Introductory Physics
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Introductory Physics provides students with a foundational understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the physical world. Covering topics such as motion, forces, energy, waves, electricity, and magnetism, this course emphasizes the development of problem-solving skills through conceptual analysis and quantitative reasoning. Laboratory activities and experiments are integrated to reinforce theoretical concepts while fostering scientific inquiry and critical thinking. Designed for those new to physics as well as those preparing for further study in science or engineering, the course lays the groundwork for more advanced topics and practical applications in various fields.
Recommended Textbook
College Physics Strategic Approach with Mastering Physics 2nd Edition by Randall D. Knight
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30 Chapters
1470 Verified Questions
1470 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Representing Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) An oak tree was planted 22 years ago.How many seconds does this correspond to? (Do not take leap days into account. )
A)6.9 × 10<sup>8</sup>
B)1.2 × 10<sup>7</sup>
C)2.9 × 10<sup>7</sup>
D)2.8 × 10<sup>8</sup>
Answer: A
Q2) Estimate the number of times an average person's heart beats in a lifetime.Assume the average heart rate is 69 beats/min and a life span of 75 yr.
A)3 × 10<sup>9</sup> beats
B)3 × 10<sup>8</sup> beats
C)3 × 10<sup>10</sup> beats
D)3 × 10<sup>7</sup> beats
Answer: A
Q3) If a bird is moving at 3.5 m/s at a certain instant of time,then it will travel 3.5 m in the next second.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ball is projected upward at time t = 0.0 s,from a point on a roof 90 m above the ground.The ball rises,then falls and strikes the ground.The initial velocity of the ball is 80.5 m/s.Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction.The velocity of the ball when it is 89 m above the ground is closest to:
A)- 81 m/s
B)- 64 m/s
C)- 48 m/s
D)- 32 m/s
E)- 97 m/s
Answer: A
Q2) The acceleration is always the slope of the "velocity versus time" graph and the velocity is always the slope of the "position versus time" graph.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What quantity is measured by your speedometer (be as specific as possible)?
Answer: Your speedometer tells you the instantaneous speed of your car.
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4
Chapter 3: Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are projectiles subject to constant acceleration in two dimensions?
Answer: Yes,they are subject to the constant acceleration (g)along the vertical.
Q2) An aircraft performs a maneuver called an aileron roll.During this maneuver,the plane turns like a screw as it maintains a straight flight path,by using its ailerons to set the wings in circular motion.If it takes the plane 35 s to complete the circle and each wing length is 4.6 m,what is the acceleration of the wing tip?
A)0.15 m/s<sup>2</sup>
B)0.69 m/s<sup>2</sup>
C)6.7 m/s<sup>2</sup>
D)1.4 m/s<sup>2</sup>
Answer: A
Q3) Jordan ran up the hill at 7.0 m/s.The horizontal component of Jordan's velocity vector was 1.8 m/s.What was the angle of the hill?
A)75 degrees
B)57 degrees
C)33 degrees
D)15 degrees
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Forces and Newtons Laws of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three children pull on a toy in three different directions,yet the toy does not move.Explain how this could be possible.
Q2) A ball is thrown vertically upward,reaches a highest point,and comes back down.At the top of its path,what forces,if any,act on the ball? Explain your answer.
A)no forces
B)only a downward force
C)only an upward force
D)an upward and a downward force,opposing and equal
Q3) A stalled car is being pushed up a hill by three people,and it is moving at a constant speed.The net force on the car is
A)zero.
B)in the same direction of the car's motion.
C)in the opposite direction of the car's motion.
D)None of the above
Q4) A bucket is being lowered by a rope with a constant downward acceleration.The tension in the rope must be equal to the weight of the bucket.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Applying Newtons Laws
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are in a elevator which starts accelerating upward.Explain what happens to your apparent weight,and why.
