IT Infrastructure
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
IT Infrastructure provides an in-depth exploration of the essential components, technologies, and frameworks that form the backbone of modern information systems. The course covers topics such as hardware, software, networking, data centers, cloud computing, virtualization, and security fundamentals. Students will learn how these elements interconnect to support organizational operations, ensure system reliability, and maintain data integrity. Through theoretical concepts and practical applications, the course equips learners with the foundational knowledge to design, manage, and troubleshoot IT infrastructure in diverse business environments.
Recommended Textbook Computer Networking from LANs to WANs Hardware Software and Security 1st Edition by Jr. Kenneth
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is a Computer Network
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Physical Layer,the encoding technique,the type of connector used,and the data rate,all of which are physical properties,are established.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Describe the Session Layer of the OSI model.
Answer: The Session Layer (layer 5)handles communication between processes running on two different nodes.For example,two e-mail programs running on different nodes establish a session to communicate with each other.There are specific steps that must be followed to setup,maintain,and teardown a communication session.
Q3) The ____ reference model defines seven layers required to establish reliable communication between two nodes.
A)Open Systems Incorporated
B)Open Structure Interconnect
C)Open Systems Interconnection
D)Open Systems Interface
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Network Topology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Logical connections between the nodes of the VPN
A)Tunnels
B)Topology
C)Logical topology
D)NAPs
E)Cloud
Answer: A
Q2) Seven fully connected nodes require ____ links.
A)14
B)21
C)28
D)35
Answer: B
Q3) When a large amount of data must be sent between machines on a network,it is possible to set up a ____ between the machines.
A)permanent circuit
B)virtual circuit
C)virtual interface
D)physical interface
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Networking Hardware
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe a hub.
Answer: A hub is similar to a repeater,except it broadcasts data received by any port to all other ports on the hub.Most hubs contain a small amount of intelligence as well,examining received packets and checking them for integrity.If a bad packet arrives or the hub determines that a port is unreliable,it will shut down the line until the error condition disappears.
Q2) Describe UTP cable.
Answer: UTP cable,used with hubs,switches,and other 10/100baseT equipment,uses twisted pairs of wires to reduce noise and crosstalk and allow higher-speed data rates (100-Mbps category 5 UTP for Fast Ethernet).The twists tend to cause the small magnetic fields generated by currents in the wires to cancel,reducing noise on the signals.UTP cable length is limited to 100 meters (328 feet)and RJ-45 connectors are used for termination.The network diameter for UTP-based 10baseT networks is 500 meters.For 100baseT the diameter drops to 200 meters.
Q3) RG-58 coax is thicker and more sturdy than RG-11.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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5
Chapter 4: Ethernet Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diffused IR uses line-of-sight IR lasers and provides a faster data rate than diffused IR.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ISM band (industrial,scientific,medical)is used for transmission at the ____ frequency for scientific data.
A)902 to 928 MHz
B)1.20 GHz to 2.0715 GHz
C)2.40 GHz to 2.4835 GHz
D)5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz
Q3) Fast Ethernet is implemented in several different ways,all collectively referred to as ____.
A)100baseT technology
B)10baseT technology
C)10base2 technology
D)100base2 technology
Q4) List three properties that 10base5,10base2 and 10baseT have in common.
Q5) The LSB (Least Significant Bit)for the SFD is set high (1).
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Token-Ring, fddi, and Other LAN Technologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a token-ring network,data are transmitted using a ____.
A)Differential Equation Encoded Signal
B)Differential Manchester Encoded Signal
C)Differential Turing Encoded Signal
D)Differential Manheim Encoded Signal
Q2) A special group of symbols contained in a packet
A)ARCnet
B)Token
C)Bluetooth
D)Scatternet
E)FDDI-II
Q3) Describe bluetooth pairing.
Q4) A low-cost baseband network developed by the Datapoint Corporation in the late 1970s
A)ARCnet
B)Token
C)Bluetooth
D)Scatternet
E)FDDI-II
Q5) Describe Bluetooth.
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Chapter 6: Network Design and Troubleshooting Scenarios
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Sample Questions
Q1) By successfully ____ a network,we have proof that the network hardware and software is operating correctly.
