Introduction to Western Civilization Exam
Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Western Civilization explores the major social, political, cultural, and intellectual developments that have shaped Western society from ancient times to the early modern era. The course covers key civilizations, including those of Greece and Rome, the influence of Christianity, the formation of European kingdoms, the Renaissance, and the beginnings of the modern world. Through the study of primary sources, historical events, influential thinkers, and significant cultural transformations, students gain an understanding of the ideas, movements, and institutions that have contributed to the identity and values of the Western world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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Page 2
Chapter 1: the Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) Mesopotamia is located in the valley of the
A) Indus River
B) Danube River
C) Tigris and Euphrates rivers
D) Nile River
E) Po River
Answer: C
Q2) The word "Paleolithic" means "old stone."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Originally the Osiris cult was reserved for
A) the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body.
B) priests who knew religious secrets.
C) the poor who lived by the Nile.
D) the pharaohs alone.
E) all free men but no slaves nor serfs.
Answer: A
Q4) Agricultural Revolution
Answer: Not answer
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Chapter 2: the Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires
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Q1) Yahweh
Answer: Yahweh is the personal name of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible. It is often translated as "the Lord" in English translations.
Who? - Yahweh is the God of Israel, as described in the Hebrew Bible.
What? - Yahweh is the name of the God worshipped by the ancient Israelites.
Where? - Yahweh was worshipped by the ancient Israelites in the land of Canaan.
When? - Yahweh has been worshipped by the Israelites since ancient times, and continues to be worshipped by Jews and Christians today.
Why Important? - Yahweh is important to the religious beliefs and practices of Judaism and Christianity. The name Yahweh is considered sacred and is often not spoken aloud by observant Jews. In Christianity, Yahweh is seen as the God of the Old Testament and is often associated with the God of love and mercy.
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Chapter 3: the Civilization of the Greeks
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Q1) Homer's Iliad points out the
A) honor and courage of Greek aristocratic heroes in battle.
B) exalted position of women in Greek society.
C) absolute abhorrence of violence by the Greeks.
D) Greeks' rejection of slavery.
E) superiority of the military phalanx over the aristocratic cavalry.
Answer: A
Q2) The vast majority of scholars do believe that Homer's Iliad has a basis in fact.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Lycurgan reforms resulted in
A) the establishment of a permanent military state in Sparta.
B) more constitutional rights for Spartans.
C) outlawing religion in Sparta.
D) revolt among Spartan slaves.
E) the Peloponnesian War.
Answer: A
Q4) hoplites
Answer: Not answer
Page 5
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Chapter 4: the Hellenistic World
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Q1) Unlike the Epicureans, the Stoics believed that complete withdrawal from the public world of politics and society was necessary in the quest for a passive and unattached life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hellenistic sculpture
A) never portrayed human figures.
B) was influenced by Egyptian standardized forms.
C) followed the idealism of fifth century Greek classicism.
D) abandoned the Greek practice of sculpting female nude figures.
E) was more emotional and realistic than classical Greek sculpture.
Q3) Which class of women achieved the most notable gains during the Hellenistic period?
A) lower class
B) middle class
C) upper class
D) slaves
E) working class
Q4) Hellenistic
Q5) Cleopatra VII
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Chapter 5: the Roman Republic
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Q1) ius civile, ius gentium, and ius naturale
Q2) consuls
Q3) Circus Maximus
Q4) praetors, quaestors, aediles, censors
Q5) fasces
Q6) latifundia
Q7) Romulus and Remus
Q8) The most significant non-Latin influence upon early Rome came from the Etruscans.
A)True
B)False
Q9) Originally the Roman Senate
A) was the chief legislative body of the Republic.
B) could only advise the magistrates in legal matters.
C) was the most important popular assembly.
D) saw its power wane by the third century B.C.E.
E) was the only body with total military authority.
Q10) imperium
Q11) Cincinnatus
Q12) Sulla Page 7
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Chapter 6: the Roman Empire
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Q1) Among Augustus' most important actions in the area of Roman religion was his
A) destruction of the cults of Augustus and Roma.
B) claim to be a god in his own lifetime.
C) creation of an imperial cult.
D) outlawing all traditional female religious festivals.
E) destruction of all of the mystery religions.
Q2) The late third century emperor who reconquered and reestablished order in the east and along the Danube and who was known as the "restorer of the world" was
A) Septimius Severus.
