Investigative Techniques Exam
Preparation Guide
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the methods and practices used in conducting investigations within various professional fields, such as law enforcement, journalism, and private security. Emphasizing both theoretical foundations and practical applications, the course covers essential topics including evidence collection and preservation, interviewing and interrogation techniques, surveillance methods, report writing, and legal/ethical considerations. Through case studies, simulations, and hands-on exercises, students develop critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to conduct thorough and effective investigations.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Investigation 11th Edition by Charles R Swanson
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22 Chapters
1210 Verified Questions
1210 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard's ________,which asserts that when perpetrators come into contact with the scene,they will leave something of themselves and take away something from the scene.
Answer: exchange principle
Q2) In 1892,who published the first definitive book on dactylography,Finger Prints?
A) Sir Francis Galton.
B) Henri Lacassagne.
C) Henry Balthazard.
D) Calvin Goddard.
Answer: A
Q3) What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?
A) It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B) The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C) The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D) Both B and C.
Answer: C
Q4) The major private detective agency of the 19 century was formed by ________. Answer: Alan Pinkerton
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Legal Aspects of Investigation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by a plain view seizure and what are the requirements for conducting such a seizure by a law enforcement officer?
Answer: If an officer is lawfully in a place and sees contraband or evidence in plain view,the officer may seize the evidence and it will be admissible.Officers are not required to turn their backs on a crime being committed in their presence.It is critical that the officer has a lawful right to be where he/she can see the evidence in plain view.An officer on the street outside a house,who looks in the window and sees contraband,can legally seize it,but if that same officer is standing on a box,peering inside a window overlooking the backyard,without justification,he/she cannot expect any subsequent seizure to be upheld.
Q2) Is a "John Doe" arrest warrant valid under any circumstances? Explain.
Answer: John Doe warrants may be valid under certain circumstances provided the warrant is issued for a person who can be described as required by the Constitution.John Doe is used if a name,alias,or nickname is unknown.However,the other type of John Doe warrant,which is merely issued for any person who might have committed that offense without satisfying the particular description requirement of the Constitution,is totally invalid.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Investigators, the Investigative Process, and the Crime Scene
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Sample Questions
Q1) The actions taken at the crime scene immediately following the detection and reporting of the crime constitute the
A) essential part of police work.
B) follow-up investigation.
C) cold search.
D) preliminary investigation.
Answer: D
Q2) The chain of custody is the witnessed,unbroken,written chronological history of who had the evidence and when they had the evidence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is a bloodborne pathogen that is spread by
A) casual contact.
B) sweat, tears, saliva or urine.
C)toilet seats, telephones, swimming pools, or drinking fountains.
D) none of theabove.
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Physical Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) You collect a shirt with wet bloodstains on it at the crime scene.What do you do with it?
Q2) A handgun used in a murder is recovered by a diver.Which of the following should be used to develop any latent prints?
A) Small Particular Reagent (SPR)
B) Amido Black
C) SuperGlue
D) Basic Yellow 40
Q3) ________ is used to develop latent prints on the adhesive side of almost any kind of tape and is also useful on plastic surfaces.The results can be enhanced by viewing the treated area under laser illumination.
Q4) What three factors account for the rapid rise in superglue fuming?
Q5) Which of the following is/are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence?
A) Gather soil as quickly as sound action permits.
B) Collect soil samples where there are noticeable changes in composition, color, and texture.
C) Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the questioned soil may have originated.
D) All are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence.
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Chapter 5: Interviewing and Interrogation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States Supreme Court ruled in Escobedo v.Illinois that because Escobedo was not advised of his Fifth Amendment rights before he was questioned,his confession was not admitted into evidence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What device denotes micro variations in the audible and non-audible portions of speech?
A) Polygraph.
B) Kinesological Brain Wave Analyzer.
C) Computer Voice Stress Analysis.
D) Neuron Voice Sensor Detector.
Q3) Which of the following factors affect a witness's perception?
A) Physical characteristics.
B) Emotional characteristics.
C) Attitude.
D) All of the preceding are correct.
Q4) Define and discuss the similarities and differences between interviews and interrogations.
Q5) What is the evidentiary test for admissibility of confessions and admissions?
Page 7
Q6) What factors motivate witnesses to give or withhold information?
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Chapter 6: Field Notes and Reporting
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Q1) The ________ of a person may be of some importance to an investigation.It may be useful in suggesting times when a person might be successfully and conveniently contacted.
