Introduction to Western Civilization II Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Introduction to Western Civilization II examines the major social, political, economic, and cultural developments in Europe and the wider Western world from the 17th century to the present. The course explores key events and movements such as the Enlightenment, the French and Industrial Revolutions, the rise of nation-states, imperialism, the world wars, the Cold War, and recent global transformations. Students will analyze primary sources, trace the evolution of ideas and institutions, and consider the connections between Western civilization and global trends, fostering an understanding of the forces that have shaped the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
2211 Verified Questions
2211 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The author of Spiritual Exercises, the key work of the Catholic Reformation, was Pope Paul III.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In the eastern part of his empire, Charles V faced a threat to his power from
A) France.
B) the Austrian empire.
C) the League of Cambrai.
D) Muscovy.
E) the Ottoman empire.
Answer: E
Q3) In France, the politiques were
A) heads of various religious and political factions during the civil wars.
B) administrators in provincial towns, appointed by the king.
C) those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion.
D) advisors to Catherine de'Medici.
E) always the chief ministers to the kings.
Answer: C
Page 3
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu
A) expelled all missionaries.
B) invited Protestant missionaries to visit.
C) executed all missionaries.
D) converted to Catholicism.
E) invited French Catholic missionaries to stay.
Answer: A
Q2) The Treaty of Tordesillas divided
A) the Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
B) South Africa between the English and the Dutch.
C) the New World between Spain and Portugal.
D) the North Atlantic between England and France.
E) the South Pacific between Spain and the Dutch Republic.
Answer: C
Q3) Printed editions of Ptolemy's Geography did not become available until 1600, too late to make any significant difference in the efforts of early European explorers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) the house of Orange
Answer: The House of Orange is a noble family with a long and influential history in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands. The House of Orange-Nassau has been a prominent royal dynasty in the Netherlands since the 16th century, and members of the family have held the title of Prince or Princess of Orange.
The House of Orange played a significant role in the Dutch War of Independence against Spanish rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, and they have continued to be an important part of Dutch history and politics. The current monarch of the Netherlands, King Willem-Alexander, is a member of the House of Orange-Nassau.
The House of Orange is also closely associated with the color orange, which has become a national color of the Netherlands and is prominently displayed during national holidays and sporting events. The House of Orange has a rich and complex history, and their influence can still be seen in the Netherlands today.
Q2) Thirty Years War
Answer: not answered
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Page 5
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism
Q2) Among the following, who is not associated with major changes in sixteenth and seventeenth-century scientific research?
A) Vesalius
B) Harvey
C) Paracelsus
D) Galen
E) Boyle
Q3) The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was
A) condemnation, initially by Protestant leaders like Luther who condemned the discovery as contrary to their literal interpretation of the Bible.
B) broad approval motivated by their now higher educational achievements.
C) confused silence.
D) the calling of the Council of Dort by Protestants and Catholics to question the astronomer closely prior to trial for blasphemy.
E) apathy because they could not understand either his theory or his calculations.
Q4) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Q5) epicycles
6
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Q2) Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?
A) Baron Paul d'Holbach
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Denis Diderot
D) Francois Quesnay
E) Voltaire
Q3) John Locke's tabula rasa
Q4) Isaac Newton was influential on the eighteenth century Enlightenment because of his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?
Q7) In summary, what was the Enlightenment?
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Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) European population growth in the second half of the eighteenth century
A) saw all of the great powers grow in population except Russia.
B) occurred despite increased death and infant mortality rates.
C) was due to the absence of famines and elimination of most major diseases.
D) was nearly double the rate of the first half of the century.
E) in fact declined because of increased urbanization which resulted in increased unsanitary conditions.
Q2) Eighteenth century enlightened rulers were not always "enlightened," but they were also hindered in instituting necessary reforms because of the power still held by the hereditary aristocracy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) John Law's "bubble"
Q4) Under the reign of Frederick William I, Prussia
A) saw the size of its army diminish.