Q2) A 200 g hockey puck is launched up a metal ramp that is inclined at a 30° angle.The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the hockey puck and the metal ramp are µs = 0.40 and µk = 0.30,respectively.The puck's initial speed is 16 m/s.What vertical height does the puck reach above its starting point?
A)8.6 cm
B)17 cm
C)13 cm
D)4.2 cm
Q3) A falling body accelerates downward until the drag force of the air is equal to the object's weight.After that point,the object will gradually come to rest.
A)True
B)False
Q4) At breakfast one morning,you notice something printed on your cereal box which says "1.0 lb = 0.454 kg." What is wrong with this information?
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Chapter 6: Circular Motion,orbits,and Gravity
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Sample Questions
Q1) At a given point above the surface of Earth,the gravitational acceleration is equal to 7.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>.The altitude of this point,above the surface of Earth,in km,is closest to:
A)770
B)970
C)1500
D)2000
E)2400
Q2) Astronauts in orbit are weightless,but they are not beyond the pull of Earth's gravity.How can this be?
Q3) An ordinary car would not be able to go around an unbanked curve of a perfectly smooth road,no matter how the driver turned the wheels.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a highway curve is properly banked and posted at 45 mph,it is a good idea to drive somewhat below this speed if your tires are bald or if the road is icy.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Rotational Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tall tree and a short tree (both having the same width and mass density)are cut at the base at the same time,and begin tipping over.Which tree hits the ground first?
A)the small tree
B)the tall tree
C)They hit at the same time.
Q2) The table shows the masses and the coordinates x and y of a set of three point masses in the x-y plane.The masses are interconnected by light struts,forming a rigid body.The moment of inertia of the rigid body,through the center of mass and perpendicular to the x-y plane,is closest to:
A)3000 kg m<sup>2</sup>
B)3200 kg m<sup>2</sup>
C)3400 kg m<sup>2</sup>
D)3600 kg m<sup>2</sup>
E)3800 kg m<sup>2</sup>
Q3) If two objects have the same moment of inertia,they must have the same mass.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Equilibrium and Elasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A uniform 600 kg beam,6 m long,is freely pivoted at P.The beam is supported in a horizontal position by a light strut,5 m long,which is freely pivoted at Q and is loosely pinned to the beam at R.A load of mass is suspended from the end of the beam at S.A maximum compression of 25,000 N in the strut is permitted,due to safety.In the figure,under maximum load the y-component of the force exerted on the beam by the pivot at P is closest to:
A)7060 N
B)4560 N
C)9560 N
D)10,000 N
E)zero
Q2) A spring stretches by 21.0 cm when a 135 N object is attached.What is the weight of a fish that would stretch the spring by 44.9 cm?
A)289 N
B)63 N
C)176 N
D)405 N
Q3) Do all points on a rigid,rotating body have the same angular acceleration? Support your answer.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Momentum
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 1.4 kg object at x = 2.00 m,y = 3.10 m moves at 4.62 m/s at an angle 45° north of east.Calculate the magnitude of the object's angular momentum about the origin.
A)5.0 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s
B)3.6 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s
C)6.0 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s
D)7.0 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s
Q2) A uniform,solid flywheel of radius 1.4 m and mass 15 kg rotates at 2.4 rad/s.What is the magnitude of the flywheel's angular momentum?
A)35 kgm<sup>2</sup>/s
B)18 kgm<sup>2</sup>/s
C)70 kgm<sup>2</sup>/s
D)53 kgm<sup>2</sup>/s
Q3) A 1200 kg cannon fires a 100.0 kg cannonball at 35 m/s.What is the recoil velocity of the cannon? Assume that frictional forces are negligible and the cannon is fired horizontally.
A)2.9 m/s
B)35 m/s
C)3.5 m/s
D)3.2 m/s
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Energy and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) A crane lifts a 425 kg steel beam vertically upward a distance of 117 m.How much work does the crane do on the beam if the beam accelerates upward at 1.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>? Neglect frictional forces.
