Introduction to World Civilizations Review Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to World Civilizations explores the development and interconnectedness of major civilizations from ancient times to the present, examining social, political, economic, and cultural patterns across regions such as Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The course emphasizes the contributions of diverse societies, the diffusion of ideas, religions, and technologies, and the global impacts of trade, conquest, and migration. Through primary sources and comparative analysis, students gain a deeper understanding of how world civilizations have shaped contemporary global society.
Recommended Textbook
The World A History Volume 1 2nd Edition by Felipe Armesto
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768 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Out of the Ice: Peopling the Earth
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Q1) How do paleoanthropologists believe that humans have evolved over the past 2.5 million years?
Answer: Paleoanthropologists believe that humans have evolved over the past 2.5 million years through a process of natural selection and adaptation. They study fossil evidence, genetic data, and archaeological findings to understand the development of early human species. According to their research, early hominins such as Australopithecus and Homo habilis gradually evolved into more advanced species like Homo erectus and eventually Homo sapiens. This evolution was driven by factors such as changes in climate, environment, and the development of tools and social behaviors. Overall, paleoanthropologists believe that humans have evolved through a complex and dynamic process that has shaped our physical and cognitive abilities over millions of years.
Q2) What does the existence of prehistoric art tell us about the mental and emotional sophistication of prehistoric humans?
In Perspective
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 2: Out of the Mud: Farming and Herding After the
Ice Age
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Q1) The earliest archaeological evidence for farming in Western Africa dates to about A) 6,000 years ago.
B) 5,000 years ago.
C) 4,000 years ago.
D) 3,500 years ago.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following justifies thinking of the development of agriculture as a revolution?
A) It happened over a long period of time.
B) It occurred in many different places in different ways.
C) Many societies held onto foraging practices while also practicing agriculture for long periods.
D) The agricultural societies were more complex and profoundly different from their predecessors.
Answer: D
Q3) What were the relationships between foragers, herders, and farmers, and how did they develop over time?
In Perspective
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 3: The Great River Valleys: Accelerating Change and Developing States
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Q1) The Harappan writing that survives mainly
A) cannot be deciphered.
B) relates stories of heroes.
C) was used for religious texts.
D) records law codes.
Answer: A
Q2) What environmental features were shared by the early river valley civilizations?
A) warm and dry climate, dry soils, seasonal flooding, and irrigation
B) cool and wet climate, dry soils, seasonal flooding, and irrigation
C) warm and dry climate, wet soils, seasonal flooding, and irrigation
D) warm and wet climate, wet soils, seasonal flooding, and irrigation
Answer: A
Q3) A key change brought on by the introduction of agriculture is
A) the development of leaders in a community.
B) the development of religion.
C) the development of technology.
D) the development of greater social and economic differences.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: A Succession of Civilizations: Ambition and Instability
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Q1) As ancient societies grew in size and number, many of them also became more fragile. Explain the collapse of Hittite, Cretan and Mycenean society in contrast to the survival of Egyptian society by 1000 B.C.E.
Q2) Compare the transformations of Chinese and Egyptian civilizations. What common elements characterize their successful responses to change? In Perspective
Q3) The concept of the "Mandate of Heaven" holds that
A) rulers were gods from paradise.
B) rulers continued to be important diviners of Heaven's mandate.
C) a ruler received his right to rule from a deity.
D) the gods were in constant contact with a ruler.
Q4) What factors contributed to the end of the Shang dynasty?
Q5) The earliest known ceremonial platform in Central America dates to around
A) 1400 B.C.E.
B) 1300 B.C.E.
C) 1200 B.C.E.
D) 1100 B.C.E.
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Q6) What are the similarities and differences between the collapse of the Shang and the collapse of the Hittites?
Chapter 5: Rebuilding the World: Recoveries, New Initiatives, and
Their Limits
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Q1) How did trade affect the realities and expressions of power in different civilizations? Did more trade always create stronger states?
Q2) The Garamantes lived in A) the Adriatic region. B) the Aegean region.
C) the Iberian peninsula. D) the Sahara desert.
Q3) A key element in the belief system of the Upanishads is the idea of A) paradise for the righteous. B) eternal torment for the wicked.
C) reincarnation of an eternal soul. D) divination of the future through sacrifice.
Q4) What new types of technology were developed by the peoples of North America from 1000-500 B.C.E., and what effects did these developments have on their lives?
Q5) What new types of technology were developed by the peoples of Africa from 1000-500 B.C.E., and what effects did these developments have on their lives?
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Q6) How did new civilizations arise in Africa and the Americas from 1000 to 500 B.C.E.? What were their similarities and differences?