B) reduced the size and scope of government.
C) witnessed nobles dominate important administrative posts.
D) failed to establish an efficient civil bureaucracy.
E) became a highly centralized European state.
Q5) press-ganged
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French
Revolution and Napoleon
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key conduit of "enlightened" American political and moral ideas back to Europe was formed by
A) returning British prisoners of war.
B) the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War.
C) European nobles returning from expeditions to the new American frontier.
D) missionary priests returning from evangelical campaigns deep in the U.S.back country.
E) official proclamations sent to the governments of Europe by George Washington.
Q2) Third Estate
Q3) Girondins and the Mountain
Q4) During the Reign of Terror, the majority of the victims were
A) nobles.
B) clergy.
C) middle class.
D) peasant and laboring classes.
E) the bourgeoisie.
Q5) natural rights
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) the Crystal Palace
Q2) Which nineteenth century novelist described the coal towns as a place "where the struggling vegetation sickened and sank under the hot breath of kiln and furnace"?
A) Gustav Flaubert
B) Emile Zola
C) Herman Melville
D) Charles Dickens
E) George Eliot
Q3) Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century
A) could not keep up with French textile production.
B) was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C) declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D) immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E) was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.
Q4) Other than in mines, British children in the nineteenth century were generally treated with gentle decency.
A)True
B)False
Q5) canals
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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121 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the 1830s and 1840s, did Britain undergo a silent revolution of laws and gradual shifts?
Q2) The author of Reflections on the Revolution in France and the founder of modern philosophical conservatism was
A) Viscount Castlereigh
B) William Pitt the Younger.
C) Horatio Nelson.
D) Edmund Burke.
E) Robert Owen.
Q3) Reform Act of 1832
Q4) Did the Congress of Vienna represent a resurgence of old traditions or the emergence of a new international order, or, perhaps, some of both?
Q5) Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan
Q6) Professional civilian police forces known as serjents first appeared in 1829 in A) Germany.
B) Russia.
C) Italy.
D) Bavaria.
E) France.
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Chapter
10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joseph Lister
Q2) Dmitri Mendeleyev
Q3) As a consequence of her defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to A) pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion Francs.
B) abandon Nice and Marseilles.
C) give the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia, a loss leaving the French set on revenge.
D) try Napoleon III for war crimes before a Prussian tribunal.
E) a and c
Q4) Piedmont and the House of Savoy
Q5) Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning A) all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. B) no real changes in society can occur before industrialization.
C) dictatorship is the central political force in all history.
D) political diatribes are the highest form of intellectual thought.
E) there is a world soul, which alternates between democracy and dictatorship.
Q6) The Communist Manifesto
Q7) Hegel's dialectic
Q8) Zollverein
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aletta Jacob and "family planning"
Q2) Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
Q3) The Irish parliamentary leader who demanded home-rule for Ireland in the 1880s was
A) William Gladstone.
B) William Butler Yeats.
C) Edward Fitzgerald.
D) Wolfe Tone.
E) Charles Parnell.
Q4) Coney Island and Blackpool
Q5) The policy pursued by Russia's Alexander III and Nicholas II after the assassination of Alexander II was a policy of
A) liberalism.
B) nationalism.
C) socialism.
D) militarism.
E) autocracy.
Q6) Spanish-American War
Q7) plutocrats
Q8) Marxist "revisionism"
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Chapter 12: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and
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Q1) What were some of the underlying causes for the Great War that broke out in 1914?
Q2) Triple Entente
Q3) Which of the following was not an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?
A) the argument of "the white man's burden"
B) Social Darwinism
C) the need for military bases
D) to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"
E) national prestige
Q4) Henri Bergson's "life force"
Q5) Define Social Darwinism.How did this interpretation of human existence shape late nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century European society? In what sections of modern society today do we see the persistence of this philosophy?
