IT Infrastructure Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
IT Infrastructure provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational technologies, components, and processes that support the delivery of information systems within an organization. The course explores the architecture and operation of hardware, software, networks, data centers, and cloud services, as well as storage solutions and security measures. Students will learn about enterprise system integration, scalability, virtualization, and emerging trends in IT infrastructure management. Emphasis is placed on practical considerations for designing, implementing, and maintaining resilient, efficient, and secure IT environments that meet business requirements.
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Business Data Communications Infrastructure Networking and Security 7th Edition by William
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Page 2
Stallings
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) __________ is a U.S.federal agency that deals with measurement science, standards,and technology related to U.S.government use and to the promotion of U.S.private sector innovation.
Answer: NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Q2) Computerization has enhanced the range of features available to businesses for voice communication.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The two media technologies currently driving the evolution of data communications networks are local area networks and cable television networks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Mobility is the newest frontier for ICT managers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Business Information
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Q1) The number of different characters that can be represented in the International Reference Alphabet text code is:
A)512
B)256
C)128
D)64
Answer: C
Q2) Analog information sources include:
A)sounds
B)music
C)video
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) A _________ is an on-premise telephone switch,owned or leased by an organization that interconnects the telephones at that location and provides outside access to the public telephone systems and other voice services. Answer: private branch exchange (PBX)
Q4) _________ is a 16-bit code that is backward compatible with IRA / ASCII. Answer: Unicode
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Chapter 3: Distributed Data Processing
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Q1) Which of the following does distributed processing typically not support?
A)applications
B)device controllers
C)data
D)mainframes
Answer: D
Q2) _________ are specialized computers that provide services for clients such as database services,printing services,and communication services.
Answer: Servers
Q3) Like the Internet,intranets are difficult to manage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) _________ virtualization disguises the complexity of the underlying communications network.
A)Server
B)Network
C)Storage
D)Operating system
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Data Transmission
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Q1) The bandwidth of a signal is:
A)the width of the spectrum
B)the average of the frequencies
C)the range of frequencies in the signal
D)the minimum amplitude of the signal
Q2) The _________ of a signal is defined as the distance between two points of corresponding phase of two consecutive cycles,such as maximum amplitudes or where the wave crosses zero.
Q3) For wireless facilities,there is a relatively free choice of where antennas are to be located.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In general,noise can be defined as:
A)loud,high amplitude signals
B)errors in transmission
C)unwanted energy or signals on the transmission path
D)analog signals instead of digital
Q5) The _________ of a signal is the range of frequencies that it contains.
Q6) The _________ is the number of times the signal makes a complete cycle within a given time frame.
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Chapter 5: Data Communication Fundamentals
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Q1) In modern communication systems,data is sent from one point to another via:
A)input data
B)alternating current (A / C)
C)pressure changes
D)electromagnetic signals
Q2) The data plus preamble,postamble,and control information are called a
Q3) When no character is being transmitted,the line between transmitter and receiver is in an idle state.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ is the communication of data across a computer network by the propagation and processing of signals.
Q5) Analog encoding of digital information modulates a wave known as the carrier in terms of its phase,frequency or amplitude.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ________ are electric or electromagnetic representations of data.
Q7) With ________ transmission,a block of bits is transmitted in a steady stream without start and stop codes.
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Chapter 6: Data Link Control and Multiplexing
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Q1) _________ standards provide a means by which a stream of data can be transmitted,either synchronously or asynchronously,onto a transmission medium.
Q2) Most cordless digital telephone systems used in homes employ ________ or time division duplexing along with FDM.
A)TDMA
B)GSM
C)ITU-T
D)SDH
Q3) Physical interface standards include all of the required functions for data communication.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sliding window is one form of error control.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sharing capacity with other communication devices is multiplexing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The higher the ________ rate,the more cost-effective the transmission facility.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Internet
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Q1) The development of an internationally distributed collection of multimedia files addressed using universal resource locators led to the:
A)Telnet package
B)email system
C)world-wide-web
D)FTP package
Q2) The Internet is an unusual corporate tool in that it is owned and managed by a single entity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Traditionally,the two primary paradigms for electronic communications were circuit switching and _________ switching.