A)PINGing
B)ARPing
C)TRACKing
D)RINGing
Q2) In the System Properties window,if a small ____ is present on the Network adapters device,there is a problem with the NIC or its driver.
A)exclamation mark
B)question mark
C)red 'X'
D)diagonal line
Q3) The ____ utility is used to display TCP/IP address information from a Command Prompt window on a Windows XP computer.
A)WINCONFIG
B)IPCONFIG
C)WINIPCFG
D)IFCONFIG
Q4) Discuss how to use test equipment to detect hardware problems.
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Chapter 7: Low-Level Protocols
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serial data transmission is handled by digital devices called ____.
A)DARTs
B)UARTs
C)SARTs
D)SRTs
Q2) Each bit of the waveform takes the same amount of time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ over TCP/IP can be used to share resources over a WAN,instead of just a LAN environment.
A)NetBEUI
B)SMB
C)NFS
D)NetBIOS
Q4) Explain the 7-bit,8-bit and 16-bit codes.
Q5) ____ provides a transport mechanism to deliver NetBIOS messages over a LAN.
A)NetOPS
B)NetUI
C)NetBEUI
D)NetIOS
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Tcpip Protocols
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many FTP sites allow you to log in as an anonymous user,which is an open account with limited privileges,but still capable of file transfers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A typical value for an MTU on an Ethernet network is ____ bytes.
A)500
B)1000
C)1500
D)2000
Q3) Discuss the functionality of PING.
Q4) Describe what happens at each specific layer in the TCP/IP protocol after you click on a link to a Web site.
Q5) ____ cover a wide range of topics in addition to Internet standards,from early discussion of new research concepts to status memos about the current state of the Internet.
A)RFQs
B)RFPs
C)RFCs
D)RFIs
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Chapter 9: Ipxspx, Appletalk, and Other Network Protocols
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the four fields of the domain-specific part of the DECnet address.
Q2) Developed by Novell for its NetWare network operating system
A)Internet Packet Exchange (IPX)protocol
B)SSCP
C)NCP
D)IPX/SPX protocol suite
E)Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)protocol
Q3) A(n)____________________ unit is used to access the programs run by the end user.
Q4) List and describe the two segments of the SNA protocol stack.
Q5) The communication between two NAUs is called a(n)____________________.
Q6) The Transport Control field is initially set to ____ by the transmitting station and is incremented each time the IPX packet passes through a router.
Q7) List the services that IBM developed to connect the logical units of SNA.
Q8) Describe NCP.
Q9) Describe the SNA protocol.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Switching and Routing
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Q1) NetBEIU and ARP are examples of ____________________ protocols because they will pass through a switch but not a router.
Q2) Integrated IS-IS is a routing protocol based on the TCP routing protocol.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________________ switching reduces the latency of a switch tremendously.
Q4) List the chores that the control logic must perform.
Q5) A(n)____ variable is used to control the lifetime of each entry in the routing table.
A)invalid timer
B)update timer
C)hold-time timer
D)flush timer
Q6) A two-dimensional set of data buses
A)Crossbar switch
B)Buffer
C)Switching fabric
D)Input port logic
E)Multiplexed bus
Q7) List five characteristics of a link-state router.
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Chapter 11: Network Management and Security
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Sample Questions
Q1) Has the minimal networking hardware required to maintain network communication,but requires restoration from the most recent backup to become operational
A)Disaster recovery
B)Warm site
C)Network security
D)Cold site
E)Hot site
Q2) List five disaster recovery safeguards that can be used to help guarantee a relatively quick and painless recovery in the event that a disaster occurs.
Q3) A ____ looks at the long-term operation of the business,so a business should develop two plans.
A)business continuity plan
B)disaster recovery plan
C)business recovery plan
D)disaster prevention plan
Q4) A(n)____________________ is a program that replicates itself,but does not necessarily infect other programs.
Q5) What is a firewall?
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Chapter 12: Electronic Mail
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Sample Questions
Q1) A blank line is used as the separator between the parts of an email message.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Electronic mail uses the ____ model to allow mail messages to be exchanged.