Q6) Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer
Q7) Theodor Herzl and Zionism
Q8) Boxer Rebellion
Q9) Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Page 14
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Page 15
Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) World War I was the defining event of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) reparations
Q3) the Nineteenth Amendment
Q4) Were there any realistic alternatives to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, given the causes and the consequences of the war and its impact upon western civilization?
Q5) No Man's Land
Q6) Most Europeans went to war in 1914 with considerable concern, fear, and trepidation.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Article 231
Q8) The United States entered World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain and France after a German expeditionary force occupied several neutral islands in the Caribbean.
A)True
B)False
Q9) Sarajevo Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) squadristi
Q2) Fuhrerprinzip
Q3) Adolph Hitler
Q4) Mussolini came to power and made Italy the first fascist nations in 1922 as the result of a violent civil war that drove King Victor Emmanuel III into exile.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The city in which Hitler spent his formative years and developed his fundamental ideas was
A) Berlin.
B) Munich.
C) Frankfort.
D) Hamburg.
E) Vienna.
Q6) Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War
Q7) Did anything good immediately result from the Great Depression?
Q8) "socialist realism"
Q9) Benito Mussolini Page 18
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dresden
Q2) "displaced persons"
Q3) How important was the United States in determining the outcome of the war in Europe?
Q4) The Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 included the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Who became the new prime minister of Great Britain in May, 1940?
A) Neville Chamberlain.
B) Gordon Brown.
C) Winston Churchill.
D) Harry Truman.
E) Benjamin Disraeli.
Q6) How do you account for the early successes of the Germans from 1939 to 1941? To what degree did Blitzkrieg play a role in these successes?
Q7) When and why did the initiative in World War II pass out of Germany's hands?
Page 20
Q8) Was it morally right to use the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Q9) Grand Alliance
Q10) Manhattan Project
Q11) Nazi New Order
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Page 21
Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) One country that was not an original member of the European Coal and Steel Community was
A) France.
B) England.
C) West Germany.
D) Italy.
E) Belgium.
Q2) apartheid
Q3) The one issue on which the Arab states were united was
A) the Suez Canal.
B) equal sharing in oil revenues.
C) Palestine.
D) a sympathy for Communism.
E) the worship of Allah.
Q4) The Cold War spread from Europe with the establishment of a Communist regime in China in 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Christian Democratic parties
Q6) Bay of Pigs
Page 22
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jacques Derrida and deconstructionism
Q2) The American president who did the most to escalate the U.S.presence in Vietnam was Lyndon Johnson.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Olivier Messiaen and serialism
Q4) Lech Walesa and Solidarity
Q5) Alexander Dubcek introduced all of the following reforms in Czechoslovakia except
A) freedom of speech.
B) freedom of the press.
C) a cessation of secret police activities.
D) freedom to travel abroad.
E) a relaxation of secret police activities.
Q6) Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man
Q7) the European Community/EC
Q8) Second Vietnam War
Q9) Nixon and Zedong and a "strategic relationship"
Q10) the "four olds" and "permanent revolution" and the Red Guards Page 23
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pan American flight 103
Q2) Bosnia
Q3) One of the underlying causes for the end of the Cold War was
A) the fall of Khrushchev in the Soviet Union and election of Reagan in the United States.
B) financial difficulties for both the superpowers and the unbearable expenses of the arms race.
C) peace movements in both countries.
D) the end of the Afghan War.
E) the death of Gorbachev.
Q4) Kosovo
Q5) Under Vladimir Putin's presidency, all of the following occurred except
A) power was centralized in the federal government.
B) Russia ended its war in Chechnya.
C) as many as 40 percent of the population lived in poverty.
D) the economy grew significantly and the government had a budget surplus.
E) the economy significantly depended upon exports of oil and natural gas.
Q6) What major economic challenges have plagued the West during the 1980s, the 1990s, and the early twenty-first century?
Page 25
Q7) Baader-Meinhof gang/Red Army Faction, the Red Brigades, the IRA
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