Introduction to World Civilizations Exam Review
Course Introduction
Introduction to World Civilizations offers a broad survey of the major civilizations that have shaped human history across the globe. The course explores the social, political, economic, and cultural developments from ancient times to the modern era, highlighting the interactions, exchanges, and conflicts among societies in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and Oceania. Students will examine the rise and fall of empires, the spread of religions, advances in technology, and the influence of globalization. Emphasis is placed on understanding the diversity of human experience and the interconnectedness of global histories.
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The Worlds History Combined Volume 5th Edition by Howard Spodek
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Chapter 1: The Dry Bones Speak
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Q1) Which of these is a fixed social group,usually prevented from marrying with different groups?
A) myth
B) caste
C) tribe
D) clan
Answer: B
Q2) Which of these statements about humans and hominids is correct?
A) All hominids are humans.
B) Most hominids are humans.
C) All humans are hominids.
D) Hominids are similar to humans.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of these lived from about two million to 100,000 years ago?
A) Ardipithecus ramidus
B) Homo sapiens sapiens
C) Homo erectus
D) Homo sapiens
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: From Village Community to City-State
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Q1) In Mesopotamian city-states,the city was a place of ________,while the countryside was a place of ________.
A) peace; warfare
B) consumption; production
C) chaos; order
D) royal power; priestly power
Answer: B
Q2) Looking at the map "Mesopotamian trade,c.2000 B.C.E.," which of these regions had the highest concentration of urban areas?
A) Anatolia
B) Mesopotamia
C) Greece
D) Egypt
Answer: B
Q3) In the context of human history,innovation can be characterized as ________.
A) creativity
B) isolated developments
C) using new technology
D) spreading ideas
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: River Valley Civilizations
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Q1) Comparing ancient Egypt to Mesopotamian and Harappan civilization,what was the special role of the Nile River to Egyptian civilization?
Answer: The Nile River played a crucial and special role in the development and sustenance of ancient Egyptian civilization. Unlike the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia or the Indus River in the Harappan civilization, the Nile River flooded predictably and annually, depositing rich silt along its banks. This allowed for the development of a highly productive agricultural system, which in turn supported a large and stable population. The Nile also provided a natural transportation route, facilitating trade and communication between different regions of Egypt. Additionally, the river served as a source of water for drinking, bathing, and irrigation, essential for the survival and prosperity of the ancient Egyptians. The Nile River was not only a lifeline for the people of ancient Egypt, but it also held religious and cultural significance, with the annual flooding being associated with the fertility and renewal of the land. Overall, the Nile River was integral to the success and longevity of Egyptian civilization, shaping its economy, society, and belief systems.
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Chapter 4: A Polycentric World
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Q1) Historians agree that the people of Jenne-jeno ________.
A) were town-dwellers
B) were in the Paleolithic Age
C) farmed
D) were Bantu
Q2) Traditionally,the first Chinese dynasty is considered the ________.
A) Xia
B) Zhou
C) Shang
D) Qin
Q3) Which of these was an early African city along the Niger River?
A) Timbuktu
B) Ife
C) Cairo
D) Algiers
Q4) What do you consider the most important differences and similarities between the first civilizations of the Americas and the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia?
Q5) Did the development of Neolithic culture follow the same steps in all world regions? Support your answer with specific examples.
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Chapter 5: Dawn of the Empires
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Q1) As a military force,hoplites can be thought of as the opposite of ________.
A) infantry
B) armed knights
C) individual heroes
D) sailors
Q2) In ancient Greece,hoplites were ________.
A) voters
B) trireme rowers
C) heavily armed infantry
D) political outcasts
Q3) Which of these patterns was illustrated by the Amorites and Hittites?
A) the expansion of Mesopotamia to the east
B) the dominance of city-states
C) waves of invasions into Mesopotamia
D) the Indo-European migrations
Q4) The great library at Nineveh was founded by ________.
A) Esarhaddon
B) Zoroaster
C) Ashurbanipal
D) Aeschylus
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Rome and the Barbarians
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Q1) The Struggle of the Orders can be characterized as a struggle for ________.
A) economic power
B) religious freedom
C) political equality
D) personal freedom
Q2) Consider the difference between an empire based on hegemony and one based on dominance,using the Roman Empire as an example.
Q3) Which of these ruled as the Roman emperor in the third century?