Q2) Using the data generated by a series of police incident reports to produce a crime analysis report would be an example of how incident reports can be used for what type of purpose?
A) Educational.
B) Productivity.
C) Operational.
D) Analytical.
Q3) Identify and briefly discuss four reasons why field notes are important.
Q4) National crime reporting in this country dates back roughly 150 years,to the time when the FBI began collecting and publishing annual "counts" of offenses in its Uniform Crime Reports (UCR).
A)True
B)False
Q5) How are "smart" MCTs and I-pads being used in law enforcement?
Q6) The continuance of a particular investigation beyond ________ should require supervisory approval to ensure proper use of an investigator's time.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Follow-Up Investigation and Investigative Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ are filled out when patrolling officers identify persons or vehicles that are suspicious to them but are not connected with any particular offense.
Q2) Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?
A) State the problem
B) Gather relevant data
C) Form a hypothesis
D) All of the above are steps in the scientific method
Q3) The police have noted that a single bar where underage drinkers are served is also the location of numerous fights.In crime analysis terms this would be considered A) a spree.
B) a pattern.
C) a hot spot.
D) a trend.
Q4) ________ is an investigative strategy that used the locations of a series of crimes to determine the most probable area of the offender's residence.
Q5) Identify three reasons why there must be periodic evaluations about whether to continue or terminate a surveillance operation?
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Chapter 8: The Crime Laboratory
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Sample Questions
Q1) What organization is the primary credentialing organization for crime labs?
A) American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD).
B) American Crime Laboratory Accreditation Society (ACLAS).
C) Commission on Crime Laboratory Accreditation (CCLA).
D) North American Crime Laboratory Association (NACLA).
Q2) Contamination is a big issue in the collection and packaging of evidence containing DNA.Coughing or sneezing while handling DNA evidence can cause contamination.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the measures of effectiveness of crime laboratories.
Q4) Which of the following is not a requirement of the ethics codes as required by the code of ethics for forensic science?
A) Integrity.
B) Competence.
C) Trustworthiness.
D) Training.
Q5) A ________ search is conducted when a DNA sample collected from a crime does not match any of the samples in the data base.
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Chapter 9: Injury and Death Investigations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a drowning case,which of the following may occur in drowning victims?
A) The mastoid cells of the ear have hemorrhaged.
B) There may be water in the stomach and duodenum.
C) Algae and other marine particles may be found in the stomach and adhering to the sides of the air passages.
D) All of the preceding may be found in a drowning victim.
Q2) Burns are medically classified into four types.________ burns are superficial and limited to the outer layers of skin.
Q3) The ingestion of liquid ________ is sometimes clear from outward signs on the body,causing considerable damage to lips,tongue,and mouth.
Q4) What is forensic entomology and what role can be played by entomologists in estimating time of death?
Q5) The investigation of felonious injuries and criminal homicides are viewed as among the most serious offenses committed in our society even though the "weak" penalties do not reflect society's concerns.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss why estimating the time of death can be problematic.
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Chapter 10: Sex-Related Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can condom trace evidence be of value in linking acts of serial rapists?
Q2) Manufacturers produce many types of condoms with latex rubber condoms being the largest number in existence due to the lesser cost associated with them.Manufacturers add other substances known as exchangeable traces.Which of the following is not an exchangeable trace?
A) Particulates.
B) Lubricants.
C) Powder.
D) Spermicide.
Q3) Sperm is
A) the viscid whitish fluid produced in the male reproductive organ that is ejaculated at the time of orgasm.
B) the tadpole-like organisms that fertilize the female egg.
C) the body fluid produced by females during sexual intercourse.
D) pubic hair found on the suspect and victim.
Q4) What items can be surreptitiously collected in an effort to obtain DNA from suspects during questioning?
Q5) ________ is noncoital sex - usually anal or oral sex.
Q6) Why do women sometimes make false rape allegations?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Crimes Against Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP)?
Q2) Where does much of the commercial child pornography distributed in the United States originate from?
A) Underground child pornography rings, primarily on the West Coast of the United States.
B) From Mexico.
C) From foreign countries.
D) From producers in New York City.
Q3) Which of the following is/are uses of child pornography?
A) Sexual arousal and gratification of pedophiles.
B) To lower a child's inhibitions and for blackmail.
C) A medium of exchange and for profit.
D) All of the preceding are uses of child pornography.