A)5.8 × 105 J
B)3.4 × 105J
C)4.0 × 105 J
D)4.9 × 105 J
Q2) If one lifts a box and walks up a couple of floors,how would the change in potential energy be accounted for?
Q3) Calculate the average power output necessary for a 55.8 kg person to run up a 12.0 m long hillside,which is inclined at 25.0° above the horizontal,in 3.00 s.Express your answer in horsepower.
A)1.24 hp
B)2.93 hp
C)1.86 hp
D)0.74 hp
Q4) Is energy conserved during a two-car collision?
Q5) A cannon recoils after it fires a shell.If you measure the range of the shell,can you find the energy released by the gunpowder?
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Chapter 11: Using Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Carnot-efficiency engine operating between a reservoir of liquid mercury at its melting point and a colder reservoir extracts 15.0 J of heat from the mercury and does 4.0 J of work during each cycle.What is the temperature of the colder reservoir? Mercury melts at 233 K.
A)171 K
B)62 K
C)47 K
D)67 K
Q2) Heat can be transformed into work with 100% efficiency,but work cannot be transformed into heat with 100% efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A heat engine has a maximum possible efficiency of 0.800.If it operates between a deep lake with a constant temperature of 287.0 K and a hot reservoir,what is the temperature of the hot reservoir?
A)1440 K
B)359 K
C)517 K
D)646 K
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Thermal Properties of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two objects,A and B,are not in thermal equilibrium with each other.Object C is in thermal equilibrium with object A.What can you say about objects B and C with respect to thermal equilibrium?
Q2) A glass beaker of unknown mass contains 65.0 mL of water.The system absorbs 2000.0 cal of heat and the temperature rises 20.0ºC as a result.What is the mass of the beaker? (The specific heat for glass is .18 cal/g · ºC. )
A)190 g
B)560 g
C)540 g
D)270,000 g
Q3) In the equation pV = nRT,
A)T is measured in degrees Celsius.
B)R has different values for different gases.
C)V is the velocity of the flowing gas.
D)n is the number of moles of gas.
Q4) For an ideal gas the internal energy U depends only on A)volume.
B)temperature.
C)pressure.
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Chapter 13: Fluids
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a uniform sphere is compressed to half of its original diameter,its mass remains the same but its density becomes 8 times as great.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How many grams of ethanol (specific gravity 0.80)should be added to 5 grams of chloroform (specific gravity 1.50)if the resulting mixture is to have a specific gravity of 1.20?
A)2.0 g
B)2.4 g
C)1.8 g
D)4.4 g
E)1.6 g
Q3) A compressed gas with a total mass of 203 kg is stored in a spherical container that has a radius of 0.521 m.What is the density of the compressed gas?
A)343 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
B)209 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
C)254 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
D)305 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
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Chapter 14: Oscillations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 0.12 kg block on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to a spring whose force constant is 570 N/m.The block is pulled from its equilibrium position at x = 0 m to a displacement x = +0.080 m and is released from rest.The block then executes simple harmonic motion along the x-axis (horizontal).The displacement of the block at time t = 0.20 s is closest to:
A)0.01 m
B)-0.01 m
C)0.08 m
D)-0.08 m
E)0.1 m
Q2) An object undergoing simple harmonic motion has a maximum displacement of 6.2 m at t = 0.0 s.If the angular frequency of oscillation is 1.6 rad/s,what is the object's displacement when t = 3.5 s?
A)4.8 m
B)5.6 m
C)3.7 m
D)3.1 m
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Chapter 15: Traveling Waves and Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 2.31 kg rope is stretched between supports 10.4 m apart.If one end of the rope is tweaked,how long will it take for the resulting disturbance to reach the other end?
Assume that the tension in the rope is 74.4 N.
A)0.568 s
B)0.585 s
C)0.540 s
D)0.500 s
Q2) For a sound wave in air of frequency 3500 Hz and average intensity 1 W/m<sup>2</sup> (pain threshold)what is the maximum change in pressure (pressure amplitude)of the wave?
