Introduction to Western Heritage
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Western Heritage explores the major ideas, events, and movements that have shaped Western civilization from antiquity to the modern era. Through a multidisciplinary approach, students examine foundational texts, philosophical traditions, artistic achievements, and political developments that define the Western heritage. The course encourages critical analysis of historical contexts and enduring themes such as democracy, individualism, scientific inquiry, and cultural interaction, fostering an understanding of their impact on contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
The Western Heritage Combined Volume 11th Edition by Donald M. Kagan
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30 Chapters
2397 Verified Questions
2397 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shortly before 1500,the process of smelting ________ was discovered.
A)steel
B)bronze
C)copper
D)iron
Answer: D
Q2) The archaeological findings at Neolithic Jericho and Çatal Höyük suggest that the
A)settlement patterns of this period were characterized by upheaval
B)settlement patterns of this period were markedly similar
C)use of fortifications was widespread
D)settlement patterns of this period may be more complicated than previously inferred
Answer: D
Q3) Egyptian history is traditionally divided into thirty-one royal dynasties,starting with that of Menes and ending with the one established by ________.
Answer: Alexander the Great
Q4) The Assyrians spoke a ________ language closely related to Babylonian.
Answer: Semitic
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization
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Q1) An effect of Draco's special authority to codify and publish laws for the first time was the ________.
A)granting of rights of habeas corpus
B)granting of the right of the accused to face their accuser
C)publication of set laws that applied to all of the lower classes
D)publication of laws strengthening the hand of the state against powerful nobles
Answer: D
Q2) By confronting the Greeks with the differences between themselves and the new people they met,colonization gave them a sense of cultural identity and fostered a ________ spirit.
Answer: Panhellenic
Q3) After the withdrawal of the Spartans from Athens,Clisthenes,who had lost his political power to nobility,took the unprecedented action of ________.
A)turning to the people for political support
B)challenging the nobility to a debate
C)asking King Cleomenes I to intervene on his behalf
D)marrying the daughter of one of the nobles
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the collapse of the Athenian Empire,Sparta began to alienate some of its allies,such as Thebes and Corinth,by its ________.
A)refusal to include them in war revenues
B)increasingly arrogant policies
C)continual disputes about borders
D)refusal to send in post-war aid for reconstruction
Answer: B
Q2) Greek religion emphasized ________.
A)moral conduct and orthodox belief
B)the faithful practice of rituals
C)faith above patriotism and good citizenship
D)the role of each individual in achieving salvation
Answer: B
Q3) What new city in Egypt was the center of literary production in the third and second centuries b.c.e.
A)Athens
B)Piraeus
C)Babylon
D)Alexandria
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire
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Q1) Rome borrowed mythology,aspects of religion,philosophy,and literature from the ________;educated Romans were expected to be bilingual.
Q2) Somewhat ironically,the constant wars fought by the Roman Republic left a historical reputation of ________.
A)artistic accomplishment
B)competent craftsmanship
C)freedom and the rights of man
D)lasting peace
Q3) Who were coloni?
A)midlevel officers of the army responsible for a single platoon
B)humanist teachers who developed punctuation for Latin
C)divinators who looked for signs in sheep intestines
D)tenant farmers who replaced most agricultural slave labor
Q4) Octavian made Mark Antony look weak by suggesting he was merely a pawn of Cleopatra,queen of ________.
Q5) Compare the First and Second Triumvirates.Which was more effective? Why? What led to the dissolution of each?
Q6) One of the rewards held out to defeated enemies in Italy was Roman ________.
Q7) Was Rome part of the Hellenistic world? Support your answer with details.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Roman Empire
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Q1) Although differences in doctrine had the potential to splinter the early Christian church into dozens of sects,a unity of belief and ritual was maintained by a ________.
A)single religious leader known as the pope
B)group of secret nuns
C)network of bishops
D)regular publication of current thought
Q2) Although Latin was the language of the Roman Empire,eastern provinces continued to use _______.
Q3) Less than a hundred years after the crucifixion,membership in the Christian community was ________.
A)virtually unknown
B)a crime
C)plummeting
D)expensive
Q4) Early Christians organized themselves into communities and elected ________ to lead worship and supervise funds.
