Introduction to Womens and Gender Studies
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Womens and Gender Studies explores the diverse experiences, histories, and contributions of women and gender minorities across cultures and time periods. The course examines how structures of power such as gender, race, class, sexuality, and ability intersect to shape individual identities and societal norms. Students will analyze feminist theories, social movements, and critical perspectives, while engaging with contemporary issues related to gender equity and representation. Through readings, discussions, and projects, the course encourages critical thinking about the ways gender influences knowledge production, social policy, and everyday life.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Q1) In the mid-1800s in the U.S., a First Wave feminist movement emerged. It reached its peak with the ________, then lost momentum in the ________.
A) Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848; 1920s after women won the vote
B) Rochester Declaration of 1862; 1930s when women lost the ERA
C) Rochester Declaration of 1880; 1920s after women won the vote
D) Seneca Falls Declaration of 1870; 1930s when women lost the ERA
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about feminism?
A) It is defined as the belief that men do not understand women.
B) It is defined as the belief that sisterhood is more important than any other relationship.
C) It is be defined most simply as a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Q1) Which type of touch is a lower-status individual most likely to initiate?
A) handshakes
B) touching of the arm or shoulder
C) less intrusive touch
D) handshakes and less intrusive touch
Answer: A
Q2) The self-fulfilling prophecy is comprised of which of the following social mechanisms? Which of the following social mechanisms constitutes a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A) People acting to confirm beliefs that others have about them
B) People reducing behaviors that others expect, but confirming the ones they themselves expect
C) People interacting to elicit a reinforced behavior
D) People expecting others to behave the way they want them to
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Q1) In media, which of the following is true of women of color?
A) They are highly likely to be given leading roles in movies.
B) They are less likely than White women to be featured in women's magazines.
C) They are highly likely to be featured in TV shows and ads.
D) They are less likely than White women to be depicted as maids or housekeepers in TV shows.
Answer: B
Q2) Give examples of negative or trivializing views of women encoded in language.
Answer: Some examples of negative or trivializing views of women encoded in language include using terms like "hysterical" or "emotional" to dismiss women's opinions or reactions, referring to women as "bossy" or "nagging" when they assert themselves, and using diminutive forms of address like "sweetie" or "honey" to infantilize women in professional or authoritative settings. Additionally, the use of gendered insults like "slut" or "bitch" to shame or degrade women perpetuates negative views of women in language. These examples demonstrate how language can be used to undermine and belittle women, reinforcing harmful stereotypes and power imbalances.
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Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Q1) The logic of experimental design and hypothesis testing leads psychologists to put more weight on findings of A) error.
B) difference.
C) similarity.
D) bias.
Q2) The three emotions that are thought to be characteristic of men are
A) anger, contempt, and pride.
B) amusement, interest, and jealousy.
C) disgust, embarrassment, and sadness.
D) guilt, shame, and happiness.
Q3) Our society relies on standardized tests (i.e., SAT, GRE) to predict college performance. Women score lower than men on these tests and get better grades in college. Women's educational achievement is misrepresented by the A) decoding cue.
B) female underprediction effect.
C) SAT effect.
D) GRE effect.
Q4) Explain why women's "emotionality" is rooted in a sociocultural context.
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) Sexual orientation is a multidimensional concept involving
A) erotic attraction, affectional relationships, sexual behavior, erotic fantasies, and emotional attachments.
B) only the gender of sexual partners.
C) homosexuals.
D) cosmetic genital surgery.
Q2) Genetically, a female is defined as a person who has ________ chromosomes and a male is defined as one who has ________ chromosome.
A) two Y; an X and a Y
B) two X; more than one Y
C) sex; a gender
D) two X; an X and a Y
Q3) In their respective cultures, third-sex people are
A) considered to be gay.
B) not considered to be gay.
C) referred to as bisexual.
D) more often biologically female than biologically male.
Q4) In the context of hormones and sexual orientation, discuss the problems encountered by women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) Compare and contrast social learning and cognitive development theories of gender development. Provide research examples to support your answer.
Q2) A 2- or 3-year-old child can answer correctly when asked if he or she is a boy or a girl; however, the child may believe that
A) people other than himself or herself are asexual.
B) people can change sex by changing their hairstyles or clothing.
C) there is no reliable way to determine other people's sexes.
D) people can change sex by changing their hairstyles or clothing and there is no reliable way to determine other people's sexes.
Q3) Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?
A) Boys play violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls.
B) Children avoid "opposite-gender" toys during preschool and elementary years.
C) Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) ________ uses a cognitive approach to explain gender typing.
A) Observational learning theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Gestalt theory
D) Gender schema theory
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Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the term "hooking up"?
A) It promotes sex between partners who intend to eventually engage in a committed relationship.
B) It is restricted to hugging and kissing and discourages oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse between partners.
C) It requires both men and women to say exactly what sexual activities they are doing.
D) It refers to sexual activity between two people who are not in a romantic relationship.
Q2) By the 1980s, some sex researchers were suggesting that
A) women are better at making love to women than men are.
B) women are as good as men at making love to women.
C) lesbians have more satisfying relationships than do heterosexuals.
D) women are better at making love to women than men are and lesbians have more satisfying relationships.
Q3) What is meant by the terms "sexual scripts" and "sexual double standard"?
Q4) Explain why teens don't use condoms consistently despite the fact that they know about condom effectiveness for preventing pregnancy and STIs.