A)28.6 N/m<sup>2</sup>
B)816 N/m<sup>2</sup>
C)20.2 N/m<sup>2</sup>
D)3.18 × 10<sup>-6 </sup>N/m<sup>2</sup>
Q3) A wave pulse moves along a uniform string.The speed of this wave is constant but the speed of the particles of the string changes with time.
A)True
B)False
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17
Chapter 16: Superposition and Standing Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the figure above,some wavefronts are emitted by a source of sound S.This picture can help us to understand
A)why the siren on a police car changes its pitch as it races past us.
B)why a sound grows quieter as we move away from the source.
C)how sonar works.
D)the phenomenon of beats.
E)why it is that our hearing is best near 3000 Hz.
Q2) A guitar string is fixed at both ends.If you tighten it to increase its tension,the frequencies of its normal modes will increase but its wavelengths will not be affected.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An open organ pipe is tuned to a given frequency.A second pipe with both ends open resonates with twice this frequency.What is the ratio of the length of the first pipe to the second pipe?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D).5
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Chapter 17: Wave Optics
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 18 mm wide diffraction grating has rulings of 710 lines per mm.Light is incident normally on the grating.Monochromatic light of 506 nm wavelength is used.The largest angle from the normal at which an intensity maximum is formed is closest to:
A)46°
B)44°
C)42°
D)40°
E)38°
Q2) A 17 mm wide diffraction grating has rulings of 530 lines per mm.Light is incident normally on the grating.The longest wavelength that forms an intensity maximum in the fifth order is closest to:
A)377 nm
B)352 nm
C)402 nm
D)427 nm
E)452 nm
Q3) Why are only about 6-10 minima seen when light illuminates a single slit?
Q4) How wide is a single slit that gives its first minimum at 90°?
Q5) What is the difference between diffraction and interference?
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Chapter 18: Ray Optics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A screen and a converging lens of focal length f are arranged to have an image of the moon fall on the screen.What is the distance between the lens and the screen?
A)infinity
B)f
C)2f
D)f/2
Q2) In Situation 18.2,the lateral magnification of the image is closest to:
A)+0.4
B)+0.7
C)+1.5
D)-0.7
E)-1.5
Q3) Why shouldn't you spray water on your roses at noon?
Q4) Total internal reflection can occur only when light passes from a material of high refractive index to one of low refractive index,never the other way around.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Optical Instruments
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 35 mm camera equipped with a 45 mm focal length lens is used to photograph a tree 15 m tall.The aperture of the lens is set at f/ 2.The aperture diameter at f/ 2,in mm,is closest to:
A)23
B)14
C)18
D)27
E)31
Q2) The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length of 2.50 cm and the objective has a focal length of 1.60 cm.The two lenses are separated by 14.0 cm.The microscope is used by a person with normal eyes (near point at 25 cm).What is the angular magnification of the microscope?
A)72
B)88
C)180
D)219
E)115
Q3) The intensity of light decreases as the f-number of a camera lens is increased.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Electric Fields and Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you rub a balloon on your sweater and then press it to a wall,it will often stick there.Why does this happen?
A)Rubbing removes a surface layer of grease,allowing the rubber to come in sufficiently close contact with the wall so that air pressure holds it there.
B)Rubbing the balloon charges it electrostatically,and this charge on the balloon induces an opposite charge on the wall.The attraction between the induced charge and the charge on the balloon holds the balloon to the wall.
C)A wall typically has a net electric charge on it,and rubbing the balloon charges it electrostatically.If the wall happens to have opposite charge to that on the balloon,the balloon will stick.
D)Rubbing the balloon causes moisture to condense on it,and surface tension causes the balloon to stick to the wall.