Q5) Although he was arguably reflecting the society around him,________ was exiled for writing that was considered out of step with Augustan ideals of morality.
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Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
Creating a New European Society and Culture 4761000
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Q1) Which emperor first divided the Roman Empire into east and west?
A)Augustus
B)Constantine
C)Diocletian
D)Valens
Q2) The Frankish kingdom consisted of two dynasties,the Merovingian and the ________.
Q3) The Merovingian Dynasty was founded by the warrior chieftain ________.
A)Charlemagne
B)Clovis
C)Lothar
D)Merovich
Q4) As retaliation for Cardinal Humbertus' actions,the patriarch declared that all Western popes ________.
A)were enemies of the Byzantine state
B)had been tools of the Roman Empire under Diocletian
C)were demoted to bishops
D)had been heretics since the sixth century
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Q5) ________ wrote Rule for Monasteries,which laid out a schedule that accounted for every moment in a monk's day.
Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: the Rise of European Empires
and States (1000-1300)
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Q1) The job of the royal executives,called ________,was to monitor the royal officials responsible for local governmental administration.
A)enquêteurs
B)baillis
C)paysans
D)prévôts
Q2) King John's attitude toward the Magna Carta can best be described as ________.
A)eventual acceptance
B)continued resistance
C)willful ignorance
D)defiant nullification
Q3) Which of the following best describes Frederick II's relationship with the pope?
A)His relationship with the pope was disastrous;he was excommunicated four times.
B)His relationship with the pope was brilliant;he reestablished strong church-state relations.
C)His relationship with the pope was nonexistent;due to specific alliances,the papacy proved to be the enemy.
D)His relationship with the pope was tumultuous,but remained close.
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Chapter 8: Medieval
Society: Hierarchies, towns, universities, and Families (1000-1300)
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the late Middle Ages,the nobility ________.
A)had broken into two recognizable groups: higher and lower
B)were moving toward becoming merchants and traders
C)resorted to warfare only when they were attacked
D)rejected the code of chivalry
Q2) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the University of Paris in the 1200s?
A)Professors ran their classrooms in an informal setting.
B)Educators and university administrators only cared about the image of the university,not educational content.
C)Education reform in the sciences was of the utmost importance.
D)It was a collection of scholars,not buildings.
Q3) In the twelfth century,knighthood was legally restricted to men of ________.
Q4) University students in the twelfth century were least likely to study by what method?
A)lecture
B)discussion
C)drawing conclusions
D)reading
Page 10
Q5) In the later Middle Ages,serfs started paying their dues in ________ payments.
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Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political
Breakdown (1300-1453)
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements most aptly applies to the bull Ausculta fili?
A)The church and state are one.
B)The church has authority over the state.
C)The church and state are separate but equal entities.
D)The state is set above the church.
Q2) Generally speaking,the Black Death moved ________ through Europe.
A)slowly
B)north and west
C)from north to south
D)from rural to urban areas
Q3) Peasant revolts in the period of the Black Death were triggered by ________.
A)attempts to reimpose pre-1340s economic conditions
B)anger at the disproportionate loss of life among the lower classes
C)religious ferment
D)the rapid growth of towns
Q4) Which of these provoked the Hundred Years' War?
A)a French claim to the English throne
B)an English claim to the French throne
C)disputes over Flanders
D)English possession of French land
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Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery
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Q1) What caused the secure government of France created by Louis XI to become a defeated nation under his successors?
A)bad foreign policy
B)the collapse of the English empire
C)the dissolution of Burgundy
D)newly acquired Burgundian lands
Q2) Between the newly acquired Burgundian lands and his own inheritance,King Louis XI was able to end his reign with a kingdom almost ________ the size of that he had inherited.
Q3) Which of the following ideas was held to be true in both Renaissance Italy and in Reformation Europe?
A)The interests of laity are no longer subordinate to clergy.
B)Medieval Christian values are important teachings.
C)The philosophies of Plato and Aristotle are counter to truth.
D)Art must be abstract and formulaic.