A) Justinian
B) Augustus
C) Scipio
D) Diocletian
Q4) The outcome of the reforms proposed by the Gracchi underlined ________.
A) Rome's growing militarization
B) the power of the Roman Senate
C) the disintegration of the patron-client relationship
D) how weak Rome had become
Q5) Compare the fates of the eastern and western Roman empires.Why did they differ so much?
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Chapter 7: China
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Q1) Sinicization is the process of ________.
A) adopting Chinese culture
B) Chinese territorial expansion C) forming the Chinese bureaucracy
D) blending two religions
Q2) The Han Dynasty can be said to have ________ Qin political traditions. A) rejected B) been the basis of C) profoundly modified D) relied on
Q3) The map "Classical China," indicates that between the Qin and Han dynasties the core of imperial China ________. A) remained roughly the same B) shifted to the north C) moved to the Yangzi River D) was identical
Q4) Consider China's relationship with its neighbors.Compare interactions among China and the Xiongnu and the Japanese.
Q5) What do you consider the most important achievement of the Qin dynasty? Why?
Page 9
Q6) Compare the beginnings and growth of Confucianism and Buddhism in China.
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Chapter 8: Indian Empires
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Q1) Much of India was briefly unified under ________ in the seventh century.
A) Kanishka
B) Asoka
C) Harsa
D) Chandra Gupta
Q2) Funan is a state in the south of modern ________.
A) India
B) Indonesia
C) Myanmar
D) Vietnam
Q3) In the context of Indian history,the Mauryan Empire was ________.
A) typical
B) unusually large
C) a foundation
D) an important precedent
Q4) India under the Mauryans can be characterized as ________.
A) marked by great religious diversity
B) united and politically stable
C) politically fragmented
D) dominated by janapadas
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Hinduism and Buddhism
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Q1) Which of these is the warrior class of the Vedic social system?
A) brahmin
B) vaishya
C) kshatriya
D) shudra
Q2) In which of these regions did Hinduism widely spread by the third century C.E.?
A) China
B) central Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) the Middle East
Q3) Which of these was the language preferred by Buddhists in India?
A) Sanskrit
B) Pali
C) Persian
D) Urdu
Q4) As in China,in Japan Buddhism ________.
A) never gained many followers
B) displaced earlier spiritual traditions
C) was rejected by ruling dynasties
D) developed into new forms
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Judaism and Christianity
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Q1) Looking at "Paul's missionary journeys," which of these is illustrated?
A) the persecution of Christianity in the Roman world
B) the rapid spread of Christianity throughout the Roman world
C) the early association of Christianity with the Greek world
D) the role of Jesus in spreading Christianity
Q2) As a historical source,the TaNaKh should be considered ________.
A) accurate in its details
B) mythical and very useless
C) accurate both in its details and in its outline
D) extremely biased
Q3) On the map "The spread of Christianity," which of these countries was responsible for the conversion of much of Britain and Germany?
A) Ireland
B) Spain
C) France
D) Poland
Q4) How did Paul and Augustine reshape Christianity? Would you consider these modifications profound or superficial?
Q5) Is Christianity a Jewish sect? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: Islam
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Q1) The life of Mansa Musa illustrates the role of the ________ in bringing much of the Muslim world together.
A) ulama
B) qadis
C) Sufis
D) hajj
Q2) The first Muslims highlight the importance of ________ in Arab life.
A) tribal ties
B) commerce
C) foreign influences
D) Roman networks
Q3) The early successors to Muhammad were known as ________.
A) sultans
B) caliphs
C) qadis
D) ulama
Q4) Compare the spread of Islam to the spread of Buddhism and of Christianity.What are the most important similarities and differences?
Q5) How did expansion into the Middle East reshape Islam and Muslim culture?
Q6) What steps made up the shift of Islam from and Arab to a universal religion?
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Chapter 12: Establishing World Trade Routes
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Q1) Roughly ________ merchants traded regularly in Tenochtitlán.
A) 40,000
B) 4,000
C) 40
D) 400
Q2) Looking at the map "World trade routes," which of these trade networks stretched the farthest?
A) Inca/Andean
B) European
C) trans-Asian/Mongol
D) Arab
Q3) A trade diaspora is tied together by ________.