E)Rubbing the balloon surface causes it to become slightly conducting.When the balloon is touched to the wall,electrons flow from the balloon to the wall.This sets up an electric field that bonds the balloon weakly to the wall.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Electric Potential
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Sample Questions
Q1) A proton is projected toward a fixed nucleus of charge +Ze with velocity vo.Initially the two particles are very far apart.When the proton is a distance R from the nucleus its velocity has decreased to 1/2 v<sub>o</sub>.How far from the nucleus will the proton be when its velocity has dropped to 1/4 v<sub>o</sub>?
A)1/16 R
B)1/4 R
C)1/2 R
D)4/5 R
E)None of these
Q2) A 3.0 C point charge and a 9.0 C point charge are initially infinitely far apart.How much work does it take to bring the 3.0 C point charge to x = 3.0 mm,y = 0.0 mm,and the 9.0 C point charge to x = -3.0 mm,y = 0.0 mm? (The value of k is 9.0 \(\times\) 10<sup>9</sup> N·m<sup>2</sup>/C<sup>2</sup>. )
A)41 J
B)81 J
C)27 J
D)6.8 J
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Chapter 22: Current and Resistance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A battery is rated that it provides 1.0 mW of power at 9.0 V when fully charged.How much current can it deliver?
A)0.11 mA
B)81 kA
C)0.33 mA
D)9.0 kA
Q2) A 3.0 V battery that can store 400.0 J of energy is connected to a resistor.How much electrical charge must flow between the battery's terminals to completely drain the battery if it is fully charged?
A)130 C
B)0.01 C
C)1200 C
D)0.02 C
Q3) A component with a 17 resistor is rated for use at power levels not exceeding 14 W.How much current can safely flow through the component?
A)0.91 A
B)1.21 A
C)238 A
D)0.22 A
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Circuits
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 4.0 F capacitor is connected in series to a resistor.If an emf source is connected in series to this arrangement,and if the voltage drop across the capacitor is one-half the applied emf .0 ms after the emf source has been connected,what is the resistance of the circuit?
A)2.9 k
B)1.4 k
C)0.35 k
D)0.72 k
Q2) A circuit requires a 500 resistor,but all that is available are 1 k resistors.If the 1 k resistors are in abundant supply,how can they be combined to achieve the desired resistance?
Q3) If a 75 W bulb and a 100 W bulb are connected in series across a 120 V outlet,the 75 W bulb will dissipate 75 W of power and the 100 W bulb will dissipate 100 W of power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Of voltmeters and ammeters,which is/are connected in series?
Q5) The high potential end of a resistor is the end at which the current enters it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Magnetic Fields and Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider a solenoid of length L,N windings,and radius b (L is much longer than b).A current I is flowing through the wire.If the radius of the solenoid were doubled (becoming 2b),and all other quantities remained the same,the magnetic field A)would remain the same. B)would become twice as strong. C)would become one half as strong.
Q2) A solenoid is wound with 470 turns on a form 4 cm in diameter and 50 cm long.The windings carry a current in the sense that is shown.The current produces a magnetic field,of magnitude 4.1 mT,at the center of the solenoid.In the figure,the current in the solenoid windings is closest to:
A)3.5 A
B)3.0 A
C)2.6 A
D)4.3 A
E)3.9 A
Q3) If a charged particle moves at right angles to a magnetic field,it experiences a force.How can the particle have an acceleration if the kinetic energy remains constant?
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Page 26
Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Induction and Electromagnetic Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the figure,two solenoids are in line.The switch S,initially closed,is opened.The polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y is:
A)X and Y are at the same potential
B)X is positive and Y is negative
C)Y is positive and X is negative
Q2) In the figure,a straight wire carries a steady current I.A bar is in contact with a pair of circular rails and rotates about the straight wire.The induced current through the resistor R is:
A)zero
B)from a to b
C)from b to a
Q3) According to Lenz's law,the induced current in a circuit must flow in such a direction to oppose the flux through that circuit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For electromagnetic waves,the electric and magnetic fields are often given in the form of sine waves.Explain how this model of electromagnetic waves does not violate the conservation of energy,especially when the sine functions are zero.
