Introductory Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introductory Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning, sensation and perception, memory, motivation, emotion, development across the lifespan, personality, psychological disorders, treatment of mental illness, and social psychology. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students will learn to apply psychological concepts to everyday life and develop a critical understanding of how psychological research shapes our interpretation of human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask?
A) How stable is personality over the lifespan?
B) Why do we like some people and not others?
C) What effect does anxiety have on test performance?
D) Do depressed people think differently than non-depressed people?
Answer: B
Q2) Christine is a psychologist who conducts research on the effects of reward on maze learning in rats.Christine would MOST likely be considered a A) behaviorist.
B) structuralist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) Gestalt psychologist.
Answer: A
Q3) According to John Watson,behavior is governed primarily by A) heredity.
B) personal motives.
C) the environment.
D) unconscious desires.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scarlett is a graduate student who is observing children playing together after watching a film.She knows that some children saw a film that contained graphic scenes of violence and some children saw a non-violent film,but she doesn't know which film each child she is observing watched.In this case,Scarlett is recording data for A) a double-blind research study.
B) a study with two independent variables.
C) an unethical research study.
D) a correlational study with confounded variables.
Answer: A
Q2) Mrs.Smith,an elementary school teacher,believes that girls are smarter than boys.She predicts that the girls in her class will learn more than the boys during the school year.Her prediction is a(n)
A) hypothesis.
B) opinion.
C) fact.
D) theory.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hormone is
A) a chemical secreted into the blood by a gland.
B) a brain structure below the hypothalamus.
C) a location in the brain where a specific memory is stored.
D) a neurotransmitter that crosses into the bloodstream.
Answer: A
Q2) The dopamine system involved in Parkinson's disease is located in which of the following areas of the brain?
A) brainstem
B) hindbrain
C) midbrain
D) forebrain
Answer: C
Q3) The correct order that information passes through in a neuron is
A) dendrite, soma, axon.
B) axon, soma, dendrite.
C) dendrite, axon, soma.
D) axon, dendrite, soma.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The depth perception cue based on the observation that parallel lines converge in the distance is
A) height in plane.
B) retinal disparity.
C) linear perspective.
D) interposition.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the perceived or psychological qualities of sound waves?
A) pitch
B) purity
C) timbre
D) loudness
Q3) In explaining color vision,contemporary researchers claim that at the level of the cones color vision occurs via a(n)____ process but along the neural pathway from the LGN to the visual cortex the process is a(n)____ one.
A) opponent process; trichromatic
B) trichromatic; opponent process
C) trichromatic; additive
D) opponent; subtractive
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) An electroencephalograph is a device that measures
A) glucose metabolism in the brain.
B) muscle tension in the body.
C) respiration rates as an index of arousal.
D) electrical activity of the brain.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding the study of consciousness is accurate?
A) Psychology began as the study of behavior rather than the study of consciousness.
B) John Watson and others viewed psychology as the science of consciousness.
C) The 1960s saw an increase in the study of variations of consciousness.
D) Today, psychologists are generally not interested in studying issues related to consciousness.
Q3) People who rarely remember their dreams probably
A) are from non-Western cultures.
B) are among the 15% of the population who do not dream.
C) have their last REM sleep period a relatively long time before they awaken.
D) have their last REM sleep period immediately before they awaken.
Q4) What are dreams and what is known about the significance of their content?
Q5) Describe the changes in sleep patterns that occur as one ages.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called
A) reinforcement contingencies.
B) stimulus contiguities.
C) schedules of reinforcement.
D) antecedents.
Q2) Food would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer,while money would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer.
Q3) In a Skinner box,the cumulative recorder
A) permits the experimenter to control the reinforcement contingencies.
B) provides a complete record of everything the animal does.
C) delivers the reinforcers.
D) creates a graphic record of operant responding as a function of time.
Q4) The evolutionary history of rats has rendered them ____ to associate a taste CS with an illness US,and ____ to associate that same CS with an electric shock US.
A) prepared; prepared
B) prepared; unprepared
C) unprepared; unprepared
D) unprepared; prepared
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Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Q1) The basic tenet of the ____________________ theory of forgetting is that if you fail to use a memory,over time,its brain trace will fade.
Q2) The probable reason that Ebbinghaus' forgetting curves were so steep was that Ebbinghaus
A) had a poor memory.
B) learned too many lists.
C) used very meaningless materials.
D) used autobiographical materials.
