Introduction to Zoology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Zoology offers a comprehensive overview of the animal kingdom, exploring the diversity, structure, function, evolution, and classification of animals. This course delves into major animal phyla, comparing anatomical and physiological adaptations, and examining essential life processes such as reproduction, development, and behavior. Through lectures and laboratory activities, students will gain foundational knowledge of animal biology, ecological roles, and scientific methods used in zoological research, preparing them for further studies in biological and environmental sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Cleveland P Hickman
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20 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science of Zoology and Evolution of Animal
Diversity
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47 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The evolution of ecologically diverse species from a common ancestral stock is called _________________.
Answer: adaptive radiation
Q2) The Precambrian era of geological time represents 85% of all geological time and contains most of the known fossils of large animals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by
A)Darwin and Lyell.
B)Darwin and Wallace.
C)Darwin and Malthus.
D)Darwin and Lamarck.
Answer: B
Q4) The most direct evidence for Darwin's theory of perpetual change is the fossil record. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Animal Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bat is found in 1)groves and grasslands,and 2)has a 4-degree temperature limit,and is at the end of its food chain.This defines its habitat and niche.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Character displacement that promotes coexistence among several species by partitioning the same general resource results in the formation of a ______________. Answer: guild
Q3) A species with a large geographic range would have a _______ average extinction rate than a species with a small geographic range. Answer: lower or smaller
Q4) When severe floods reduce the production of the land in China,"N" in the logistic growth formula will change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The organisms responsible for nutrient flow through an ecosystem are _________. Answer: decomposers
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Chapter 3: Animal Architecture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mesoderm lines the outer edge of the blastocoel in pseudocoelomate roundworms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Flatworms differ from nematodes (roundworms)by having
A)a coelomate body plan.
B)a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C)bilateral symmetry.
D)none of the above
Answer: D
Q3) If the blastomeres of a mollusc embryo are separated,each will give rise to a partial,defective larva in a process named _______________ development.
Answer: mosaic
Q4) Extracellular fluids are divided into blood plasma,interstitial fluid,and ________________.
Answer: lymph
Q5) Fibrous protein found in connective tissue,and probably the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom,is _______________.
Answer: collagen
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Chapter 4: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the binomial system of nomenclature,the Aedes in Aedes vextans refers to the A)species. B)genus.
C)family. D)class.
Q2) "An irreducible (basal)grouping of organisms,diagnosably distinct from other such groupings,and within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent" describes the _________.
Q3) Relative to lizards,the clade consisting of horses and monkeys has two synapomorphies of hair and mammary glands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A derived character shared by members of a clade is formally called a
Q5) The ancestral/derived relationships among the different states of a taxonomic character are known as its ________.
Q6) The statement "mammals evolved from reptiles" implies _______________ groupings in our current state of taxonomy.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Unicellular Eukaryotes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple fission associated with spore formation is called _____________.
Q2) After phagocytosis,the food particle is held in a food vacuole or ____________________.
Q3) _________________ have specialized structures such as rhoptries and micronemes for penetrating a host cells tissues.
Q4) Foraminiferans are protozoans that form complex,many-chambered tests composed of _________.
Q5) The best fossils of protists have been left by the tests of the radiolarians (Actinopodans)and the foraminiferans (Granuloreticulosans).
Multiple Choice Questions
A)True
B)False
Q6) Malaria is transmitted by __________,which inject (name the stage)_____________ when they bite.
Q7) ______________ are dormant forms of unicellular eukaryotes that have resistant external coverings.
Q8) Sexual reproduction involves production of gametes that fuse to form a _______________.
Q9) The genus of the organism causing malaria is _______________.
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Chapter 6: Sponges: Phylum Porifera
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Sample Questions
Q1) The adaptive radiation of sponges is mainly due to:
A)an increase in body size
B)cell differentiation for various functions
C)a unique water current system
D)none of the above
Fill in the Blank Questions
Q2) The simplest body plan of sponges is _____________,and the plan characterized by flagellated canals is _______________.
Q3) The asconoid sponges have the simplest type of canal system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Almost all sponges are marine animals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The water outlets in sponges are known as ____________.
Q6) Members of the class _____________ are named glass sponges,found in deep sea areas.
Q7) The minute,needle-like structures that act as a skeletal support system in sponges are called _____________.
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Q8) Phagocytosis of tiny particles in sponges is carried out by the _______________.
Chapter 7: Cnidarians and Ctenophores
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the hydrozoans are colonial marine animals with both an asexual polyp and a sexual medusa stage in their life cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The freshwater Hydra has a medusa stage in its life cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The body wall of a Hydra consists of an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis with ______________ between them.
Q4) All ctenophores are marine,and most of them are free-swimming forms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The three types of nematocysts in the Hydra are the penetrants,the glutinants,and the ___________.