B) Marcus Aurelius.
C) Decius.
D) Aurelian.
E) Diocletian.
Q3) Julius Caesar added more land to the Roman empire than any other emperor in its history.
A)True
B)False
Q4) the Eucharist
Q5) the imperial cult
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Chapter 7: late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World
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Q1) Corpus Iuris Civilis
Q2) Tetrarchy was Diocletian's plan to
A) make Christianity the foundation of the Empire.
B) rebuild the economic foundations of the West.
C) establish an orderly succession to the emperorship.
D) Romanize the Germanic tribes within the Empire.
E) reinvigorate pagan rituals
Q3) Five Pillars of Islam
Q4) caliph
Q5) Saint Augustine wrote that in marriage, men and women should reject celibacy and that sex should be enjoyed without regard for purpose.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Were the societies of the Abbasid and Umayyad caliphates part of Western Civilization, or were they simply influential yet distinct?
Q7) How would you define the term "Late Antiquity" with regard to intellectual, social, and political changes experienced throughout what we now call Europe?
Page 10
Q8) Athanasius
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Chapter 8: european Civilization in the Early Middle Ages,
750-1000
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Q1) Orthodox Christianity
Q2) Alfred the Great
Q3) The Carolingian monks
A) were known for the production of scriptoria, a type of paper.
B) through their copying of manuscripts the works of Latin classical authors were preserved.
C) were best known for their hospitality to travelers.
D) were known for their educational innovations.
E) fought in the armies of Charlemagne and his successors.
Q4) Charlemagne
Q5) Cordoba
Q6) algebra and the astrolabe
Q7) scriptoria
Q8) Hugh Capet
Q9) Manorialism
Page 11
A) marked an end to the fief-holding system of the Early Middle Ages.
B) was an economic system based upon landed estates.
C) brought about a rejuvenated increase in European slavery.
D) devastated the social mobility of the lowest classes in European society.
E) ended with the Viking invasions.
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Chapter 9: the Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages
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Q1) The dominant style of the church architecture in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was
A) Gothic.
B) Baroque.
C) Romanesque.
D) Naturalistic.
E) Graeco-Roman.
Q2) What burdens did medieval female aristocrats have to confront and what freedoms did they enjoy?
Q3) The first university to be founded in Europe appeared in
A) Cambridge.
B) Paris.
C) Oxford.
D) Frankfurt.
E) Bologna.
Q4) craft guilds
Q5) charters of liberty
Page 13
Q6) A German proverb of the medieval period states: "The city air will set you free." What reasons can you give to justify or to refute the accuracy of this proverb for ordinary medieval townspeople?
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Chapter 10: the Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church
Power
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Q1) the Battle of Manzikert
Q2) The church taught that purgatory was
A) a place where the soul was purified through punishment before admission to heaven.
B) a type of hell reserved for the worst sinners.
C) similar to the Greek's concept of an afterlife.
D) a fabulous place where saints dwelled.
E) a heresy.
Q3) Parliament
Q4) John and Magna Carta
Q5) Because of its geographic exposure to constant invasions, the nobles who elected the German kings always chose a strong and capable figure for the throne.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The papacy underwent dramatic reforms and modifications in medieval times. How did this institution change at this time? What powers did it gain? What powers or influence did it lose?
Q7) Saint Francis of Assisi
Q8) Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
15
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Chapter 11: the Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the
Fourteenth Century
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Q1) What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?
A) a blight that struck the wheat crop
B) a lack of knowledge of scientific agriculture
C) droughts throughout most of Europe
D) a little ice age inducing bad weather with heavy rains
E) urban pollution that spread into nearby farming regions.
Q2) What changes occurred in the political life of Italy during the fourteenth century?
Q3) Modern Devotion
Q4) clocks, eyeglasses, and paper
Q5) pneumonic plague
Q6) The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by
A) drafting the rebels into the army.
B) standing back and letting it run its course.
C) negotiating a settlement with its leaders.
D) massacring the participants.
E) renouncing their historic privileges.
Q7) the longbow
Q8) Statute of Laborers
Q9) the Jacquerie Page 16
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Chapter 12: recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance
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Q1) Jan van Eyck
Q2) The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was A) Ali.
B) Murad III.
C) Lazar I.
D) Mehmet II.
E) Ibrahim Pasha.
Q3) Machiavelli's The Prince
Q4) "liberal studies"
Q5) Ivan III
Q6) The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of
A) an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals.
