as insider trading.
B) The FBI lacks the resources to compile and distribute the data.
C) It seriously underestimates the number of crimes committed each year.
D) It is biased against the upper-middle class.
Answer: C
Q4) According to the UCR,most criminals are _____.
A) African-American
B) White
C) Latino
D) Asian
Answer: B
Q5) Burglary,larceny,motor vehicle theft,and arson are classified as _____ crime.
Answer: property
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Chapter 4: Victims and Victimization
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Q1) Very few women experience intimate violence from husbands and boyfriends.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Strangers commit only about _____ percent of these offenses combined,with the remainder committed by family members,friends,and acquaintances.
Q3) Which of the following has been pinpointed as a risk factor for adolescent victimization?
A) Acne
B) Early puberty
C) Social-networking
D) Bullying
Q4) Which of the following is true regarding victimization?
A) No universally accepted definition of crime victim exists.
B) Very little research has been done to study victims.
C) Most research has focused on white-collar crime rather than street crime.
D) International crimes such as genocide are rarely documented.
Q5) Younger people have higher victimization rates than older people.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the social patterns of crime.
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Chapter 5: Classical and Neoclassical Perspectives
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Q1) Criminals always act rationally choice assumes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Neoclassical explanations of crime are rooted in _____.
A) economic thinking
B) biology
C) religion
D) anthropology
Q3) Positivism suggest that:
A) offenders commit crime solely because of the benefits it brings them.
B) evil forces such as demons can affect criminal behavior.
C) individuals are less likely to be victims if they have positive attitudes.
D) forces both outside and inside an individual might affect his/her likelihood of breaking the law.
Q4) _____ deterrence refers to the effect of having some legal punishment (arrest,incarceration,and so forth)versus the effect of having no legal punishment.
Q5) Religion was the dominant source of knowledge through the Middle Ages.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Biological and Psychological Explanations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lombroso believed women were inherently more criminal than men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____ defense is based on the overconsumption of junk food.
Q3) According to researchers,which chromosome pattern suggests men with long arms,acne and low intelligence?
A) XXX
B) YXX
C) XXY
D) XYY
Q4) Phrenology concerns the size and shape of skull as a measurement of criminality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following best describes phrenology?
A) It concerns the size and shape of skull as a measurement of criminality.
B) It concerns the use of brain scans as a measurement of criminality.
C) It is the study of social ecology as the root cause of crime.
D) It is the study of brain chemistry as the root cause of crime.
Q6) _____ carry messages from the brain throughout the body.
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Q7) Explain Freud's ideas regarding the three components of the human personality.
Chapter 7: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure
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Q1) According to Durkheim,which of the following best describes how anomie arises?
A) When a culture derives a collective conscience
B) When normative values remain consistent and society fails to evolve
C) When a society fails to integrate new members
D) When traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
Q2) The center of Chicago's "concentric zones" had a higher crime rate than the outer rings.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Having not been raised with values such as courtesy and Difficult-work,lower-class boys do poorly in school and experience _____,or strain.
A) institutional anomie
B) social structure
C) status frustration
D) cultural disintegration
Q4) Anomie and low social integration help to lower suicide rates.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q5) Shaw and McKay studied delinquency rates in the city of _____.
Q6) Do you think focal concerns are limited to lower-class youths?
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Chapter 8: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Process
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Q1) Edwin Sutherland is the author of differential association theory. A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____ theory is similar to integrated strain-control theory,as it emphasizes that strong childhood bonds to parents reduce the risk for delinquency and weak bonds raise this risk,in particular by increasing associations with delinquent peers.
Q3) Burgess and Akers argued that criminal behavior and attitudes are more likely to be _____ if they are reinforced,or rewarded,usually by friends,family,or both.
A) innate
B) learned
C) biological
D) institutional
Q4) Tittle's control balance theory states that deviance results when people are very _____ or very controlled.
Q5) Albert Bandura argued that aggressive tendencies are inborn.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do we utilize "neutralization" as a means of justifying criminal behavior?
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Sociological Theories: Critical Perspectives
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Q1) Do you think shaming could be introduced in your university or community? How would it work? Do you think it would be effective?
Q2) The proletariat class is sometimes called the ruling class.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which perspective focuses on many aspects of women's criminality,including the problems that women inmates face in jail and prison?
A) Fascist
B) Rational
C) Socialist
D) Feminist
Q4) Although restorative justice practices differ,they include such things as victim ___ panels,in which victims talk with offenders about their feelings as victims.
Q5) The _____ theory suggests that social institutions serve the interests of the powerful in society and are dysfunctional for many other members of society.
Q6) According to Marx,it is the _____ who work for the bourgeoisie.
Q7) Discuss left realism and its emphasis of peacemaking criminology.
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Chapter 10: Violent Crime: Homicide, Assault, and Robbery
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Q1) Firearms are rarely used in homicides.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Simple assault is "an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury."
A)True
B)False
Q3) The US saw a sharp rise in homicides in the 1990s.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mass murder involves:
A) the taking of several lives at once or within a very short time frame.
B) the methodical taking of a human life one at a time over a period of days, weeks, months or even years.
C) the taking of human lives in repeated use of self-defense over time.
D) the involuntary killing of multiple people by accident such as a car accident.
Q5) Why do you think the US has such a high homicide rate compared to other Western countries? What would you do to change that?