Q3) As Art was walking out the door of his apartment,he was quickly running through a mental list of all the things he was supposed to take with him.He went through the complete list of items four or five times,just to make sure he hadn't forgotten anything.Based on Baddeley's model of working memory,Art was utilizing A) the visuospatial sketchpad to arrange all the information he needed.
B) the phonological loop to temporarily hold his list of essential items.
C) the central executive system to juggle all the information he needed to consider.
D) his prospective memory to remember the actions he still needed to perform.
Q4) Compare and evaluate decay theory and interference theory as explanations of forgetting.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the results from the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation,if an individual is faced with a simple decision you should encourage the individual to
A) use conscious, careful deliberation.
B) focus on the way the decision is framed.
C) make an unconscious, intuitive decision.
D) delay the decision for as long as possible.
Q2) When a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than the word is meant to describe,the child is making an error of A) overregularization.
B) overextension.
C) underextension.
D) fast mapping.
Q3) ____________________ theories argue that the neural circuits supporting language are not prewired,but develop gradually in response to language learning experiences.
Q4) What are the steps that you would go through to solve the problem of finding the best Chinese restaurant in your new town?
Q5) Summarize evidence on language acquisition in animals.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
A) means
B) standard deviations
C) percentiles
D) correlation coefficients
Q2) The youngest age at which IQ scores are fairly good predictors of adult IQ is
A) 1-2 years old.
B) 3-5 years old.
C) 7-9 years old.
D) 15-16 years old.
Q3) Which of the following statements BEST reflects current thinking regarding the relationship between creativity and mental illness?
A) Creativity and psychological maladjustment are probably causally related.
B) Creativity and psychological well-being appear to be completely unrelated.
C) There is a weak but significant relationship between creativity and susceptibility to multiple personality disorder.
D) There may be a correlation between major creative achievement and vulnerability to mood disorders.
Q4) Describe the components of Sternberg's concept of "successful intelligence."
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basic idea behind the set-point theory of body weight is that
A) the body monitors fat stores and tries to keep them stable.
B) the body monitors carbohydrate stores and tries to keep them stable.
C) the body monitors protein levels and tries to keep them stable.
D) glucostats are critical in weight control.
Q2) Walking through the forest you see a bear.All at once,your heart starts pounding,you feel fear,and you run.This description BEST illustrates the ____ theory of emotion.
A) commonsense
B) Cannon-Bard
C) James-Lange
D) Schachter two-factor
Q3) Research suggests that approximately ________ of children and adolescents in the United States are obese.
A) 20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent
Q4) Summarize evidence on the impact of erotic materials,including aggressive pornography,on human sexual behavior.
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) A five-year-old boy tells you that his kindergarten class has more boys than children.This indicates that he
A) fails to understand the concept of reversibility.
B) dislikes girls.
C) cannot yet solve problems involving conservation of number.
D) cannot handle hierarchical classification problems.
Q2) According to the ____ trend,you would expect your newborn niece to be able to raise her head before she can sit.
A) maturational
B) developmental
C) cephalocaudal
D) proximodistal
Q3) Avery is excited by the fact that she has begun to feel her baby kicking and moving in her uterus.If Avery can feel her baby moving,her pregnancy must be in the A) embryonic stage.
B) germinal stage.
C) fetal stage.
D) neonatal stage.
Q4) Dementia occurs in ____________________ of people over the age of 75.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alan has always done poorly in his math courses; he must take a statistics course next term to graduate.He is not confident he will do well in the statistics course and is very nervous about taking the course.In this example,Alan shows evidence of having
A) high incongruence with respect to math.
B) low self-efficacy in math.
C) high self-efficacy in math.
D) a mathematical neurosis.
Q2) How,according to Terror Management Theory,does culture solve the existential crisis created by awareness of death?
A) It gives members a sense of being part of a enduring legacy by creating stories and traditions.
B) It provides people with a sense of personal self-worth.
C) It functions as an anxiety buffer.
D) It creates mortality salience by encouraging humans to think about their own death.
Q3) ____________________'s followers view personality as a collection of response tendencies that are shaped by learning and tied to specific stimulus situations.
Q4) Briefly describe the revisions of Freud's theory proposed by Jung and Adler.
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Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following psychologists is known for conducting classic research on obedience to authority?