Q4) A paradigm for electronic communications where a dedicated path is opened and maintained during the exchange is called _________.
A)message switching
B)circuit switching
C)packet switching
D)data switching
Q5) The networks connected at an IXP are owned and operated by _________.
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Chapter 8: Tcp / Ip
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Q1) __________ networking brings with it the advantages of connectivity without being tethered,faster / lower cost deployment and the connection of geographically remote sites.
Q2) The ________ layer contains the logic needed to support the various user applications.
A)network access
B)physical
C)application
D)transport
Q3) For most applications running as part of the TCP / IP architecture,the transport layer protocol is _________.
Q4) In 1995 the Internet Engineering Task Force issued a specification for a next-generation IP; this specification was turned into a standard in 1996 known as
Q5) UDP provides guaranteed delivery of messages.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The network access protocol appends a network access header to the data it receives from the transport layer,creating a network access PDU,typically called a
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Chapter 9: Client Server, intranet, and Cloud Computing
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Q1) ________ is a set of drivers,APIs,or other software that improves connectivity between a client application and a server.
Q2) Client-server computing is fundamentally based on networking.
A)True
B)False
Q3) NIST defines three service models that can be viewed as nested service alternatives: SaaS,PaaS,and IaaS.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Typically cloud computing services will be rented from an external company that hosts and manages them.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _________ is a networking facility that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
Q6) The service-oriented architecture (SOA)is a form of client / server computing.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 10: Internet-Based Applications
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Q1) The five header fields defined in MIME are: MIME version,content-type,content-transfer-encoding,content-ID,and ___________.
Q2) HTTP uses a request / response style of communication.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ________ works on behalf of user actors and user applications and is their representative within the e-mail service.
A)MUA
B)MHS
C)MSA
D)MTA
Q4) A security policy should be established and careful consideration given to the personnel allowed external access to internal systems.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ________ and the Internet Message Access Protocol support retrieval of mail between a client system and a server that holds the mail for the client.
Q6) A _______ is a network data object or service that can be identified by a URL.
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Chapter 11: Internet Operation
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Q1) IGMP takes advantage of the broadcast nature of a LAN to provide an efficient technique for the exchange of information among multiple hosts and routers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) IPv6 includes ________ address fields.
A)16-bit
B)32-bit
C)64-bit
D)128-bit
Q3) Today,_________ is the most widely accepted QoS mechanism in enterprise networks.
A)AS
B)SLA
C)DS
D)SSL
Q4) Three functional procedures are involved in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): neighbor acquisition,neighbor reachability,and __________.
Q5) The term _________ refers to two routers that share the same network.
Q6) IPv6 allows three types of addresses: unicast,anycast,and _________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Lan Architecture and Infrastructure
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Q1) A __________ can be described as a separate network of storage devices that are physically removed from,but still connected to,the network.
Q2) Two different types of light source are used in fiber optic systems: LED and
Q3) Higher-level data,such as an IP datagram,are passed down to LLC,which appends control information as a header,creating an LLC ___________.
Q4) Cables and associated connecting hardware whose transmission characteristics are specified up to _________ fall into Category 5 UTP cabling.
A)50 MHz
B)100 MHz
C)150 MHz
D)200 MHz
Q5) One rationale for not employing Local Area Network (LAN) technology for an entire premise is because there are differing levels of equipment,such as PCs,servers,and mainframes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Twisted pair comes in two varieties: unshielded and _________.
Q7) Drawbacks to a single-LAN strategy are: reliability,capacity,and _________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Ethernet, switches, and Virtual Lans
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Q1) One simple approach to improving efficiency is to physically partition the LAN into separate broadcast domains.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A _________ provides a means of interconnecting similar LANs.
Q3) Network topology refers to the way individual end stations access the network prior to transmission of user data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) This option supports 1-Gbps links among devices located within a single room or equipment rack,using copper jumpers (specialized STP cable that spans no more than 25 m).Each link is composed of a separate STP running in each direction.