Q4) In detail,explain the formation,rise to power,and control that despots had on Italian society in the fifteenth century.Was the rule subtle or blatant? Who were the main ruling families of this era? As a result of this rule,what other aspects of society were influenced? In what ways?
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Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what city did Calvin make his name?
A)Bern
B)Geneva
C)Wittenberg
D)Strasbourg
Q2) The long-entrenched __________ system of the medieval church had permitted important ecclesiastical posts to be sold to the highest bidders.
Q3) Issued by Henry VIII,the ____________ reaffirmed transubstantiation,denied the Eucharistic cup to the laity,declared celibate vows inviolable,provided for private Masses,and ordered the continuation of oral confession.
Q4) Who were the main protagonists in Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote? What do these characters reveal about Spanish society at large? Do you believe that any of Cervantes' past experiences contributed to this particular point of view? Explain.
Q5) How did predestination factor into Calvin's theology?
A)Predestination played no part in Calvin's theology.
B)Predestination played a small part in Calvin's theology.
C)Predestination was central to Calvin's theology.
D)Predestination was important but not central to Calvin's theology.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many French aristocrats found ______________ religious convictions useful to their political goals.
Q2) What did the following major works of the 1570s have in common: the Franco-Gallia of Francois Hotman,On the Right of Magistrates over Their Subjects by Theodore Beza,and Defense of Liberty against Tyrants by Philippe du Plessis Mornay?
A)They were all written in praise of the king.
B)They included instructions on religious doctrine.
C)They included instructions for resistance against German lords.
D)They all included classical Protestant theories of resistance.
Q3) What were the original goals of Cardinal Granvelle when he led the special council of state in the Netherlands?
A)establish local autonomy for the seventeen Netherlands provinces
B)decentralize the government and put it in the hands of a Dutch ruler
C)destroy any threats to Margaret of Parma and to establish her as the ruler of the Netherlands
D)break down local autonomy and build a central royal government directed from Madrid
Q4) Catherine de Médicis aligned herself with the ________ family for political advantage.
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Chapter 13: European State Consolidation in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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Q1) The chief feature of eighteenth-century French political life was ________.
A)Louis XIV's lack of leadership
B)the failure of the nobility to dominate the Parliament
C)the protest by the peasantry to gain more influence and representation in Parliament
D)the attempt of the nobility to use its authority to limit the power of the monarchy
Q2) The Militia Ordinance gave the English Parliament the power to ________.
A)raise its own army
B)raise or lower taxes
C)dissolve the monarchy
D)house soldiers in the homes of citizens
Q3) The ________ was meant to ensure that Maria Theresa could inherit the Habsburg crown.
Q4) The goal of the Table of Ranks was to ________.
A)draw the nobility into state service
B)eliminate the need for nobles to serve the central state
C)force nobles into military service
D)restrict religious leaders from controlling parts of the central state
Q5) The ________ dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.
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Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
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Q1) The experiences of the English Civil War led Thomas Hobbes to summarize his views about strong central government in his book ________.
A)Second Treatise of Government
B)Leviathan
C)Discourse on Method
D)Gulliver's Travels
Q2) Explain the role of the institutions of science created in the scientific revolution,including the Royal Society of London and the Berlin Academy of Sciences.Why were these institutions important and how did they relate to contemporary authorities?
Q3) Explain the beliefs of Francis Bacon.Why did he want to be compared to Columbus? Is that an accurate comparison? Why did Bacon disagree with most people in his day when they recalled antiquity as the best era of human history? Do you agree or disagree with his views? Why?
Q4) The most famous institution dedicated to the new sciences was the ________.
A)Berlin Academy of Science
B)Royal Society of London
C)University of Paris
D)French Academy of Science
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century
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Q1) Describe the hierarchy and privilege in the Old Regime.Why did both peasants and aristocrats seek the maintenance of traditional society? Compare and contrast what each social group had to gain or lose if the Old Regime system were eliminated.
Q2) What persuaded people to bathe regularly toward the middle of the eighteenth century?
A)Physicians believed that bathing the pores would allow miasma to infect the body.
B)Linen became more popular than woolen clothing,which meant wearers had to be cleaner.
C)Women had less time for housework and wanted to enjoy leisure pursuits.
D)New ideas emerged about the benefits of bathing on good health.