A) Solomon Asch
B) Daryl Bem
C) Leon Festinger
D) Stanley Milgram
Q2) The elaboration likelihood model of attitude change suggests that the central route to persuasion is associated with more enduring attitude change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Frequently,companies use professionals such as doctors and dentists to recommend products in advertisements since professionals are most likely to be perceived as having
A) likability.
B) trustworthiness.
C) expertise.
D) intelligence.
Q4) Explain how stereotypes,and other factors contribute to subjectivity in person perception.
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Harry is an excellent basketball player who seldom misses a shot during practice.After yesterday's practice Harry's coach told him that some scouts from a big college would be at today's practice.Based on the research by Baumeister,it is likely that this increase in pressure will make Harry
A) more self-conscious and will interfere with his performance
B) less self-conscious and will interfere with his performance
C) more self-conscious, causing him to play even better
D) less self-conscious, causing him to play even better
Q2) Luigi knows that the surgeon general has determined that smoking increases the risk of various types of cancers,however he is sure he won't develop cancer.Luigi's pattern of behavior illustrates the idea that
A) many health-impairing habits creep up on us
B) people tend to rationalize high-risk behaviors by pointing out healthy habits that offset their unhealthy habits
C) people often underestimate the risks associated with their own health-impairing behaviors
D) people believe the risks associated with health-impairing habits are overstated by media sources
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some of the most prominent modern theories of the mood disorders focus primarily on cognitive factors.You learned in Chapter 10 that some theorists believe the experience of emotion is heavily influenced by cognitive factors.In what ways do some of these cognitive theories of emotion agree with theories about cognitive factors in the etiology of the mood disorders?
Q2) A prognosis
A) is a forecast about the probable course of an illness. B) involves distinguishing one illness from another.
C) refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness. D) is a plan for treating an illness.
Q3) A concordance rate indicates
A) the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder. B) agreement rates between physicians in diagnosing psychological disorders. C) the degree to which psychological factors affect physical health. D) the degree to which biological factors affect psychological adjustment.
Q4) ____________________ personality disorder is marked by impulsive,irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.
Q5) Discuss the evidence on the relationship between culture and pathology.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Martin Seligman asserts that people who have ____________________ respond best when they are treated using systematic desensitization.
Q2) The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to
A) train in deep muscle relaxation.
B) build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) relax while visualizing a fearful stimulus.
D) achieve successive goals approximations.
Q3) Your friend is interested in becoming a psychologist and wants to specialize in working with the most severe mental health problems,what specialty is she MOST likely to choose?
A) counseling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist
Q4) Compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs,atypical antipsychotics
A) have less risk for tardive dyskinesia.
B) have less risk of cardiovascular problems.
C) have more unpleasant side effects.
D) are less effective.
Q5) Antipsychotic drugs are used primarily in the treatment of ____________________.
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Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Kleiman gives an exam where most of the students receive failing grades and only a few students receive high scores.When the exam scores are plotted,the distribution will be
A) positively skewed.
B) negatively skewed.
C) symmetrical.
D) impossible to predict without more information.
Q2) Professor Latimore gives an exam that turns out to be exceptionally easy and everyone does well,yielding a
A) normal distribution.
B) negatively skewed distribution.
C) positively skewed distribution.
D) bimodal distribution.
Q3) The three measures of central tendency tend to converge in a A) symmetrical distribution.
B) asymmetrical distribution.
C) positively skewed distribution.
D) negatively skewed distribution.
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If there is a good match between a person's characteristics and the characteristics of the place of employment,it is
A) beneficial for both the employee and employer
B) beneficial only for the employee
C) beneficial only for the employer
D) not beneficial for either party
Q2) The process by which new members are absorbed into the culture of an organization is
A) organizational enrichment
B) job satisfaction
C) organizational socialization
D) work efficacy
Q3) An important subfield of human factors psychology which focuses on the capabilities and limitations of the human body is
A) reinforcement theory
B) job enrichment theory
C) ergonomics
D) psychophysics
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that we may have difficulty imagining the risks associated with climate change because of a lack of vivid,personal experiences with melting icecaps and rising sea levels is explained by the _____________ heuristic.
A) anchoring and adjustment
B) representativeness
C) fluency
D) availability
Q2) The first peer-reviewed ecological psychology journal Ecopsychology published its first volume in this year.
A) 1979
B) 1989
C) 1999
D) 2009
Q3) When people perceive in others what they fail to recognize in themselves,it is known as
A) denial.
B) projection.
C) rationalization.
D) identification.
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