A) treaties
B) common origins
C) loyalty to local rulers
D) the desire for profit
Q4) Compare the trading networks of the Americas with other trading networks.Did they differ most in scope or in their mechanisms?
Q5) Why did China ultimately decide not to pursue overseas trade? What was the impact of this decision?
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Chapter 13: The Opening of the Atlantic and the Pacific
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Q1) Like the Buddha,St.Francis epitomized the ________ life.
A) monastic
B) Buddhist
C) ascetic
D) intellectual
Q2) Both Vitruvian Man and Trinity with the Virgin,St.John,and Donors illustrate what aspect of Renaissance art?
A) classical settings for paintings
B) the dominance of secular themes
C) a focus on the human form
D) the use of allegory
Q3) The fields of study at medieval universities can be characterized as ________.
A) extremely narrow
B) limited to Christian theology
C) broad
D) focusing on the arts
Q4) What were the long-term consequences of the Mongol Empire and its fall in European affairs of the Renaissance and after?
Q5) Use The Triumph of Death to consider the different impacts of the Black Death on Europe.
15
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Chapter 14: The Unification of World Trade
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Q1) At the time of the Spanish invasions,the Inca and Aztec empires were ________.
A) crumbling
B) at their height
C) weakened
D) just emerging
Q2) How did colonization and mercantilism work together? Were their goals mutually supportive or contradictory?
Q3) Which of these was a religious reformer from Geneva,Switzerland?
A) Vincent de Paul
B) Ignatius Loyola
C) Francis Xavier
D) John Calvin
Q4) Jean-Baptiste Colbert was the ________ of Louis XIV.
A) chief economist
B) foreign minister
C) defense minister
D) religious advisor
Q5) Compare the goals of Spanish and Portuguese colonization.How did these goals affect these nations' imperial institutions?
Page 16
Q6) How did the emergence of the nation-state change the nature of imperialism?
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Chapter 15: Migration
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Q1) The impact of the Columbian Exchange was primarily a result of ________.
A) poor treatment of Amerindians
B) the previous isolation of the Americas
C) warfare
D) intense mining efforts
Q2) Delhi was splendidly rebuilt by ________.
A) Akbar
B) Babur
C) Shah Jahan
D) Osman I
Q3) The Maori were the indigenous inhabitants of ________.
A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Borneo
D) Sri Lanka
Q4) Which of these was conquered by the Ottomans in 1453?
A) Anatolia
B) Greece
C) the Balkans
D) Constantinople
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas
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Q1) Galileo Galilei can be said to have ________ the scientific revolution.
A) initiated
B) popularized
C) accelerated
D) slowed
Q2) In applying empiricism,which of these is rejected?
A) observation
B) data collection
C) telescopes
D) received wisdom
Q3) The author of Candide and of Elements of the Philosophy of Newton was ________.
A) John Locke
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Voltaire
D) Abbé Sieyès
Q4) The French Revolution broke out during the reign of ________.
A) Louis XVI
B) Napoleon I
C) Louis XIV
D) Henry IV
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Chapter 17: The Industrial Revolution
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Q1) In the nineteenth century,about ________ percent of women worked as their families' main breadwinners.
A) 15 to 20
B) 60 to 65
C) 3 to 4
D) 30 to 35
Q2) The British Corn Laws were supported by ________.
A) farmers
B) laborers
C) consumers
D) women
Q3) In the painting Massacre of the Paris Radicals,Manet expresses ________ those pictured.
A) sympathy for
B) hatred of
C) fear of
D) ridicule of
Q4) Did urbanization in the 1800s continue earlier trends or represent new processes?
Q5) What were the most important impacts of the Industrial Revolution on politics?
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Chapter 18: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance
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Q1) Nationalism was a creative and highly successful movement for countries such as ________.
A) Poland
B) Austria-Hungary
C) Italy
D) Britain
Q2) The author of On the Origin of Species was ________.
A) Herbert Spencer
B) Charles Darwin
C) Charles Gordon
D) Cecil Rhodes
Q3) The notion of the White Man's Burden is based on the assumption that ________.
A) Europeans should assist African nations to independence
B) some races are naturally superior
C) colonization placed an insupportable burden on colonized peoples
D) the burden of colonization is supported by workers
Q4) Consider anticolonialism in the late 1800s.What form did it take,and how successful was it?
Q5) Were revolts such as the one led by the Mahdi and Usman dan Fodio anticolonial?