Q3) The bourgeoisie were the merchants,trades people,bankers,and professional people that constituted the ________.
Q4) In what ways might the segregation of Jews from the rest of European society have helped perpetuate stereotypes and biases against them? Do you believe that any groups in contemporary society are similarly segregated? Explain your answer.
Q5) Jewish districts in European cities were called ________.
Q6) In many ways,the Russian nobility was created in the ________ century.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
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Q1) What factors led to the alliance of France and the American colonists? Explain the historical factors that led to this alliance as well as the risks and benefits to France of establishing ties with the colonists.
Q2) What crop,more than any other,increased the early demand for slave labor?
A)sugar
B)cotton
C)tobacco
D)potatoes
Q3) The text states that colonial economic realities and the mercantilist theory diverged,sometimes significantly.If colonies had been acquired and administered strictly according to the mercantilist theory,and if European technological superiority had been so overwhelming that the Europeans could do whatever they wanted,what kinds of colonies would the European powers have wanted? What would the Europeans have wanted to do with these colonies? What would the Europeans have wanted to avoid?
Q4) John Wilkes printed his ideas in his newspaper called ________.
Q5) After 1800,European empires increasingly claimed to use formally ________ labor,though they still involved much harsh treatment of non-white indigenous populations.
Q6) The ________ system was meant to maintain Spain's monopoly on trade.
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Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
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Q1) Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish,often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light?
A)Baroque
B)Rococo
C)Impressionism
D)Neoclassicism
Q2) Smith's four-stage theory placed European culture ________.
A)in the third stage
B)at the summit of human achievement
C)in the Enlightenment stage of development
D)in a stage beyond the fourth stage
Q3) ________,an eighteenth-century philosopher,was known as the "Jewish Socrates."
A)Thomas Hobbes
B)Baruch Spinoza
C)René Descartes
D)Moses Mendelssohn
Q4) Explain the philosophes' interpretation of the imperial movements,including the discussion of slavery in America.How do you think their ideas would have been received by their contemporaries?
19
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Chapter 18: The French Revolution
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Q1) The Jacobins,like those who carried out the September Massacres,were motivated by
A)fear of counterrevolution
B)the bread riots
C)the white terror
D)fear of the Catholic Church
Q2) By late 1794,the French army ________.
A)was disbanded
B)was larger than any other in European history
C)numbered little more than 50,000 men
D)joined forces with the soldiers of Polish reform
Q3) The Roman Catholic Church ________.
A)condemned the French Revolution
B)enthusiastically supported the French Revolution
C)accepted the French Revolution
D)ignored the French Revolution
Q4) With reference to Map 18-1 on page 562,discuss the move from the provinces to the departments.In what ways is this administrative structure more beneficial? In what ways would it be deficient? Explain.
Q5) The tempering of the revolution was known as the ________ Reaction.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism
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Q1) In his book,On Heroes and Hero-Worship,Thomas Carlyle presented ________ as the embodiment of the hero as prophet.
Q2) One of the central features of the Romantic movement in Germany was the emergence of ________.
A)nationalism
B)rebellion
C)chauvinism
D)partisanship
Q3) For his service in recovering the port of Toulon from the British,Napoleon was
A)appointed a brigadier general
B)given command in Italy
C)asked to serve as First Consul
D)asked to serve as head of the Directory
Q4) The Confederation of the Rhine is just one example of _______.
A)nationalistic responses to Napoleon's conquests
B)Napoleon's interference in political affairs across Europe
C)the devastation of the Napoleonic wars
D)coalitions that sprang up in defense against Napoleon's invasions
Q5) Kant's ___________ refers to an innate sense of moral duty.
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Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815-1832)
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Q1) A peaceful rebellion against colonial powers occurred in ________.
A)Haiti
B)Argentina
C)New Spain
D)Brazil
Q2) The first region of Latin America to assert itself toward independence was ________ or modern Argentina.
Q3) The Concert of Europe refers to the ________.
A)new informal arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues
B)new Russian,Austrian,Prussian,and British quadruple alliance
C)January 1820 outbreak of the Spanish revolution
D)1814 restoration of the French monarchy
Q4) What was the relationship between Russia and Serbia after the mid-1820s?