Page 27
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Chapter 26: Ac Electricity
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Sample Questions
Q1) An LC circuit has a resonance frequency of 9.0 kHz.If the inductor in the circuit has a value of 8.0 H,what is the capacitance of the circuit?
A)0.04 pF
B)39 pF
C)1.5 pF
D)4.4 pF
Q2) At 3.68100017 kHz the reactance in a circuit of a 9.0 F capacitor and an inductor are equal in magnitude.What is the value of the inductor?
A)0.00021 H
B)0.000020 mH
C)0.00021 mH
D)0.000020 H
Q3) To find the resonant frequency of an RLC circuit,you could adjust the frequency of the AC source until the current reaches its minimum value.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a circuit doubles its peak voltage,what happens to its rms voltage?
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Chapter 27: Relativity
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Q1) In a common rest frame,event A happens on planet A and event B occurs on planet B 100 y later.If the space time interval between these two events is 90 ly,how far apart are the 2 planets in their common rest frame?
A)44 ly
B)35 ly
C)49 ly
D)54 ly
Q2) Calculate the speed at which a 0.272 kg object has the same momentum as a 1.30 kg object moving 0.515 c.
A)0.944 c
B)0.922 c
C)0.981 c
D)0.592 c
Q3) The total energy of a moving electron is 0.758 MeV.What is the speed of the electron in terms of c?
A)0.739 c
B)0.794 c
C)0.306 c
D)0.933 c
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Chapter 28: Quantum Physics
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Q1) To say that a particle's energy is "quantized" means that it can have only certain discrete values.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For what wavelength does a 100 mW laser deliver 1.6 × 10<sup>17</sup> photons in one second?
A)320 nm
B)330 nm
C)340 nm
D)350 nm
Q3) An electron is trapped in a quantum well that is 48.6 nm wide.Calculate the minimum uncertainty in its velocity.
A)7.49 × 10<sup>3</sup> m/s
B)1.79 × 10<sup>4 </sup>m/s
C)2.98 × 10<sup>4</sup> m/s
D)3.34 × 10<sup>4</sup> m/s
Q4) A quantum of blue light carries more energy than a quantum of red light.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: Atoms and Molecules
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Q1) In atoms having two or more electrons,no two electrons can have the same value for all four quantum numbers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The correct ground state electron configuration of boron (Z = 5)is:
A)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p
B)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>3</sup>
C)1s<sup>2</sup>1p<sup>2</sup>2s
D)1s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>2</sup>3s
E)1s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>3</sup>
Q3) A hydrogen atom is in its n = 2 excited state when its electron absorbs 9.5 eV in an interaction with a photon.What is the energy of the resulting free electron?
A)5.1 eV
B)6.6 eV
C)6.9 eV
D)7.6 eV
Q4) It is impossible for an electron to lose its spin angular momentum.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics
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Q1) In a head-on collision,an alpha particle (Z = 2)of energy 8.20 MeV bounces straight back from a nucleus of charge 80.0 e.How close were the centers of the objects at closest approach?
A)2.81 × 10<sup>-14</sup> m
B)3.39 × 10<sup>-12</sup> m
C)6.56 × 10<sup>-15</sup> m
D)2.17 × 10<sup>-14</sup> m
Q2) A radioactive nuclide of atomic number Z emits an electron,then the daughter nuclide emits a gamma ray.What is the atomic number of the resulting nuclide after both processes?
A)Z+1
B)Z-1
C)Z-2
D)Z-3
Q3) What mass of <sup>14</sup>C (half-life = 5730 years)do you need to provide a decay rate of 280.0 Bq?
A)1.70 × 10<sup>-12</sup> kg
B)5.38 × 10<sup>-19</sup> kg
C)3.84 × 10<sup>-20</sup> kg
D)8.68 × 10<sup>-13</sup> kg
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