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Chapter 11: Violence Against Women
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Q1) Nearly all states now have _____ that restrict the use of a woman's sexual history in rape cases.
A) rape-shield laws
B) predator-shield laws
C) anti-defense laws
D) anti-cross examination laws
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding sexual assault?
A) National surveys found that complete strangers committed more than 95 percent of the rapes reported by respondents.
B) National surveys found that women committed more than 80 percent of the rapes reported by respondents.
C) National surveys found that Latinos committed more than 80 percent of the rapes reported by respondents.
D) National surveys found that non-strangers committed more than 80 percent of the rapes reported by respondents.
Q3) Women are less likely to be sexually assaulted than men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is violence against women an international problem?
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Chapter 12: Property Crime and Fraud
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Sample Questions
Q1) There many types of _____ that plague the Internet and affect so many people in the United States and abroad.
A) modem crime
B) techno-crime
C) on-line crime
D) cybercrime
Q2) The FBI classifies four types-burglary,larceny-theft,motor vehicle theft,and arson-as Part I offenses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Burglary is the attempted or completed unlawful taking,carrying,leading,or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following comprise the vast majority of property offenders?
A) Professional
B) Intimate
C) Amateur
D) Intermediate
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Chapter 13: White-collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) Police and political corruption is also a:
A) crime against world culture.
B) violation of public trust.
C) crime against human nature.
D) violation of foreign policy
Q2) Organized crime is non-existent in Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most professions practice _____ by establishing rules for their members' behavior.
Q4) Distinguish between occupational and corporate crime.
Q5) When did organized crime's power and wealth increase enormously?
A) emigrant inversion concept
B) alien conspiracy model
C) migrant invasion principle
D) immigrant transnational
Q6) Explain why some claim the alien conspiracy model is really a myth.
Q7) In the early 1900s,the _____ bitterly criticized business and political corruption.
Q8) Bernard Madoff was discovered to have been using a(n)_____ scheme.
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Chapter 14: Political Crime
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Q1) Crime by government is also called _____.
A) national-crime
B) state-crime
C) county-crime
D) UN-crime
Q2) Stalin's reign of terror involved many _____ trials that depicted his opponents as dangerous threats to law and order.
Q3) A related form of political violence is political _____,or the murder of public figures for political reasons.
A) assassination
B) impeachment
C) indictment
D) aggression
Q4) Crime by government is called also called state-crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Benedict Arnold is an example of a(n)_____.
Q6) Like white-collar crime,political crime is an ambiguous term.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Consensual Crime
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Q1) The federal,state,and local governments spend less than $7 million yearly on criminal justice expenses (law enforcement,courts,corrections)related to illegal drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the 1990s,after a number of prosecutions of pregnant women who used drugs,the term crack baby became a household word.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sex _____ involves the forcing of girls and young women (sometimes males)into prostitution or sexual slavery.
Q4) National self-report surveys of drug use:
A) are completely accurate.
B) exclude people whose illegal drug use may be especially high, such as the homeless, prisoners, and runaway teenagers.
C) include such people as inmates, college students and government officials who are often illegal drug users.
D) rarely measure drug use among teenagers, judges and illegal immigrants.
Q5) Coffee,soda and chocolate all contain the legal drug _____.
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Chapter 16: Policing: Dilemmas of Crime Control in a Democratic Society
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Q1) The Knapp commission found corruption throughout New York's police force that stemmed primarily from _____.
A) illegal drug trafficking and gambling
B) offers of free coffee and meals
C) bootlegging and prostitution
D) illegal lotteries and loan sharking
Q2) Many scholars believe that police corruption extends beyond a few "_____" to the entire culture of policing.
A) rotten apples
B) sick souls
C) lost boys
D) hot spots
Q3) The Court ruled in Mapp v.Ohio that evidence obtained by police in violation of the _____ Amendment of the Constitution cannot be used in court.
Q4) In the 1990s,New York City began to use an aggressive style of _____ policing.
Q5) US policing developed from the early German system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) "The right to remain silent" is a recognizable part of the _____ warning.
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Chapter 17: Prosecution and Punishment
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Q1) Because the collective conscience is weaker in _____,these societies deal with deviance through restitutive law marked by an interest in restoring relationships to their previous state.
A) early, aboriginal societies
B) larger, modern societies
C) small, traditional societies
D) collective, heterogeneous societies
Q2) The possibility of wrongful convictions and executions and other problems in the application of the death penalty have led:
A) the Texas state assembly to call for the end of the use of death penalty in all states.
B) the United Nations to condemn all nations that utilize the death penalty.
C) the American Bar Association to call for a moratorium on executions.
D) the National Corrections Officer Association to call for a strike on any maximum security facility.
Q3) The courtroom _____ consists of defense attorneys and judges.
Q4) In small,traditional societies,the collective _____,or society's shared norms and values,is extremely strong.
Q5) The vast majority of cases end in _____.
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Chapter 18: Conclusion: How Can We Reduce Crime?
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Q1) Secondary prevention aims to identify practices and situations that put certain individuals at risk for illness or injury.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Greater income inequality should reduce crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Currently,the United States lags behind many _____ nations that already provide government sponsored day care and flexible work schedules.
Q4) The criminal justice system operates like a funnel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) We can wave a magic wand and make crime disappear.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Providing prenatal and postnatal nutrition and other health related services is a quandary prevention approach.
A)True
B)False
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