Q4) Which type of burn injury is a partial-thickness burn,part of the skin is damaged,blisters contain clear fluid,and has pink underlying tissue?
A) First Degree.
B) Second Degree.
C) Third Degree.
D) Fourth Degree.
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Chapter 12: Human Trafficking
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major difference between trafficking and smuggling is
A) who the victim is.
B) the individual's freedom of choice.
C) who initiated the illegal entry
D) who stands to profit from the activity
Q2) Discuss where investigators should look and the indicators of the presence of trafficking victims of which they should be aware.
Q3) Foreign victims found in labor trafficking may have entered the country under a/the____________.
Q4) Nationwide anti-trafficking task forces are comprised of
A) federal, state, and local law-enforcement investigators
B) federal, state, and local prosecutors
C) non-governmental victim service providers
D) All of the above are part of the task force
Q5) Discuss the psychological impact of sex trafficking and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Q6) Worldwide,men suffer disproportionately from trafficking.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Discuss the differences between human smuggling and trafficking.
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Chapter 13: Robbery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about truck hijacking is/are correct?
A)The driver may be cooperating with the hijackers.
B)Hijackers tend to steal high value and/or easy to dispose of goods.
C) Hijackings occur more frequently in or near large cities.
D) All of the preceding are correct.
Q2) The officers' previous experience with,and knowledge of,a particular location increases their vulnerability and is known as
A) action stereotyping.
B) physical stereotyping.
C) situational stereotyping.
D) racial stereotyping.
Q3) The importance of robbery resides in its
A) economics and fear that its creates.
B) frequency and the potential for violence.
C) resistance to investigative efforts.
D) all of the preceding are correct.
Q4) When is purse snatching a robbery?
Q5) Give a profile of visible street robberies.
Q6) Why is it important to have a standard operating procedure for robbery investigations?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Burglary
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an ATM attack,the stand-alone ATM is physically __________________to a waiting panel truck,a truck with a lift,a pickup,or a U-Haul-type truck.
Q2) A burglary has occurred but no apparent force was used.This is referred to as a
A) SWAT entry.
B) stealth entry.
C) surreptitious entry.
D) quiet entry.
Q3) Which type safe historically had round doors,was made of heavier metal,and were insulated to provide fire protection?
A) Fire-resistant safe.
B) Money chests.
C) Burglar resistant safes.
D) Both B and C
Q4) Which of the following is not an element of the crime of burglary?
A) Breaking.
B) Fear.
C) Entering.
D) With the intent to commit a crime therein.
Q5) A police ________ is an effective means of combating fences.
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Chapter 15: Larceny Theft and White-Collar Crime
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Q1) Why do criminals want to launder money?
A) Avoid prosecution.
B) Increase their profits.
C) To appear legitimate.
D) All of the preceding are reasons why criminals want to launder money.
Q2) How are prime bank and promissory note frauds operated?
Q3) The crime of theft by conversion is the same as the traditional larceny charge,with the addition that a person who has been entrusted with something of valuable converts it to their own purpose or use in contravention of his/her legal obligation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Investment fraud whereby investors are paid dividends from the deposits of other investors is referred to as a A) Ponzi scheme.
B) Pyramid scheme.
C) Endless chain scheme.
D) All of the preceding are correct.
Q5) Identify and discuss two telephone/pager scams.
Q6) The missing person fraud is cruel.How is it run?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Vehicle Thefts and Related Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Heavy equipment" is a descriptive term for A) lawn and garden equipment.
B) construction and farm equipment.
C) all equipment manufactured by John Deere, Caterpillar, Ford, and Navistar.
D) mechanical equipment weighing over 25,000 pounds.
Q2) The theft of avionics is lucrative because of
A) the lack of security at airports.
B) the lack of concern by sales outlets about the source of used equipment.
C) the ease of removing identifying numbers.
D) all of the choices are correct.
Q3) The scope of the theft of heavy construction equipment has led manufacturers,dealers,law enforcement,and insurers to support the development of a national database of stolen equipment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The National Insurance Crime Bureau is
A) an agency in the U.S. Justice Department.
B) a branch of the FBI.
C) a non-law enforcement agency created by insurance companies.
D) a division of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Cybercrime
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Q1) When asking for consent to search for computer-related evidence,the investigator is required by law to have the person giving the consent sign a "Consent to Search" waiver.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A parent's ability to give consent to search the room of their child may not be valid if
A) the child in question is 18 year old or older
B) pays rent
C) have asserted their right to deny access to their room
D) All of the above are correct
Q3) One motivation for the activities of an old guard hacker is the need for a challenge. A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the differences between "black hatters" and "white hatters."