B) a mass movement in which all sections of society participated and contributed.
C) a narrow religious movement directed almost entirely by clerics.
D) a political movement in essence controlled mainly by kings.
E) foreign inspiration and influence, particularly from Islamic Spain.
Q7) Isabella d'Este
Q8) Petrarch Page 18
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Page 19
Chapter 13: reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) The Anabaptists
A) opposed the practice of baptism.
B) were not regarded as a political threat as they preached separation between church and state.
C) were founded by Conrad Grebel, beginning as an elitist movement.
D) advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism.
E) peacefully merged with the Calvinists and Lutherans.
Q2) Pope Clement VII
Q3) Ninety-Five Theses
Q4) The Jesuit missionary who propagated Christianity in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan, and who died just before reaching China was
A) Ignatius Loyola.
B) Thomas More.
C) Matteo Ricci.
D) Francis Xavier.
E) Dominic Guzman.
Q5) Compare and contrast the chief ideas of Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, and Lutheranism. What did they have in common? How were they different?
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Chapter 14: europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800
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Q1) Robert Clive
Q2) Spice Islands
Q3) Discuss the Columbian exchange. What was "exchanged" and who gained the most?
Q4) The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was
A) Bartholomeu Dias.
B) Ferdinand Magellan.
C) Francis Drake.
D) Vasco da Gama.
E) Amerigo Vespucci
Q5) The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal was
A) Venice.
B) England.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) the Dutch Republic.
Q6) Prester John
Q7) the Columbian Exchange
Q8) Compare mercantilism to capitalism.
Q9) mercantilism Page 21
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Chapter 15: state Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) Bill of Rights
Q2) The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn was noted for
A) his formation of the French Academy of Painting and Sculptors.
B) reflecting the values of the Dutch aristocracy in his works.
C) being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century.
D) rejecting the Dutch preoccupation with realism for the Baroque style of French classicism.
E) his moody paintings of elongated religious figures.
Q3) "divine right"
Q4) The first female painter admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in Haarlem and who painted scenes of everyday life was
A) Artemisia Gentileschi.
B) Judith Holofernes.
C) Mary L'Orange.
D) Judith Leyster.
E) none of the above
Q5) Bernini and Gentileschi
Q6) Gustavus Adolphus
Q7) Levellers
Q8) Mannerism and El Greco Page 23
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Q1) Johannes Kepler
Q2) Galen
Q3) Pensees
Q4) For Blaise Pascal, humans
A) could know infinity through reason.
B) were the summation of all things.
C) could only understand that which is revealed to them by the Bible.
D) were uniquely separate from the rest of the animal world.
E) could not understand infinity, only God could.
Q5) the Inquisition
Q6) The Starry Messenger
Q7) Scholars devoted to Hermeticism
A) believed that the world was a very recent creation still imperfect.
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature.
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature.
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic.
E) a and d
Q8) heliocentric universe Page 25
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Chapter 17: the Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Emile
Q2) Isaac Newton was influential on the eighteenth century Enlightenment because of his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The French philosophes mostly included people from A) the nobility and the middle class.
B) the lower class and the lower middle class.
C) aristocracy and nobility.
D) urban artisans and craftsmen.
E) the universities.
Q4) Physiocrats
Q5) In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant, A) declined in numbers and influence.
B) still played a major role in social and spiritual areas.
C) was responsible for the dramatic role in literary.
D) had not changed much in two centuries.
E) were legally separated from any state or government connections.
Q6) Balthasar Neumann
Q7) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract and the general will Page 27
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Chapter 18: the Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) By the eighteenth century, the Dutch Republic
A) established a system of male democracy.
B) saw the power of the oligarchy considerably reduced.
C) continued its great economic prosperity of the sixteenth century.
D) suffered a decline in economic prosperity.
E) permanently expelled the House of Orange.
Q2) Robert Walpole
Q3) the Hanoverians/the Georges
Q4) A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century was
A) Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest.
B) a lower total amount of British government debt.
C) a strong policy against state borrowing of any kind in Britain.
D) no real curbs on state borrowing in France.
E) the abolishment of the Bank of England's influence in economic matters.
Q5) "reason of state"
Q6) Why did the governments of Europe go in such radically different directions during the eighteenth century, particularly when comparing east to west?