A)Serbia was colonized by RussiA.
B)Serbia was overtaken by political forces in Russia.
C)Russia became the protector of Serbia.
D)Serbia revolted against Russian control.
Q5) The occupation of ________ gave French merchants in Marseilles new economic ties to North America.
Q6) Behind the concept of nationalism usually lay the idea of popular ________. Page 22
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Chapter 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest
(1830-1850)
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Q1) In the domestic system of textile production,hand spinning was performed by
A)women
B)men
C)both men and women
D)unskilled workers
Q2) The decade of the 1820s saw an increase in women working in textile factories.Their new jobs required ________.
A)fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work
B)more skills than those required in home-based textile work
C)more skills than those required for work typically done by men
D)at least a grammar school education
Q3) Chartism focused on reforms concerning _________.
A)free trade
B)suffrage
C)trade unions
D)social welfare
Q4) Ships used as prisons were called _______.
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Q5) The theory of _____ was based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States
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Q1) The French National Assembly backed into a ________ form of government against its will.
Q2) The Balkan tensions of the late 1800s ________.
A)helped to spark the First World War
B)decreased as national groups linked themselves to established states
C)were a major source of political instability in Western Europe
D)were a result of conflicts between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires
Q3) The Crimean War was the first to ________.
A)utilize modern trench warfare
B)engineer and use early airplanes
C)be covered by war correspondents and photographers
D)issue modern mess kits,including penicillin
Q4) Discuss reforms in Britain during Benjamin Disraeli's terms.Who benefited from them and how did they extend the rights of the government,business,and workers?
Q5) One of the objectives of the Paris Commune was to ________.
A)administer Paris separately from the rest of France
B)persuade the government to move the capital back to Paris
C)combat anti-Semitism in Paris
D)infiltrate the government and military in order to liberate Paris from France
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Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society
and Politics to World War I
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Q1) Describe three events that helped to shape the evolution of the Second Industrial Revolution.
Q2) One of the main destinations in Africa for many Europeans was ________.
A)Egypt
B)Palestine
C)modern-day Zimbabwe
D)South Africa
Q3) The emancipation of the Jews began in the ________.
A)seventeenth century and was completed by the end of the nineteenth century
B)eighteenth century and was completed by the end of the nineteenth century
C)nineteenth century and was completed by the end of the same century
D)eighteenth century and was never fully completed
Q4) Which of the following was considered a white-collar worker?
A)librarian
B)lower-level government bureaucrat
C)schoolteacher
D)shopkeeper
Q5) Explain how migration patterns have affected the world's food and resource situation.What reasons are given for a persistent crisis in certain regions of the world?
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Chapter 24: The Birth of Modern European Thought
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Q1) In his Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races,Count Arthur de Gobineau
A)portrayed Western troubles as springing from racial mixing
B)claimed Western troubles were the result of resistance to intermarriage
C)railed against the racism that had long existed in European culture
D)blamed the black race for what he called "contrary discrimination"
Q2) Which of the following groups or institutions acted as the primary forum for feminist writers to advance their ideas at the turn of the century?
A)churches
B)socialist groups
C)literary networks
D)universities
Q3) T.H.Huxley claimed to have found ________.
A)scientific proof of female superiority
B)scientific proof of female inferiority
C)scientific proof of equality between men and women
D)biological evidence of original sin
Q4) Charles Darwin applied the principle of evolution by natural selection to humans in his book ________.
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Chapter 25: The Age of Western Imperialism
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Q1) What technological innovation helped Britain win the first Opium War against China?
A)quinine
B)iron steamboat
C)machine gun
D)gunpowder
Q2) How did British trade and imperial policies seek to benefit the home country?
Compare and contrast several policies for ruling and controlling the empire,and explain how they furthered the empire's underlying goals.
Q3) Laos and Cambodia became protectorates of ________ in the 1880s and 1890s.
A)France
B)the United States
C)China
D)Japan
Q4) U.S.support for Cuba's revolt led to the ________.
Q5) Power vacuums created by the decay of the ________ led to many of the territorial acquisitions associated with the New Imperialism.