A)1000BASE-SX
B)1000BASE-T
C)1000BASE-LX
D)1000BASE-CX
Q5) ___________ provides a low-cost,easily scalable approach to achieving very high data rates and is used in storage area networks (SANs)and for other types of storage networking.
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Chapter 14: Wireless Lans
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Q1) The most significant set of standards defining WLANs are those defined by the
Q2) _________ enables an established association to be transferred from one AP to another,allowing a mobile station to move from one BSS to another.
A)Association
B)Reassociation
C)Disassociation
D)all of the above
Q3) The end result for 802.11 is a MAC algorithm called __________ that provides a distributed access control mechanism with an optional centralized control built on top of that.
Q4) __________ antenna architecture is the most important of the enhancements provided by 802.11n.
Q5) The physical layer for IEEE 802.11 has been issued in _______ stages.
A)3 B)5 C)7 D)9
Q6) When all the stations in the BSS are mobile stations,with no connection to other BSSs,the BSS is called an ___________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Wan Technology and Protocol
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Q1) It is desirable to have only one path from sender to receiver to avoid excess costs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Basic packet switching technology has recently been developed to replace circuit switching.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A public telecommunications network can be described using four generic architectural components: subscribers,subscriber line,exchanges,and _________.
Q4) Data communications via circuit switching involves three phases:
A)connect,transfer,hang-up
B)ring,talk,hang-up
C)dial,transfer,disconnect
D)establishment,data transfer,disconnect
Q5) Interconnection of computer systems is not reliable when using circuit switched networks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Wan Services
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Q1) Logical connections in ATM are referred to as __________.
Q2) A _________ is a bundle of virtual channels that have the same endpoints.
Q3) Which of the following are LAN protocols?
A)X.25
B)ATM
C)Token Ring
D)all of the above
Q4) All Frame Relay nodes contain which of the following protocols?
A)LAPB
B)LAPD
C)LAPF Core
D)LAPF Control
Q5) Frame Relay is a more streamlined communication process than X.25.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Carrier Ethernet often capitalizes on the existence of optical fiber and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) infrastructure to provide WAN and MAN services to subscribers.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Wireless Lans
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Q1) A transmission from an earth station to the satellite is referred to as __________.
Q2) When using cellular networks,__________.
A)a single base station can serve multiple cells
B)adjacent cells must use the same frequencies
C)adjacent cells are assigned different frequencies
D)non-adjacent cells are assigned different frequencies
Q3) As mobile units move,they pass from cell to cell,which requires transferring of the call from one base transceiver to another; this process is called a __________ .
Q4) The two types of channels that are available between the mobile unit and the base station are control and ___________.
Q5) The ____________ is a universal,open standard developed by the WAP Forum to provide mobile users to access telephony and information services including the Internet and the Web.
Q6) Wireless networks are more susceptible than wired networks to interference,signal loss,noise,and eavesdropping.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Computer and Network Security Threats
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Q1) One type of attack on the security of a computer system or network that impacts the availability of a system (e.g.destruction of a resource in the system)is referred to as
A)interruption
B)interception
C)modification
D)all of the above
Q2) Most viruses carry out their work in a manner that is specific to a particular operating system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding macro viruses is true?
A)a macro virus is platform independent
B)macro viruses infect documents,not executable portions of code
C)macro viruses are easily spread
D)all of the above
Q4) A loss of __________ is the disruption of access to or use of information or an information system.
Q5) The three concepts that form the CIA triad are: confidentiality,integrity,and
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Chapter 19: Computer and Network Security Techniques
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Q1) Two important SSL concepts are the SSL session and the SSL connection.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A typical use of circuit-level gateways is a situation in which the system administrator trusts the internal users.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a central element of a typical antivirus scheme?
A)detection
B)identification
C)removal
D)deterrence
Q4) In order to accelerate the introduction of strong security into WLANs,the Wi-Fi Alliance promulgated __________ as a Wi-Fi standard.
Q5) The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)and the follow-on Internet standard known as __________ provide a reliable end-to-end secure transport service over TCP.
Q6) IEEE 802.11i consists of two main functions: authentication and access control.
A)True
B)False
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