Introduction to Western Civilization Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Introduction to Western Civilization explores the major historical events, cultural developments, philosophical ideas, and social transformations that have shaped Western society from ancient times to the present. The course examines influential civilizations such as Ancient Greece and Rome, the rise of Christianity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, revolutions, and the formation of modern nation-states. By analyzing key texts, artifacts, and historical movements, students will gain a deeper understanding of the foundations and evolution of Western thought, traditions, and institutions, preparing them to critically engage with contemporary global issues in context.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
2211 Verified Questions
2211 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the sixteenth century, Switzerland
A) was unified under the rule of Maximilian in 1499.
B) was Europe's first unified republic.
C) became Europe's greatest economic power under the Swiss confederation.
D) was the principal source of religious books in all of Europe.
E) was made up of thirteen cantons, under the leadership of wealthy bourgeoisie.
Answer: E
Q2) What was Christian humanism and how did it help prepare the way for the Protestant Reformation? Did Erasmus' works pave the way for Luther's break with Rome and Catholicism? How?
Answer: not answered
Q3) the Edict of Worms
Answer: The Edict of Worms was a decree issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. It declared Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian, a heretic and outlaw, and banned his writings. This edict was a response to Luther's refusal to recant his beliefs and writings, which challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation. The Edict of Worms effectively made Luther an enemy of the state and led to his excommunication from the Catholic Church. Despite this, Luther's ideas continued to spread and had a profound impact on the religious and political landscape of Europe.
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Chapter
1500-1800
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in
A) Spain and Portugal.
B) Florence and Venice.
C) the Byzantine Empire.
D) England and Scotland.
E) France and the Low Countries.
Answer: A
Q2) Before the nineteenth century, which nation(s) or continent was least affected by European power and influence?
A) China and Japan
B) Africa
C) North America
D) South America
E) India
Answer: A
Q3) What role did private investment and initiative play in the development of European imperialism.Give specific examples.
Answer: not answered
Q4) Ptolemy's Geography
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The artistic movement Mannerism reached its peak with the work of A) Fra Angelico.
B) Bernini.
C) Peter Paul Rubens.
D) El Greco.
E) Rembrandt.
Answer: D
Q2) Louis XIV used his palace at Versailles to
A) dominate the nobility and display his grandeur.
B) putter around in the garden and enjoy nature.
C) earn money by centralizing the marketplace.
D) get away from politics and spend time with his family.
E) provide a spiritual sanctuary from a troubled world.
Answer: A
Q3) Influenced by his experiences in Western Europe, upon his return to Russia, Peter the Great ordered that the serfs be emancipated and freed from their boyar lords.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Isaac Newton devoted himself to the occult and to alchemy in particular.
A)True
B)False
Q2) epicycles
Q3) Aristotle
Q4) What relationships existed between scientists and the Church?
Q5) The ideas of Copernicus were
A) radically different from Aristotle's principle of the existence of heavenly spheres.
B) nearly as complicated as those of Ptolemy.
C) were just like the ideas of today.
D) quite consistent with Biblical ideas.
E) similar to those of Ptolemy but different from those of Aristotle.
Q6) The role of women in the Scientific Revolution is illustrated by A) the scientific community's growing acceptance of female members.
B) Maria Merian's breakthrough in astronomy.
C) Margaret Cavendish, who participated in her era's scientific debates.
D) Maria Winkelmann, an entomologist accepted into the Berlin Academy of Sciences.
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E) the exclusion and absence of women from any scientific investigations.
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marie-Therese de Geoffrin
Q2) A major inspiration for travel literature in the eighteenth century were the Pacific Ocean adventures of
A) James Cook.
B) Ferdinand de Lesseps.
C) Zheng He.
D) David Hume.
E) Ferdinand Magellan.
Q3) reason
Q4) The author of The Progress of the Human Mind and who became a victim of the French Revolution was
A) Condorcet.
B) Holbach.
C) Quesnay.
D) Arouet.
E) Danton.
Q5) American Philosophical Society
Q6) Condorcet and Baron d'Holbach
Q7) Addison and Steele's Spectator
Q8) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract and the general will Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) France in the eighteenth century
A) thrived under the strong leadership of Louis XV and Louis XVI.
B) suffered from severe economic depression throughout the century.
C) was torn apart by a series of civil wars.
D) lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt.
E) brought back the Estates General during the reign of Louis XV.
Q2) All of the following contributed to the growth of population in the second half of the eighteenth century except
A) a decline in the death rate.
B) new crops from America such as corn and potatoes.
C) the end of typhus and smallpox.
D) the end of the bubonic plague.
E) an increase in women who married during their child-bearing years.
Q3) At the beginning of the eighteenth century,
A) the old order was under severe attack.
B) the old order still remained strong.
C) republicanism was in ascendant.
D) enlightened absolutism had proved to be a failure.
E) democracy was spreading.
Q4) Maria Theresa
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French
Revolution and Napoleon
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) the Tennis Court Oath
Q2) July 14, 1789
Q3) Bill of Rights
Q4) Prior to the revolution in France, the peasants owned only 10 percent of all land, though they constituted approximately 80 percent of the population.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During the Reign of Terror, the majority of the victims were
A) nobles.
B) clergy.
C) middle class.
D) peasant and laboring classes.
E) the bourgeoisie.
Q6) sans-culottes
Q7) In 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared war on A) the peasantry.
B) counter-revolutionaries.
C) England
D) Austria.
E) monarchies everywhere. Page 10
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) suburbs
Q2) Urbanization in the first half of the nineteenth century
A) was more dramatic for the Continent than Great Britain. B) caused over fifty percent of the Russian population to live in cities by 1850. C) was a phenomenon directly tied to industrialization. D) accounted for widespread poverty in rural areas of Europe. E) reduced the cost of the central governments.
Q3) the Great Famine
Q4) Discus the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers?
Q5) The first Continental nations to completely establish a comprehensive railroad system were
A) France and Italy.
B) Belgium and Germany.
C) Prussia and Poland.
D) Russia and Austria.
E) the Scandinavian countries.
Q6) Robert Owen
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) London Mechanics' Institute
Q2) William Wordsworth
Q3) The American romantic author of The Fall of the House of Usher was
A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Thomas Carlyle.
C) Edgar Allan Poe.
D) Herman Melville.
E) Henry David Thoreau.
Q4) What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain "order" in the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?
Q5) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Q6) Central to the liberal ideology in the nineteenth century was
A) child labor laws.
B) the preservation of law and order.
C) an emphasis on individual freedom.
D) the buildup of a nation's military.
E) the creation of a socialist community.
Q7) John Stuart Mill
Q8) Frankfurt Assembly
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Q9) Louis XVIII and Charles X
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Page 14
Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Italian War of 1859, Piedmont was allied with A) Russia.
B) England.
C) Austria.
D) Prussia.
E) France.
Q2) Ausgleich
Q3) Second German Empire
Q4) First International
Q5) "survival of the fit"
Q6) Richard Wagner and Gesamtkunstwerk
Q7) Crimean War
Q8) Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was
A) the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B) the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C) a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D) the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E) the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.
Q9) Napoleon III Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) sweatshops and "sweating"
Q2) An issue that brought socialists together in the nineteenth century was
A) nationalism.
B) revisionism.
C) the need for military action.
D) the desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers.
E) a fear that Marxism would submerge the socialist alternatives.
Q3) When the Irish representative in Parliament Charles Parnell called for "home rule," what was he requesting?
A) Ireland's complete separation from England.
B) That Ireland rule all of Great Britain
C) That Ireland get its own parliament but remain part of Great Britain.
D) That Ireland and Scotland form their own nation without England.
E) No one knows, as he died of a heart attack partway through his speech.
Q4) The Boulanger Crisis in France had the end result of
A) strengthening the monarchists.
B) rallying French citizens to the cause of the Republic.
C) splitting the support and allegiance of the army.
D) causing the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871.
E) toppling the Third Republic.
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Chapter
1894-1914
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modernism in music included all of the following elements except
A) attraction to the exotic.
B) the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.
C) nationalist themes.
D) folk music.
E) the lure of the primitive.
Q2) the Symbolists
Q3) Fabian Socialists
Q4) The continent of Africa was largely spared from the imperial ambitions of the European nations during the period after 1880, as the West focused instead upon the societies and states of Asia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Boer War was fought by the British in
A) Australia.
B) China.
C) Zimbabwe.
D) Botswana.
E) South Africa.
Q6) Indian National Congress
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Page 19
Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a result of World War I, Eastern Europe
A) experienced little or no real change.