Q5) Describe a few ways in which different cultures control women's sexuality.
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) Research on divorce indicates that
A) the United States has the highest divorce rate of any industrialized country.
B) people whose parents have been divorced are unlikely to divorce.
C) divorce rates continue to rise steeply.
D) women who work outside the home are no more likely to divorce than are homemakers.
Q2) Studies of divorce and remarriage suggest that second marriages are ________ than first marriages to end in divorce.
A) slightly less likely
B) equally as likely
C) much less likely
D) even more likely
Q3) Which of the following is a factor that has been shown to help African American women adjust to divorce better than White women?
A) They remarry quickly after a divorce.
B) They cope effectively with psychological distress.
C) They are efficient at managing finances.
D) They live in multigenerational households.
Q4) Is egalitarian marriage possible? Why or why not?
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Q1) Describe the Lamaze method and what its effects seem to be for mothers and fathers.
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between typical African American/Black vs. White American mothers?
A) Black women are more likely to equate motherhood with depending on a man.
B) Black women are continuing to be impacted by residuals of the United States' slave system.
C) White women are more likely to divorce.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Discuss the consequences of viewing childbirth as a medical event for women and infants.
Q4) In general, the development of new reproductive technology has
A) introduced troublesome questions of ethics, morality, power, and choice.
B) resulted in progress and an increased choice for women with regard to reproductive freedom.
C) led to a decrease in controversy surrounding the medical manipulation of women's bodies.
D) created new problems for fathers.
Q5) Why is fathering a feminist issue?
Q6) What are the pros and cons of using anesthetics during labor?
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Q1) Describe the typical experience of a female token in the workplace. How does this seem to differ from that of a male token?
Q2) Many women workers have suspected that their work has been judged less positively simply because it was done by a woman. Is there any psychological research that would justify that suspicion? Discuss.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of tokenism?
A) a solo woman in an otherwise all-male group
B) a lone man in an otherwise all-female group
C) a single Black in an otherwise all-White group
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) How do you define a "successful" woman?
Q5) Research shows, regardless of whether individuals succeed or fail, men are assumed to be ________ and women are assumed to be ________.
A) basically competent; basically incompetent
B) hard workers; lucky
C) hard workers; indolent workers
D) in control; out of control
Q6) What is sexual harassment? Why is it problematic?
Q7) Has housework become easier in the last 50 years? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Q1) Research suggests ________ greatly improves older people's health and feelings of well-being as they age.
A) exercise
B) support group
C) plastic surgery
D) family support
Q2) Why are women more likely than men to be caregivers for elderly relatives and aging spouses? How does personality affect who gets assigned care work? What are the psychological costs and rewards of being a caregiver?
Q3) In the context of work and achievement, what are the consequences of poverty in later life on women?
Q4) Discuss the various effects of age stereotypes.
Q5) Which of the following is true of gender differences and coronary heart disease?
A) Estrogens protect women from coronary heart disease.
B) Heart disease has decreased for men but is increasing for women.
C) Heart disease is decreasing for women but staying the same for men.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q6) Discuss the positive aspects of growing older from a woman's perspective.
Q7) How do women become invisible as they age? Provide examples in your discussion.
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Q1) Differentiate between common couples violence and patriarchal terrorism.
Q2) Discuss "honor-based" violence as an example of violence against women stemming from sociocultural factors.
Q3) Children, especially girls, are most often sexually abused by A) someone they know and trust. B) babysitters.
C) strangers.
D) other children.
Q4) Describe the research on rape and sexual assault. How does it differ from stereotypes about sexual attacks?
Q5) Media violence builds schemas of the world as A) a colorful and varied place.
B) being kind to those in need.
C) a dangerous and scary place.
D) a place where being weak is the best way to stay out of harm's way.
Q6) Talk about objectification, inequality, power differences, and/or other topics concerning this subject.
Q7) How can the things you have learned throughout the book so far on feminist ideas and concerns be applied to the problem of domestic violence?
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Q1) Which of the following is true of moodiness and fear?
A) They are more characteristically stereotyped as working class rather than middle class.
B) They are more characteristically stereotyped as female rather than male.
C) They are more characteristically stereotyped as Black rather than White.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is true of a number of women with eating disorders?
A) They also have depression.
B) They also have anxiety.
C) They are socially rewarded for their low weight.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Labeling women as masochistic
A) provided them with appropriate responsibility.
B) is unusual in industrialized nations.
C) provided a rationalization or justification for their subordinate status.
D) provided them with appropriate responsibility and is unusual in industrialized nations.
Q4) Why is psychological diagnosis so much more problematic than physical diagnosis?
Q5) What is the problem with the diagnoses of borderline and dependent personality disorders in women?
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Q1) How do modern college students-men and women both-view feminism? How do their views affect their beliefs about women's issues?
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about all feminists?
A) They share the idea that women are unworthy and powerless.
B) They share the idea that collective action is unnecessary.
C) They share the idea that social change is necessary.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of all feminists?
A) They believe that women are the same all over the world.
B) They believe that social change is unnecessary.
C) They believe that collective action is necessary.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) The major accomplishment of the first wave of feminist activists was
A) the vote for women.
B) the work associated with reproductive rights.
C) the acknowledgement of equal pay for equal work.
D) the decrease of sexism in the media.
Q5) How have women of color challenged and changed the concepts of feminism and women's issues?
Q6) How will you deal with the backlash and stereotypes that are faced by feminists? Page 16
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