Q5) A ________________ occurs when a botnet herder uses all of his/her zombies to overwhelm even the largest servers.
Q6) The consent to search must be freely and _______________ given.
Q7) A/an _______________,may be the most common form of spyware.
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Chapter 18: Agricultural, Wildlife, and Environmental Crimes
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Q1) At night,aircraft can also be useful in pinpointing places where it appears that artificial light is being used by poachers to take game,a tactic known as ________.
Q2) State and briefly describe different methods of marking livestock for identification.
Q3) Forest economists have estimated that this many trees are illegally cut down annually.
A) 1 in every 10
B) 5 in every 10
C) 7 in every 10
D) 9 in every 10
Q4) Fossil hunters who invade public and private lands are known as
A) fossil rustlers.
B) fossil wranglers.
C) bone rustlers.
D) bone diggers.
Q5) Private and public land is being invaded by stealthy fossil hunters,who are also described as bonepirates.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Arson and Explosives Investigations
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Q1) When developing an arson suspect,what factors must be proven to eliminate all others?
A) Motive and opportunity.
B) Motive and means to commit the crime.
C) Motive, opportunity and means.
D) Motive, "payoff," and means.
Q2) Spalling describes the
A) breaking off of pieces of the surface of concrete, cement, or brick due to intense heat.
B) boundary between charred and uncharred material.
C) depth of the burning of wood.
D) formation of irregular cracks in glass due to rapid, intense heat.
Q3) In ________ explosions,the high-pressure gas is produced by purely physical reactions.
Q4) Most chemical ignition units leave some residue; have a distinctive odor,or both.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the "layer checking" technique and how can it assist in determining the cause and origin of a fire?
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Chapter 20: Recognition, Control, and Investigation of Drug Abuse
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Q1) What rule states that courts will exclude any evidence that is obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment's provisions against unreasonable searches and seizures,no matter how pertinent it is to the case at hand?
A) Illegal search warrant rule.
B) Fourteenth Amendment.
C) Terry v. Ohio.
D) Exclusionary Rule.
Q2) Most illegal drug laboratory operations are closed as a result of A) police raids following investigative work.
B) an accidental fire started in the drug laboratory.
C) neighbors in the area acting as vigilantes and setting the laboratory on fire.
D) rival drug gangs.
Q3) ________ is a slang term that refers to the simultaneous ingestion,usually through injection,of heroin (a depressant)and cocaine ( a stimulant).
Q4) ________ hydrochloride is a synthetic drug that was developed in the mid-1960s and is an anesthetic agent that has legitimate uses,mostly in veterinary medicine.
Q5) What are the major exceptions to searching without a search warrant?
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Chapter 21: Terrorism
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Q1) List several steps that every police agency and/or officer can do to help prevent terrorism.
Q2) The basic concept of the ________ is that the teachings of Islam were corrupted after the time of the Prophet Muhammed.The group is centered in Saudi Arabia.
Q3) Ecoterrorism,according to the FBI,is the use,or threatened use,of violence of a criminal nature against innocent victims or property by an environmentally oriented national group for environmental-political reasons,or aimed at an audience beyond the target,which is often chosen for its symbolic nature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In general,right-wing militias believe there will be a "showdown" with the ________ so they stockpile weapons and food.
Q5) One of the five pillars of Islamic faith is charitable giving.What term is used to denote this pillar?
A) Hawala.
B) Fasalaw.
C) Hawak.
D) Zakat.
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Chapter 22: The Trial Process and the Investigator As a Witness
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Q1) The process by which individuals swore to tell the truth on the basis of their sacred belief in a supreme being is called a/an.
A) Oath
B) Affirmation
C) Declaration
D) None of the above are correct
Q2) A ________ concerning the facts and circumstances of the fatal injury made by the victim of a homicide who is about to die,and does not hope to recover is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule.
Q3) During an ongoing criminal investigation,what factors must the criminal investigator consider in deciding whether to make an arrest and when to make it?
Q4) The type of evidence by which an unknown fact is inferred from a series of known facts is called
A) direct evidence.
B) demonstrative evidence.
C) circumstantial evidence.
D) opinion evidence.
Q5) The ________ is the combination of all the elements of the crime.
Page 24
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