B) fell subject to the new Russian communist state.
C) witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states.
D) quickly overtook western Europe economically.
E) sunk into widespread international anarchy and chaos.
Q2) the Cheka
Q3) "dictated peace"
Q4) Which of the following statements best applies to Nicholas II's tsarist regime?
A) Rasputin, an alleged holy man, ran a very efficient government.
B) Alexandra, Nicholas' wife, kept him isolated from the reality of domestic disturbances.
C) It was patriotically supported by ordinary Russians throughout the war.
D) Many reforms were made to keep the peasants content.
E) Nicholas II was a brilliant and charismatic leader who was betrayed by his military advisors.
Q5) Discuss the effects of World War I on political life, economic affairs, the social classes, and women.
Q6) Who "won" World War I, and what did they "win"?
Q7) Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ernest Rutherford and the atom
Q2) Arnold Schoenberg and atonal music
Q3) Dawes Plan
Q4) Hitler Jugend
Q5) Stakhanov cult
Q6) the Unknown Soldier(s)
Q7) five-year plans
Q8) Squadristi were
A) the closest advisors of Mussolini.
B) armed bands of fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies.
C) elite soldiers of the Fascist state.
D) officers in the Italian military.
E) military opponents of Mussolini.
Q9) the New Deal
Q10) Little Entente
Q11) Carl Jung
Q12) James Joyce's Ulysses and Virginia Woolf's Mrs.Dalloway Page 21
Q13) How were the totalitarian revolutions in the Soviet Union, Italy, and Germany similar? How were they different?
Q14) "degenerate art"
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) panzer divisions
Q2) The turning point of the North African campaign came
A) at El Alamein where the British stopped Rommel in the summer of 1942.
B) when South African troops crossed the Sahara and overwhelmed Rommel.
C) with the revolt of the Vichy French in North Africa.
D) when the Italians joined the Allied cause in 1942.
E) when Cairo and the Suez Canal were recaptured by the British and the Americans.
Q3) President Truman and his advisers chose to use the atomic bombs against Japan because
A) they wanted to scare Joseph Stalin.
B) they wanted to see if the bombs would work.
C) they were bloodthirsty for revenge.
D) they were afraid of losing more Americans in an invasion of Japan.
E) they were unaware of how deadly the bombs would truly be.
Q4) Einsatzgruppen
Q5) appeasement
Q6) Who bears responsibility for the enactment of the "Final Solution"?
Q7) Munich Conference
Q8) Erwin Rommel and the Afrika Corp Page 23
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Page 24
Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Common Market was
A) primarily a military alliance of certain European countries.
B) a forum of European nations founded to solve social problems.
C) founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations.
D) established for cultural reasons to combat American materialism.
E) founded with the intent to include all the nations of Europe, including the Soviet Union, as well as the United States, in the organization.
Q2) Who benefited from the Cold War, and how?
Q3) Korean War
Q4) The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was A) containment.
B) détente.
C) MAD (mutually assured destruction).
D) massive retaliation.
E) all of the above.
Q5) Truman Doctrine
Q6) Martin Luther King and "white backlash"
Q7) Andy Warhol and Pop Art
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World,
1965-1985
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127 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Eurocommunism" was most successful in
A) the Soviet Union.
B) France.
C) Poland.
D) Italy.
E) East Germany.
Q2) The American president who did the most to escalate the U.S.presence in Vietnam was Lyndon Johnson.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Between 1965 and 1985, did new technologies and new scientific discoveries do more to benefit or to harm the planet and its inhabitants?
Q5) "mass sports", football/soccer and the World Cup
Q6) the domino theory
Q7) University of Nanterre, 1968
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western
World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 2000, U.S.presidential elections George W.Bush won both the popular and the electoral votes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "al-Qaeda" means
A) "death to Americans."
B) "holy war."
C) "the base."
D) "God is great."
E) "hide in plain sight."
Q3) Maastricht Treaty
Q4) Chechnya
Q5) Pope Paul II advocated or practiced all of the following except
A) the first non-Italian pope since the sixteenth century.
B) had liberal views on birth control and women in the priesthood.
C) condemned nuclear weapons and war.
D) was a strong believer in social justice.
E) travelled widely.
Q6) Kosovo
Q7) Vaclav Havel
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