A)client-server
B)client-client
C)servlet-servlet
D)server-server
Q3) First part of an email message
A)Header
B)IMAP
C)IMAP4
D)Base64 encoding method
E)SMTP
Q4) ____________________ is used to exchange messages between servers or between a client and a server.
Q5) The second part of an email message is called the ____________________ and contains the actual text of the message.
Q6) In order to use any e-mail client program,it must be ____________________ properly.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: FTP and Telnet
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the Directory Security tab in the Windows FTP Sites Property window do?
Q2) A free Telnet/SSH client available for download from several Internet Web sites
A)SSH
B)Text file
C)PuTTY
D)Binary file
E)NVT
Q3) The capability to copy a file between computers is provided by the ____.
A)Telnet
B)DNS
C)FTP
D)RPC
Q4) Defines standard control codes and nonprinting character functions for Telnet
A)SSH
B)Text file
C)PuTTY
D)Binary file
E)NVT
Q5) Describe Telnet clients and where they are used.
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Chapter 14: Multimedia Networking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since each pixel in a GIF image can be one of 256 colors,____ are needed to store the color for a pixel.
A)four bits
B)eight bits
C)ten bits
D)24 bits
Q2) The algorithm used to sample,digitize,and recreate the video (and audio)stream
A)Lossy compression
B)IGMP
C)CODEC
D)Lossless compression
E)MPEG
Q3) ____ specify a value between 0 (full transparency)and 255 (no transparency)to provide the transparency of a pixel in the PNG format.
A)Beta channels
B)Omega channels
C)Alpha channels
D)Delta channels
Q4) List and describe the three types of frames that MPEG video is processed in.
Q5) List the features of a JPG image.
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Chapter 15: The Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most popular Web server programs for business and personal use is the ____ from the Apache Software Foundation.
A)Apache Server
B)Native Server
C)Python Server
D)Navajo Server
Q2) ____ is the core component of the information that composes a Web page.
A)HTML
B)SGML
C)DML
D)IPML
Q3) ____ is a technique used by Windows computers to share Internet access for two to twenty users over a single connection to an ISP.
A)IPS
B)IDS
C)ICS
D)WCS
Q4) What is a Java applet?
Q5) Describe XML.
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Chapter 16: Writing a Network Application
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Sample Questions
Q1) Uses UDP datagrams and eliminates the session overhead
A)Connectionless communication
B)Socket binding
C)Socket
D)Connection-oriented communication
E)Administrator privileges
Q2) What are DHTML applications?
Q3) Client sockets and server sockets require the same initialization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List the two forms of Visual Basic code and two types of applications that can be created with Visual Basic for use with the Internet.
Q5) The ____ line must be the first output generated by a CGI program and tells the browser what type of information it is receiving.
A)Media-type
B)Content-type
C)File-type
D)Info-type
Q6) List three of the special features of the LS100.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: An Introduction to Networking With Windows
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Q1) Can save considerable time for a network administrator and minimize address conflicts
A)Thin client
B)DHCP server
C)Network Properties menu
D)Dial-Up Networking
E)NetBEUI
Q2) _________________________ is a hierarchical collection of the machines capable of communicating with each other over a Windows network.
Q3) When assigning addresses manually,the network administrator must keep track of what computer has what address.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List the three components that the ICA uses.
Q5) Explain how to share files over a network.
Q6) Troubleshooting a network connection requires familiarity with several levels of operation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Windows Domains
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Q1) Maintains all user profiles
A)C2 compliance
B)Security
C)RAS Server
D)Primary domain controller
E)PWL files
Q2) When a new ____________________ domain is created,it takes advantage of the existing domain resources.
Q3) Some of the most devastating problems on a Windows platform stem from ____________________.
Q4) Windows 2003 Server extends the capabilities of Windows 2000 Server.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Windows NT actually consists of two products: ____.
A)Windows NT Master and Windows NT Client
B)Windows NT Server and Windows NT Client
C)Windows NT Server and Windows NT Workstation
D)Windows NT Server and Windows NT Basic
Q6) List four of the features that support enhanced security measures in Active Directory.