Q6) The most typical habitat of cnidarians is the shallow,warm ocean.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Ctenophores are propelled by eight plates bearing long,fused ____________.
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Q8) Most of the zooids of Obelia are feeding polyps called ____________________.
Chapter 8: Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa:
Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans
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Sample Questions
Q1) The free-swimming,ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the ____________.
Q2) A pseudocoelom allows for which of the following?
A)Greater freedom of movement
B)Space for development and differentiation of digestive,excretory and reproductive systems
C)A simple means of circulation
D)A storage place for waste products to be discharged to the outside
E)All of the above are true.
Fill in the Blank Questions
Q3) People become infected with Schisitosoma when ___________ penetrate the skin.
Q4) The pseudocoelomates include the cnidarians,the rotifers and the gnathostomulids.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An organism with three distinct germ layers is termed _______________.
Q6) Several pseudocoelomate groups have a constant number of cells or nuclei in the adults of a given species.This condition is known as ________.
Q7) The main body of the cestode is the ______________.
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Chapter 9: Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa: Cycliophora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Nemertea
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lophophore contains within it an extension of the ___________.
Q2) The cystid is the body wall of the ectoproct zooid,together with its _____________.
Q3) Entoprocts
A)are mostly freshwater.
B)are wormlike.
C)have an incomplete digestive tract.
D)have a crown of ciliated tentacles.
Q4) The lophophore of ectoprocts is extended
A)by a hydraulic mechanism.
B)when the polypide is withdrawn into the zoecium.
C)into the cystid.
D)all of these
Q5) A proposed new phylum,________________ includes animals found on the mouthparts of lobsters.
Q6) The valves of brachiopods are
A)secreted by the mantle.
B)both dorsal and ventral.
Page 11
C)hinged in some with a tooth-and-socket arrangement.
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Chapter 10: Molluscs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The water current in the body of a cephalopod mollusc provides
A)oxygen for respiration.
B)jet power for rapid locomotion.
C)a means of carrying wastes and gametes out of the body.
D)all of these
Q2) Most cephalopods can secrete and expel an ink containing _____________ to confuse enemies.
Q3) In coelomate animals,the coelom
A)develops as a secondary cavity within the mesoderm.
B)is filled with fluid.
C)can serve as a hydrostatic skeleton.
D)all of these
Q4) The group of molluscs which are most endangered are the A)freshwater bivalves.
B)marine bivalves.
C)terrestrial gastropods.
D)marine gastropods.
Fill in the Blank Questions
Q5) The ______________ is a rod in the stomach of a bivalve which aids in digestion.
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Q6) The edible clams,oysters,and scallops belong to the class _____________.
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Chapter 11: Annelids and Allied Taxa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leeches are unique in that they have both an anterior and a posterior
Q2) The Errantia is the largest class of annelids.
A)True B)False
Q3) The larva of polychaetes is A)lacking.
B)a pilidium.
C)a trochophore.
D)a nauplius.
Q4) Most freshwater leeches are predators,but some are bloodsucking ectoparasites (micropredators).
A)True B)False
Q5) Leeches depend on _____________ for digestion of their blood meal.
Q6) Current medical uses of annelids involve A)flatworms. B)leeches.
C)polychaetes.
D)freshwater oligochaetes.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Smaller Ecdysozoans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long and chronic infection with Wuchereria can result in _______________.
Q2) Onychophorans
A)share some characteristics with annelids and some with arthropods.
B)are called water bears.
C)are marine.
D)feed on fish.
Q3) Most male nematodes bear a pair of _________________ at their posterior end to aid in insemination of the female.
Q4) Tardigrades
A)are mostly marine.
B)have jointed legs.
C)have a cuticle.
D)appear to be closely related to kinorhynchs.
Q5) Filarial worms (Wuchereria and Brugia)are transmitted by _____________.
Q6) Humans can get Ascaris parasites by ingestion of contaminated vegetables.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Nematodes have circular muscles,but no longitudinal muscles in their body wall.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Arthropods
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ is a mutual feeding process exhibited by the social insects whereby pheromones are passed between individuals.
Q2) Spiders have two compound eyes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sea spiders
A)are extinct.
B)feed on the fluids of soft-bodied animals.
C)resemble crustaceans.
D)have an unusually large abdomen.
Q4) Ecdysis (molting)in crustaceans
A)involves production of a new cuticle and shedding of the old one.
B)is initiated by a stimulus perceived by the central nervous system.
C)involves a molt-inhibiting hormone produced by the X-organ of the eye stalk,and a molting hormone produced by the Y-organs near the mandibles.
D)all of these
Q5) True social behavior in insects is seen in the honeybees,ants,and ____________.