Chapter 6: The Great Schools
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Q1) Approximately where and when did Zoroastrianism begin?
A) in China during the seventh century B.C.E.
B) in Greece during the fifth century B.C.E.
C) in Iran during the early sixth century B.C.E.
D) in India during the eighth century B.C.E.
Q2) How did the existence of patronage by rulers affect the development of philosophy in at least two specific cases?
Q3) Important evidence that the early Jews were primarily a pastoral people may be seen in
A) the sacrifice of Cain and Abel.
B) the sacrifice of David and Saul.
C) the story of Noah.
D) the story of Adam.
Q4) Alexander the Great's tutor was
A) Plato.
B) Epicurus.
C) Aristotle.
D) Zeno.
Q5) What role did Buddhism gradually play in India and China?
Q6) How were Chinese and Greek philosophers similar in some of their concerns?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Great Empires
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Q1) How did Shi Huangdi unite China into an imperial state?
Q2) All of the following were important legacies of the axial age EXCEPT:
A) the adoption of monotheism.
B) a remarkably durable heritage of ideas.
C) greater trade and exchange of ideas in Eurasia.
D) a fragile group of empires.
Q3) How do the structure and philosophy of Asoka's empire compare to those of the Roman Empire?
Q4) One of the main ways that Roman culture was spread throughout the Mediterranean world was through
A) the popularity of traditional Roman religion.
B) the popularity of Roman pottery.
C) marriage of Roman soldiers to local women and subsequent settlement in areas where they had been stationed.
D) the Romans' requirement that subject peoples to adopt their culture.
Q5) During the fifth to fourth centuries B.C.E., the Greek states were regularly
A) at peace because of Persian influence.
B) divided by the Persians.
C) united against the Persians.
D) at war over who would lead a united campaign against Persia.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Postimperial Worlds: Problems of Empires in
Eurasia and Africa, Ca 200 to 700 Ce
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Q1) How did the Islamic religion transform Arabian culture? What elements can you identify in Islam that aided in the spread of the Islamic Empire across Eurasia from the seventh to eighth centuries C.E.?
Q2) In the period before Muhammad rose to become the leader of the Arab peoples, Arabian culture was characterized by
A) continual tribal warfare.
B) the following of a monotheistic religion.
C) a mostly urban culture.
D) a culture of relative peace and justice.
Q3) At the time of the arrival of Siyaj K'ak, the Maya world was organized into A) an empire.
B) a kingdom.
C) city-states.
D) a republic.
Q4) The decline of Tibet as a powerful kingdom happened
A) at the same time as the decline of the Tang dynasty.
B) during the Sui dynasty.
C) after the collapse of the Tang dynasty.
D) before the decline of the Tang dynasty.
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Q5) What happened to China in the aftermath of the collapse of the Han dynasty?
Chapter 9: The Rise of World Religions: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
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Q1) How does monastic practice in Buddhism and Christianity compare? What is similar, and what is different?
Q2) What happened to the monastic movement in China during the 820s to 840s C.E.?
A) It expanded with the growing popularity of Buddhism.
B) It was central to the spread of imperial power throughout East Asia.
C) It became more influential in the Tang court.
D) The government closed thousands of monasteries.
Q3) In what way is Buddhist monasticism different from Christian monasticism?
A) its focus on learning and copying scripture
B) its role in providing a clergy
C) its focus on prayer and worship
D) its inclusion of secular literature and learning
Q4) For what reason did no comparable monastic movement develop in Islam?
A) Asceticism was forbidden.
B) It just never happened.
C) Fasting and meditation is not practiced by Muslims.
D) There was no need for missionaries or clerics in Islam.
Q5) In what ways did the sponsorship of ruling elites help bring about the spread of Buddhism in South and East Asia?
Q6) How did military conquest affect the spread of Buddhism and Christianity? Page 11
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Chapter 10: Remaking the World: Innovation and Renewal
on Environmental Frontiers in the Late First Millenium
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Q1) Most of the reconstruction of ancient Polynesian society is based on
A) written texts and archaeological evidence.
B) written texts and oral traditions.
C) oral traditions and linguistic evidence.
D) archaeological and linguistic evidence.
Q2) Which of the following techniques did NOT lead to increased food production in the Islamic world?
A) new irrigation techniques
B) lower taxes
C) use of fertilizer
D) consolidation of small holdings into larger ones
Q3) All of the following geographical elements impeded communication and exchange in sub-Saharan Africa EXCEPT:
A) rivers that were difficult to navigate.
B) dense forest that harbored disease from mosquitoes.
C) shores in East Africa that were inhospitable to shipping.
D) an immense desert.
Q4) What role did Charlemagne play in the expansion of the Christian world?
