Juvenile Delinquency
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course examines the nature, extent, and causes of juvenile delinquency, focusing on the social, psychological, and legal factors influencing youth behavior. Students will analyze theories of delinquency, patterns of offending, and the role of family, peers, schools, and communities in shaping juvenile conduct. The course also investigates the juvenile justice system's response to delinquent acts, including prevention strategies, intervention programs, and rehabilitation efforts, while discussing contemporary issues and policy debates surrounding juvenile justice in diverse cultural contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 10th Edition by Curtis R. Bartol
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16 Chapters
787 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forcible rape is a redundant term.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) ADAM, Monitoring the Future, and NHSDA are all examples of surveys that collect data on:
A) drug use.
B) hate crime.
C) sex offending.
D) status offenses.
E) juvenile violent crime.
Answer: A
Q3) The text primarily focuses on mentally disordered offenders.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) According to crime experts, the dark figure represents the most violent crimes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The developmental perspective on crime and antisocial behavior views the life course of all humans as following a:
A) series of distinct age-related stages of development.
B) developmental pathway littered with risk factors.
C) vertical line dependent upon physiological milestones.
D) sequence of stages that enhance empathy.
E) hierarchy of moral development.
Answer: B
Q2) Children from lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be represented in crime statistics as opposed to those from higher socioeconomic status.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The cause of ADHD is unknown.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah and Rebecca developed from a single egg, share the same genes, and currently live at 517 Huckleberry Lane, and attend the same school. They are examples of:
A) monozygotic, monochorionic, identical twins who share an environment.
B) monozygotic, dichorionic, nonshared twins.
C) identical, dichorionic, shared siblings.
D) unichorionic, unizygotic, concordant, monoenvironmental siblings.
E) monochorionic, identical , concordant twins who shared a membrane.
Answer: A
Q2) Temperament appears in infancy and continues throughout life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What were some concerns with the high concordance rate found among monozygotic twins? Explain how at least one of these concerns can be addressed today.
Answer: NOT ANSWERED
Q4) Most adolescent risk taking behaviors tend to continue throughout adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The belief that all behavior is at the mercy of stimuli in the environment is called:
A) the ecological fallacy.
B) situationism.
C) fundamental attribution error.
D) empiricism.
E) expectancy theory.
Q2) One of the problems with classical conditioning explanations of criminal behavior is that they:
A) have not been empirically supported.
B) do not account for situational factors.
C) presume the person has no self-determination.
D) do not consider biological factors.
E) assume the individual is innately aggressive.
Q3) Which individual is an example of a well-known social learning theorist?
A) B. F. Skinner
B) Hans Eysenck
C) Howard Cloward
D) Julian Rotter
E) John Watson
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) All violent behavior is aggressive behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following behaviors represents an example of passive-aggressive behavior?
A) Slapping someone
B) Refusing to speak to someone
C) Shouting at someone
D) Shooting someone
E) Robbing someone
Q3) The weapon used in road rage is:
A) a gun.
B) a knife.
C) one's fist.
D) obscene gestures.
E) the vehicle.
Q4) Trayvon Martin and George Zimmerman are two high-profile victims of hostile aggression.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) A boy who hits at age three, shoplifts at age ten, commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n):
A) life-course persistent offender.
B) ADHD offender.
C) adolescent-limited offender.
D) antisocial offender.
E) incorrigible delinquent.
Q2) Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?
A) Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B) Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C) Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D) Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills
E) Positive peer relations, academic skills, positive family relations and self-esteem
Q3) Provide a brief history of juvenile justice, including the date of its origin in the United States.
Q4) Summarize the five characteristics of successful treatment programs.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A true psychopath consistently displays neurotic and anxious behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Briefly describe the core behavioral characteristics of the criminal psychopath.
Q3) Current research on gender differences of psychopaths suggests that women far outnumber men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How is the psychopath different from the non-psychopath on psychophysiology? Thoroughly discuss all relevant features.
Q5) Research indicates that the recidivism rate associated with psychopaths is very high.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of the following behaviors is not characteristic of the psychopath?
A) Superficial charm
B) Extreme self-centeredness
C) Worry and anxiety about the future
D) Irresponsibility
E) Impulsivity
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the essential features of antisocial personality disorder. What is the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?
Q2) Which diagnostic label has been associated with the iatrogenic phenomenon in recent years?
A) Paranoid schizophrenia
B) Histrionic personality disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Delusional disorders
E) Dissociative identity disorder
Q3) _____ trial generated so much public outcry that Congress passed the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984.
A) Ted Bundy's
B) John Hinckley's
C) The "Son of Sam"
D) The BTK Killer
E) O.J. Simpson's
Q4) State the key ruling in each of the following court decisions: Jones v. U.S., Tarasoff v. Regents of California, and Sell v. U.S.
Q5) Briefly describe four legal standards for of insanity and their requirements.
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A youth who has been thrown away from the home by a parent or caretaker is called a thrownaway.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which group has a rate of criminal homicide that significantly exceeds its numbers in the general population, both as offenders and victims?