Q6) Some appendages of crustaceans are two-branched,or ______________.
Q7) The phylum _____________ may be the sister taxon to arthropods.
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Chapter 14: Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) The five pairs of bursae in brittle stars are used for
A)digestion and excretion.
B)respiration and reproduction.
C)reproduction and digestion.
D)circulation and digestion.
Q2) Sea cucumbers have an elongated body,and they typically lie on one side.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Water for suspension feeding in the hemichordates is driven by ____________.
Q4) A unique characteristic of echinoderms is
A)the endoskeleton of plates or ossicles.
B)the water-vascular system.
C)pedicellariae.
D)all of these
Q5) Acorn worms
A)belong to the phylum HemichordatA.
B)have a proboscis,collar,and trunk.
C)are marine animals with gill slits.
D)all of these
Q6) The ancestor of the echinoderms had __________ symmetry. Page 17
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Chapter 15: Vertebrate Beginnings: the Chordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chordates probably evolved from the echinoderm-hemichordate assemblage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most likely candidate for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the ____________.
Q3) Vertebrate animals have
A)an endoskeleton.
B)a notochord at some stage of the life cycle.
C)a ventral heart.
D)all of these
Q4) Vertebrates differ from other chordates because they have a brain case.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Amphioxus is certainly not the ancestor of modern vertebrates,but researchers believe it more closely resembles the earliest prevertebrate than any other living animal.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The bony fishes currently are divided into two groups: the _______________ and the ____________________.
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Chapter 16: Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sharks are heavier than water but achieve neutral buoyancy by means of a swim bladder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Members of the Chondrichthyes had ancestors with dermal armor,but have a skeleton composed of _____________.
Q3) Unlike other vertebrates,the body fluids of hagfishes are
A)strongly hypoosmotic to seawater.
B)strongly hyperosmotic to seawater.
C)in osmotic equilibrium with seawater.
D)none of the above
Q4) A representative of chondrosteans is
A)the gar.
B)the sturgeon.
C)the coelacanth.
D)the bowfin.
Q5) In the elasmobranchs,the sexes are separate and fertilization is ________.
Q6) The earliest fishlike vertebrates were a paraphyletic assemblage of agnathans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most familiar North American salamanders (family Plethodontidae)lack both gills and ____________.
Q2) ____________ are carnivorous in both the adult and larval stages.
A)Salamanders
B)Toads
C)Frogs
D)Caecilians
Fill in the Blank Questions
Q3) Some frogs tolerate ill effects of freezing by accumulation of glucose and glycerol in the body fluids.
Multiple Choice Questions
A)True
B)False
Q4) Frogs typically lay eggs in water,but some exhibit _____________ development,in which the tadpole stage is bypassed,and the frog that emerges from the egg appears as a miniature adult.
Q5) The frogs and toads are the most familiar but least numerous amphibians.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The heart of modern amphibians has __________ chambers.
Page 21
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Chapter 18: Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dermis layer of the reptile skin contains color-bearing cells called
Q2) The shelled egg of a reptile is referred to as an _________.
Q3) Many lizards keep their body temperatures relatively constant by
A)anaerobic respiration.
B)behavioral thermoregulation.
C)oxidation of brown fat.
D)inertial homeothermy.
Q4) Rather than urea or ammonia,the nitrogenous wastes of reptiles are excreted as __________.
Q5) Lizards possess ______________,which is absent in snakes,but is probably not of great importance to lizards.
A)a tongue
B)a Jacobson's organ
C)a glandular epithelium
D)an external ear
Q6) Some lizards are limbless.
A)True
B)False
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Q7) The only reptiles with a complete four-chambered heart are the ___________.
Chapter 19: Birds
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Q1) Flying birds with keeled sternums are known as ___________.
Q2) The integration of muscle-position sense,equilibrium sense,and visual cues for movement and balance occurs in the __________ of the bird's brain.
Q3) The digestive system contributes to the success of birds as flying animals because
A)it is long.
B)it has a crop.
C)it digests food quickly.
D)it is penetrated by air sacs.
Q4) The raptors,such as hawks and eagles,are notable in their well-developed senses of smell and taste.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The enlargement at the lower end of the esophagus that serves as a food storage chamber in birds is called the ___________.
Q6) Mature feathers are dead structures and must be replaced at regular intervals.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The large breast muscle that depresses the wing during flight is the _________.
Page 23
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Chapter 20: Mammals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The skin of mammals,as in all vertebrates,is made up of dermis and epidermis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some northern-dwelling mammals molt to blend in with the changing color of the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) True horns are
A)the same as antlers.
B)restricted to males.
C)not normally shed.
D)usually brancheD.
Q4) The therapsids were the first mammals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The number of orders in class Mammalia is A)6.
B)15.
C)29.
D)50.
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