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Q5) What effect did geography have on the transmission of culture and the development of states in the Americas?
Chapter 11: Contending With Isolation: Ca 1000-1200
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Q1) In order to obtain food, the Thule Inuit were primarily focused on A) agriculture.
B) hunting.
C) gathering plants.
D) herding animals.
Q2) The story of Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis monastery illustrates
A) how monks were ignorant of the economic realities of the Middle Ages.
B) how monasteries became wealthy from increased trade and commerce.
C) the role of monasteries in the preservation of learning during the Middle Ages.
D) the role of monasteries in the interior expansion of Europe during the Middle Ages.
Q3) The Holy Roman Empire was
A) holy in the sense of being an integrated part of the Roman church.
B) Roman in that its capital was in Rome.
C) an empire because of the strong, central authority of the emperor himself.
D) a German state.
Q4) How did the relative isolation of Western Europe affect its relations with its neighbors as it began to reassert itself in the eleventh to twelfth centuries?
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Chapter 12: The Nomadic Frontiers: the Islamic World, Byzantium,
and China, Ca 1000-1200
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Q1) The ruins of the early Turkish city at Konya reveal that
A) the Turks during this period established cities mainly to protect permanent garrisons.
B) even early Turkish cities were entirely concerned with markets and an abandonment of their earlier warrior culture.
C) the Turks entirely forgot their pastoral past rapidly.
D) markets and shops played an important role in the life of the city.
Q2) What was the early relationship between the Islamic world and the Turks of Central Asia? How did they interrelate with one another?
Q3) What factors created the revulsion that many settled peoples had for the lifestyles of the steppelanders?
Q4) The role that Turkic peoples played within the Islamic Empire was that of
A) a people mostly concerned with commerce and trade.
B) a military force that fought for Sunni Islam.
C) a people completely integrated into the Arabic world.
D) a military force that fought for Shia Islam.
Q5) What were the reasons behind the crusading movement that arose in Western Christendom?
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Chapter 13: The World the Mongols Made
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Q1) The Delhi Sultanate ruler Radiyya first took power chiefly because
A) she wore men's clothes.
B) her father chose her as successor.
C) she proved herself in battle.
D) she killed her brother.
Q2) What role did the Mongol Peace play in the development of areas beyond Mongol rule?
Q3) In what regions did Latin Christendom expand during the period of the early Mongol expansion?
A) Middle East and Spain
B) Prussia and North Africa
C) Finland and Estonia
D) Britain and Spain
Q4) The statement that "The Mongols are the most obedient people in the world with regard to their leaders there are no wranglings among them, no disputes or murders" was the observation of
A) a Chinese Buddhist.
B) a Syrian Muslim.
C) a Mongol member of Genghis Khan's court.
D) a European Christian.
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Chapter 14: The Revenge of Nature: Plague, Cold, and the Limits of Disaster in
the Fourteenth Century
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Q1) How was West Africa affected by the plague?
Q2) During the most intense phases of global cooling in the fourteenth century, average temperatures fell by as much as A) ten degrees.
B) seven or eight degrees.
C) five or six degrees.
D) two or three degrees.
Q3) What areas were outside of the zone affected by these changes, and what benefits did their relative isolation provide them?
Q4) The most important buildings in the city of Chan Chan were the A) kings' tombs.
B) warehouses.
C) palaces.
D) temples.
Q5) Compare and contrast the effects of fourteenth century climate change in Europe and the Americas.
Q6) Compare the moral and social effects of the plague on European and Muslim societies.
Q7) How was Japan affected by the plague?
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Chapter 15: Expanding Worlds: Recovery in the Late
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
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Q1) Which of the following was NOT an important ritual element of Aztec society?
A) horse racing by priests and nobles
B) consumption of addictive substances
C) human sacrifice
D) ballgames played by priests, nobles, and captives
Q2) What was especially advantageous about the location that became Ottoman Empire?
A) It was positioned at the crossroads of important trade routes.
B) The mountainous terrain made invasion difficult.
C) Mineral resources were abundant.
D) The land was especially fertile and easily supported crops.
Q3) All of the following were consequences of the fall of Constantinople EXCEPT:
A) Mongol influence in Eurasia came to an end.
B) The Byzantine Empire came to an end.
C) Europe was now more vulnerable to Ottoman invasion.
D) The Muscovites now hoped to become a "Third Rome."
Q4) What brought Zheng He's voyages to an end?
Q5) Both Incas and Aztecs saw themselves as continuing older traditions. In what ways was this correct, and in what ways did they innovate?
Page 18
Q6) Compare and contrast the processes that led to the emergence of empires in East and West Africa.
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