Q6) Japan became a major imperial power in Asia in 1895 after defeating ________.
Q7) British and Russian rivalry over Central Asia ended with ________.
Page 28
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Chapter 26: Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace
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Q1) Rivalry in the Balkans became an international conflict when ________.
A)Germany attempted to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina
B)Slavs in Bosnia and Herzegovina revolted against Turkish rule
C)Serbia and Montenegro assisted the Slavs in the revolt against Turkish rule
D)Russia became involved in the Slav revolt against Turkish rule
Q2) A Greek invasion of the Turkish homeland provoked a nationalist reaction,bringing the young general Mustafa Kemal,or the ________,to power.
A)"Prince of Nationalism"
B)"General of Freedom"
C)"Protector of the People"
D)"Father of the Turks"
Q3) World War I ________.
A)did little to eliminate colonialism
B)brought about the rapid elimination of colonialism
C)led the United States to seek new colonies
D)led to a prohibition on the creation of new colonies by European nations
Q4) The notion of "a peace without ________" became a mockery when the Soviet Union and Germany were excluded from the peace conference.
Q5) The tsar and his family were murdered by ________.
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Chapter 27: The Interwar Years: the Challenge of Dictators and Depression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Italy became a single-party,dictatorial state in ________.
Q2) The majority of the founding members of the Fasci di Combattimento were ________.
A)war veterans
B)government workers
C)members of the Socialist Party
D)members of the Communist Party
Q3) The Great Depression began in the year ________.
Q4) In the Nazi ideology,women were considered first and foremost as _________.
A)economically useless
B)inferior
C)morally weak
D)mothers
Q5) What country was once known as the Kingdom of the Serbs,Croats,and Slovenes?
A)Czechoslovakia
B)Yugoslavia
C)Poland
D)Hungary
Q6) Hitler was named _________ in 1933.
Q7) In Poland in 1926,________ launched a military coup. Page 30
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Chapter 28: World War Ii
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Q1) During the ________,the Russians lost more men than the Americans lost in combat during the entire war.
A)Battle of the Bulge
B)Battle of Moscow
C)Battle of Normandy
D)Battle of Stalingrad
Q2) Which of the following countries had the highest number of concentration camps?
A)Austria
B)Czechoslovakia
C)Germany
D)Romania
Q3) ________ did not sign peace treaties until 1947.
A)The Soviet Union and Germany
B)The Soviet Union,Romania,and Bulgaria
C)Romania,Hungary,and Bulgaria
D)Italy,Finland,Romania,Hungary,and Bulgaria
Q4) The League of Nations demonstrated weakness in its response to Japan's occupation of ________.
Q5) The Big Three for most of the war were _________.
Q6) The ________ French government collaborated with the Nazis.
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Chapter 29: The Cold War Era, decolonization, and the
Emergence of a New Europe
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Q1) Mohandas Gandhi adopted the model of passive resistance after exposure to the writings of what American writer?
A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Margaret Fuller
C)Henry David Thoreau
D)Nathaniel Hawthorne
Q2) The Reagan era saw both _______ of the Cold War.
A)hardening and softening
B)the beginning and the end
C)the height and the end
D)escalation and intensification
Q3) The American policy to resist the extension of Soviet expansion,in the expectation that the Soviets would eventually collapse from internal pressure,is called ________.
A)commandment
B)constraint
C)containment
D)constriction
Q4) The term "war on terrorism" was coined by ________.
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Q5) During his presidency,Vladimir Putin renewed the war against rebels in ________.
Chapter 30: Social, cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West Through the Present
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Q1) For much of the first decade of the twenty-first century,relations between the United States and post-Soviet Union Europe were ________.
A)harmonious
B)considerably strained
C)becoming less tense
D)volatile
Q2) Compared to abstract art-illustrated by Jackson Pollock-socialist realism was much more ________.
A)innovative
B)amateurish
C)gloomy
D)tied to political ideology
Q3) Which word or phrase best characterizes socialist realism?
A)optimistic
B)realistic
C)existential
D)consumerism
Q4) The European Economic Community (EEC)was also called the ________.
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Q5) The first machine genuinely recognizable as a modern digital computer was the