Page 29
Q7) Richard Arkwright's "water-frame"
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Chapter 19: a Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French
Revolution and Napoleon
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Q1) The Third Estate was composed of all of the following except A) shopkeepers.
B) peasants.
C) the unemployed.
D) skilled craftsmen.
E) the clergy.
Q2) What group emerged as the most important radical element in French politics, at the beginning of the French Revolution?
A) Bonapartists
B) Papists
C) Communards
D) Loyalists
E) Jacobins
Q3) First Consul and Emperor
Q4) fraternite
Q5) Napoleon said that perhaps the world would have been better off if neither he nor Rousseau had ever lived. What did he mean?
Q6) French Parlements
Q7) Paris Commune
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Chapter 20: the Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) The British government played a significant role in Britain's industrialization by providing subsidies for most industries and funding a transportation network of canals and railroads.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compared to Britain, American industrialization was a capital-intensive endeavor because
A) Britain had more unskilled laborers.
B) there was a skilled labor surplus in the U.S.
C) there was a skilled labor surplus in Britain.
D) there was a larger pool of unskilled laborers in the U.S.
E) there was a labor surplus in the U.S.
Q3) industrial factory
Q4) Henry Cort
Q5) Samuel Crompton's mule
Q6) How are changes in population growth and the development of urbanization related to the Industrial Revolution?
Q7) cotton industry
Q8) Robert Owen
Page 31
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Chapter 21: reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) France's representative at the Congress of Vienna was
A) Castlereigh.
B) Genet.
C) Rousseau.
D) Talleyrand.
E) Metternich.
Q2) By 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, the Italian peninsula
A) was entirely unified as a single country.
B) remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C) had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D) had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress. E) sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.
Q3) Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron
Q4) utopian socialism
Q5) The initially successful Revolutions of 1848 ultimately failed because the revolutionaries were divided by political aims and nationalistic aspirations.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: an Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) The Crimean War was caused primarily by the Ottoman Empire's attempt to destroy the Christian holy places in Jerusalem and Palestine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Florence Nightingale
Q3) Among the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867 was
A) the outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain.
B) a large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of Liberal and Conservative political parties.
C) the emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries inspired by extension of the vote to British women.
D) the freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates.
E) the incorporation of India into the British Empire.
Q4) The Russian group People's Will
A) was the nickname for zemstvos.
B) was the nickname for the Tsar's secret police.
C) assassinated Tsar Alexander II.
D) tried, but failed, to assassinated Tsar Alexander II.
E) was a popular children's theater in Moscow.
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Chapter 23: mass Society in an "Age of Progress," 1871-1894
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Q1) Marxist "revisionism"
Q2) Boy Scouts
Q3) Which of the following was a major development in British politics before 1914?
A) the continual growth of political democracy
B) the peaceful and successful settlement of the "Irish question"
C) the transformation of the Fabians into the Conservatives
D) the reduction of the power of the House of Commons
E) the strengthening of the monarchy after the death of Queen Victoria
Q4) The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except A) the landed aristocracy.
B) the professional classes, including lawyers, doctors, an engineers.
C) the upper middle classes.
D) wealthy upper middle classes.
E) industrial plutocrats
Q5) Thomas Cook
Q6) Second Industrial Revolution
Q7) To what extent did the emergence and development of socialist parties and trade unions meet the needs of the working classes between 1871 and the end of the century?
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Chapter
24: an Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and
1894-1914
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Q1) the Pankhursts and the "suffragettes"
Q2) Triple Alliance
Q3) Boer War
Q4) Pablo Picasso was instrumental in the development of Cubism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) By the end of the nineteenth century, the United States had become the world's third richest nation and greatest industrial power, behind Great Britain and Imperial Germany.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In 1905, who published "The Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies"?
A) Tesla
B) Einstein
C) Planck
D) Curie
E) Carver
Q7) Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh
Q8) Congress of Berlin
Q9) Albert Einstein's E=mc² Page 36
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Chapter
25: the Beginning of the Twentieth-century Crisis: War and Revolution
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Q1) Ireland's Easter Rebellion
Q2) The German High Command supported Lenin in his attempts to sow chaos in Russia in early 1917.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Was World War I the end of an era or simply a continuation? Explain.
Q4) Leon Trotsky
Q5) In World War I, the Turkish Ottoman Empire fought on the side of A) Egypt and Iraq.
B) Russia.
C) Italy.