A) Native Americans
B) Latinos
C) British Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) African Americans
Q3) Define "Battered Woman Syndrome" and briefly state the controversy associated with it.
Q4) Neonaticide refers to the killing of:
A) an infant.
B) a child older than 24 hours.
C) a child within the first 24 hours after birth.
D) a child by the mother.
E) a fetus.
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In investigative psychology, any behavior that goes beyond what is necessary to commit the crime is called (the):
A) restructuring.
B) undoing.
C) staging.
D) signature.
E) modus operandi.
Q2) The term reconstructive psychological evaluation is synonymous with:
A) criminal profiling.
B) identity assessment.
C) psychological autopsy.
D) postmortem profiling.
E) none of the above.
Q3) Which worker would be least at risk for Type I workplace violence?
A) Sandy, who works 6 p.m. until closing at the Burger King counter.
B) David, who works the midnight shift at the Mobil Station.
C) Gretchen, who works 3-11 p.m. as a nursing assistant at the hospital.
D) Al, who owns his own liquor store and often works alone 3 p.m.-midnight.
E) Tony, who drives a taxi at night.
Q4) Explain why serial murderers are especially difficult to identify.
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the FBI's four classifications of terrorist groups? Provide an example of each.
Q2) Theodore Kazynski is presented in the text as an example of a:
A) charismatic leader.
B) school shooter.
C) religious radical.
D) lone wolf terrorist.
E) all of the above.
Q3) What is cognitive restructuring and how does it relate to both perpetrators and victims of terrorism?
Q4) The attacks on September 11, 2001 marked a radical shift in U.S. connection to terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the reasons why a terrorist might volunteer for a suicide mission.
Q6) Describe Bandura's six disengagement practices.
Q7) By definition, an individual who terrorizes is a terrorist.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Describe the process of becoming a terrorist.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Sample Questions
Q1) Victimization data indicate that approximately ____ of rapes go unreported.
A) one-third
B) two-thirds
C) one-half
D) three-quarters
E) one-fourth
Q2) There is a direct causal relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recent statistics suggest that about _____ percent of all forcible rapes are committed by husbands or dates.
A) 25
B) 40
C) 13
D) 67
E) 7
Q4) Describe the steps law enforcement agencies have taken to ease a rape victim's ordeal when dealing with the criminal justice system?
Q5) How did Groth classify child molesters? Describe all of his classifications.
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other
Sexual Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual attraction to inanimate objects is referred to as:
A) ontoanalysis.
B) neuroglia.
C) fetishism.
D) spasmodic fixation.
E) pidgin.
Q2) According to the MTC, an individual who had a normal adolescence and heterosexual experiences but then later develops feelings of sexual inadequacy and seeks the frequent companionship of children would be classified as a(n):
A) fixated pedophile.
B) retrograde pedophile.
C) exploitative pedophile.
D) immature pedophile.
E) regressed pedophile.
Q3) Childhood sexual abuse is common in female adolescents with persistent antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.
Q5) Describe the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of child molesters.
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Chapter 14: Property and Public Order Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about carjacking?
A) Women are carjacked more than men.
B) The driver is frequently killed by the carjacker.
C) Eighty-seven percent of carjackers are drinking alcohol at the time of the crime.
D) Carjacking incidents are highest in urban areas.
E) Incidents often take place during the daytime.
Q2) Compare and contrast motor vehicle theft and carjacking.
Q3) The most common Part I property crime is:
A) motor vehicle theft.
B) burglary.
C) larceny-theft.
D) shoplifting.
E) road rage.
Q4) The psychological distance between what people perceive they have now and what they feel they can realistically attain is referred to as relative deprivation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the conceptual difficulty in defining white collar crime.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of Initimidation
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Q1) Describe the six primary motives for arson. What additional category was suggested by Douglas et al.?
Q2) Research on repetitive arsonists has recently identified some common characteristics. Which of the following is not one of them?
A) They feel they have little control over their environments.
B) They are usually from a socially disadvantaged segment of the population.
C) Their educational achievement is below average.
D) They have a discernible pattern of sexual deviations.
E) They often began firesetting in childhood.
Q3) The use of the Internet or other forms of online communications to threaten, frighten, or engage in unwanted advances toward another person is specifically called:
A) Internet crime.
B) Internet abuse.
C) cyberstalking.
D) cybernetics.
E) computer stalking.
Q4) Define Stockholm Syndrome and London Syndrome. Provide examples of each.
Q5) Describe the psychological characteristics of repetitive fire setters and bombers.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) Pseudo-narcotic is a major classifications of narcotic drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Methamphetamine produces an increase in _____ and a decrease in _____.
A) alertness; appetite
B) appetite; alertness
C) productivity; appetite
D) crime; alertness
E) feelings of well-being; depression
Q3) Why is the drug-crime relationship difficult to identify and measure? List and describe the fourfold interaction discussed in the Chapter.
Q4) The Drug Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996 was designed to prohibit the use of:
A) ecstasy.
B) marijuana.
C) Rohynpnol.
D) gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).
E) oxycodone.
Q5) Discuss the relationship between alcohol and crime.
Q6) Define and explain drug tolerance and dependence.
Page 18
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