Page 21
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Chapter 19: Unix and Linux
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Q1) NIS domains are created to allow for servers and clients to communicate and the servers and clients can be in different domains.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The management of the TCP/IP network on a Linux system is performed using individual product configuration screens,webmin,or on older Linux installations,the ____________________ tool.
Q3) The ____ program allows for a Linux system to participate in a Windows network by sharing files and printers using SMB (Server Message Blocks)and CIFS (Common Internet File System)protocols.
A)Wimba
B)Samba
C)Winbind
D)WINE
Q4) Describe NIS+.
Q5) All of the versions of the Linux operating system are available for free.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the Apache Web Server.
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Chapter 20: Other Network Operating Systems
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Q1) In a Mac environment,the ____ displays information about all current print jobs including the status of the current print job,the user name who submitted it,and the number of pages in each print job.
A)Queue Panel
B)Queue Manager
C)Queue System
D)Queue Monitor
Q2) The security features of the NetWare operating system offer the system and/or network administrator the ability to monitor all aspects of the system operation from a single location.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Involves shutting down the NetWare server to perform the upgrade directly on the machine
A)Across-the-wire migration
B)OpenVMS
C)System area network card
D)In-place migration
E)Rights
Q4) Why is it always best to run the latest version of Mac system software?
Page 23
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Chapter 21: Cryptography and Security
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Q1) Hashed data can be unhashed and turned back into their original form.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Involves taking encrypted information and putting it back into the original form
A)Encryption
B)Symmetric encryption
C)Cryptography
D)Decryption
E)Asymmetric encryption
Q3) Keeping secrets has become a major force in networking and communication.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Two keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the data
A)Encryption
B)Symmetric encryption
C)Cryptography
D)Decryption
E)Asymmetric encryption
Q5) A(n)____________________ cipher is an algorithm that encrypts or decrypts blocks of data,such as 64-bit or 128-bit chunks of information at a time.
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Chapter 22: Security Hardware
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the types of doors and locks that should be used to secure an area.
Q2) A(n)____ is an unsecure network that operates between the public Internet and the private LAN.
A)DMC
B)DMZ
C)DML
D)HDZ
Q3) Discuss handwriting authentication.
Q4) What are biometric devices?
Q5) Computers with two network adapters
A)Multi-homed
B)Intrusion Detection System
C)Link aggregation
D)Fault tolerance
E)Hardening
Q6) Bandwidth ____________________ is where anyone with a wireless device can connect to the unsecure wireless network and use its bandwidth for free.
Q7) _____________________ involves the process of identifying a user to a computer.
Q8) Describe a physical security plan.
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Chapter 23: Security Software
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Q1) A sophisticated denial of service attack that is spread out to many attacking computer systems is called a ____.
A)DDOS
B)DOS
C)DDOD
D)DOD
Q2) The command ____ translates certain names into their associated IP addresses or port numbers.
A)netstat -n
B)netstat -r -n
C)netstat -a
D)netstat -a -n
Q3) In order to inform the users of their rights and responsibilities while using computers on an institutions network a(n)____ is made available.
A)Internet Rights Policy
B)Acceptable Use Policy
C)Internet Abuse Policy
D)Standard Rights Policy
Q4) A(n)____________________ describes the steps needed to execute the policy.
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Chapter 24: Forensic Techniques
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Q1) The first thing you want to do before analyzing network traffic is make sure you have permission to look at it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________________ tools are programs designed to look at specific data structures within the operating system.
Q3) The printer spool files will have extensions of ____.
A).ips and .ipl
B).spl and .ips
C).spl and .shd
D).spl and .splx
Q4) What is the pre-incident preparation that must take place for a CSIRT?
Q5) The ____________________ is a written record of all interaction with the evidence from the moment it is acquired to the moment it is released.
Q6) List the steps in the incident response process.
Q7) A network of honeypots is called a(n)____________________.
Q8) The ____________________ contains items that were recently deleted from a Windows computer system.
Q9) The FAT stores files in dynamic chains of ____________________.
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