Page 20
Q6) How did European imperialism change in the 1800s?
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Chapter 19: Methods of Mass Production and Destruction
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Q1) Russia's "Bloody Sunday" uprising took place in ________.
A) 1917
B) 1905
C) 1871
D) 1914
Q2) What was the relationship between industrialization in the early 1900s with the first and second stages of the Industrial Revolution?
Q3) The "Red Scare" was sparked by the ________.
A) Great Depression
B) outbreak of World War I
C) Russian Revolution
D) publication of The Communist Manifesto
Q4) The primary goal of the European alliance systems formed in the late 1800s and early 1900s was ________.
A) partitioning Africa
B) dividing up the Ottoman Empire
C) challenging Britain's power
D) peace
Q5) How did World War I differ from earlier conflicts?
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Chapter 20: World War II
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Q1) The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe is located in ________.
A) Auschwitz
B) New York City
C) Vienna
D) Berlin
Q2) How did the causes,scope,and results of World War I and World War II differ?
Q3) The experience of World War II ________ women's lives in combatant nations.
A) immediately changed
B) had long-term impacts on
C) had no impacts on
D) had only temporary impacts on
Q4) Josip Broz (Tito)led ________ during and after World War II.
A) Serbia
B) Yugoslavia
C) Austria
D) Hungary
Q5) What commonalities led to the emergence of fascism in different countries?
Q6) How did the League of Nations and the United Nations differ?
Q7) Compare responses to World War II.How have they attempted to deal with the legacy of the war?
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Chapter 21: Cold War, New Nations, and Revolt Against Authority
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Q1) The end of the Soviet Union can be characterized as ________.
A) painfully slow
B) marked by bloody conflicts
C) swift and peaceful
D) incomplete
Q2) The term "nonaligned" referred to decisions concerning alliances with ________.
A) the United Nations
B) NATO
C) European nations
D) the Soviet Union or the United States
Q3) According to Winston Churchill,the iron curtain was created by ________.
A) the Cold War
B) the Soviet Union
C) communism
D) the Axis powers
Q4) Which of these were the focus of most of the activity associated with 1968?
A) students
B) military officers
C) communists
D) nationalists
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Chapter 22: China and India
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Q1) The leader of the Guomindang,or Nationalists,after 1928 was ________.
A) Chiang Kai-shek
B) Sun Yat-sen
C) Mao Zedong
D) Deng Xiaoping
Q2) Which of these was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966?
A) the Long March
B) the Cultural Revolution
C) the Chinese communist revolution
D) the Great Leap Forward
Q3) China's civil war can be characterized as ________.
A) long and bloody
B) short and uneventful
C) short but extremely fierce
D) long but essentially a cold war
Q4) The principle of ahimsa means ________.
A) "resistance"
B) "truth"
C) "freedom"
D) "nonviolence"
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Contemporary History: Evolution, Settlements, Politics,
and Religion
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Q1) Megacities are defined by their ________.
A) location
B) size
C) structure
D) global importance
Q2) Compare religious developments in different world religions.What are their commonalities/differences?
Q3) How has our understanding of evolution changed in the last 100 years?
Q4) The Russian president from 2000 to 2008 was ________.
A) Vladimir Putin
B) Boris Yeltsin
C) Mikhail Gorbachev
D) Dmitry Medvedev
Q5) Which of these best sums up the issue examined in "The Force Behind China's Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism"?
A) the role of Mao Zedong in Chinese communism
B) the extent of China's economic development in recent decades
C) the relationship between China's economic boom and communism
D) the influence of capitalism on communism
Q6) How has the end of the Cold War changed international politics? Page 25
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Chapter 24: Trade,Revolution,Technology,Identity
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Q1) Intifadas were launched by ________ against Israel in 1987 and 2000.
A) Saudi Arabia
B) Iraq
C) Egypt
D) the Palestinians
Q2) The 2008 global recession began in ________.
A) the United States
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Latin America
Q3) What are the key issues in attempts to address the problem of greenhouse gas emissions?
Q4) In the context of globalization,McDonald's stands for ________.
A) American imperialism
B) homogenization
C) poor quality
D) a fat-laden diet
Q5) How does globalization differ from earlier global trade networks?
Q6) What is the role of new technologies in globalization? Are such technologies critical for globalization?
Page 27
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