D) France and Britain.
E) Austria and Germany.
Q6) After World War I, the United States Senate voted to A) forgive the war loans to England and France.
B) renounce the Versailles Treaty that Wilson had negotiated.
C) join and actively participate in the League of Nations.
D) occupy northern Mexico in retaliation for the Zimmerman Telegram.
E) form a military alliance with England, France, and Russia.
Q7) Sarajevo Page 38
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Chapter 26: the Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Q1) The institutional framework of Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship
A) lacked a secret police force.
B) included highly popular and well attended Fascists youth organizations.
C) was primarily aimed at aiding the workers and peasants.
D) never created the degree of totalitarian control found in Russia and Germany in the 1930s.
E) was the most successful of the authoritarian states that appeared in Europe in the interwar years.
Q2) Hitler Jugend
Q3) A major cause of the Great Depression in Europe was
A) European governments were too involved in their own economies.
B) the recall of American loans from European markets.
C) the underproduction and high prices of agricultural goods in eastern and central Europe.
D) the inability of the League of Nations to set complementary economic policies in different global markets.
E) Weimar Germany's high tariff policies that prohibited trade with other nations.
Q4) "socialist realism"
Q5) Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory
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Chapter 27: the Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Q1) Hitler's plan for defeating Britain relied on
A) the support of Soviet troops in a massive amphibious invasion.
B) Germany's Luftwaffe gaining control of the skies.
C) V-2 rockets to destroy British industrial power.
D) a giant tunnel, the "chunnel", under the English channel.
E) the support of Irish fifth-columnists.
Q2) An important issue at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences was
A) to implement a plan to break up Germany into several smaller states.
B) the spheres of influence after the war was over.
C) whether or not to use the atomic bomb on Germany.
D) the timing of when to launch the second front.
E) to arrange for the trial of Adolph Hitler, who would be charged with "crimes against humanity."
Q3) How do you account for the early successes of the Germans from 1939 to 1941? To what degree did Blitzkrieg play a role in these successes?
Q4) Luftwaffe
Q5) "The outcome of World War II guaranteed that a "cold war" would occur. Discuss, pro and con.
Q6) the Blitz
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Chapter 28: cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6955
Sample Questions
Q1) Stalinization and deStalinization
Q2) Who benefited from the Cold War, and how?
Q3) apartheid
Q4) Korean War
Q5) The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was
A) containment.
B) détente.
C) MAD (mutually assured destruction).
D) massive retaliation.
E) all of the above.
Q6) uhuru
Q7) Martin Luther King and "white backlash"
Q8) At the close of World War II, who inherited the European tradition of power politics?
A) China and the Soviet Union
B) independent peoples everywhere
C) the Soviet Union and the United States
D) the United States alone
E) nobody because nothing changed
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Chapter 29: protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6956
Sample Questions
Q1) "Small" wars like the ones in Vietnam and Afghanistan demonstrated that A) the superpowers could never be at peace.
B) there would always be sphere of influence in the world where the superpowers would be at conflict.
C) there would be wars that the superpowers could not win against a strong nationalist and guerrilla-type opposition.
D) warfare in the world would be incessant.
E) there could never be a military conflict between the superpowers.
Q2) "equivalence"
Q3) Watergate
Q4) Helsinki Agreements, 1975
Q5) The doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s is known as A) containment.
B) détente.
C) mutually assured destruction (MAD).
D) Star Wars.
E) the domino theory.
Q6) Margaret Thatcher/the "Iron Lady" and Thatcherism
Q7) Willy Brandt and Ostpolitik
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Q8) the "four olds" and "permanent revolution" and the Red Guards
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Chapter 30: after the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
(Since 1985)
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6957
Sample Questions
Q1) Boris Yeltsin
Q2) Office of Homeland Security
Q3) fall of the Berlin Wall
Q4) Bosnia
Q5) Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
Q6) How and why did the Cold War end? Did anyone "win" this conflict? Who? Why?
Q7) perestroika and glasnost
Q8) Saddam Hussein and weapons of mass destruction
Q9) Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
Q10) The reunification of Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall led to the immediate emergence of considerable prosperity in the former Eastern Germany.
A)True
B)False
Q11) Vladimir Putin
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Q12) What major economic challenges have plagued the West during the 1980s, the 1990s, and the early twenty-first century?
Q14) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Q15) Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front and Jorg Haider's Freedom Party
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