Introduction to US History Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Introduction to US History offers a comprehensive overview of the major events, people, and movements that have shaped the United States from its colonial origins to modern times. The course explores critical themes such as the founding of the nation, the development of political and economic systems, social and cultural transformations, westward expansion, civil rights struggles, and the evolving role of the US on the global stage. Through the examination of primary sources, significant historical debates, and diverse perspectives, students gain a deeper understanding of how historical events have influenced contemporary American society.
Recommended Textbook
The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy
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Chapter 1: New World Beginnings
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Q1) sub-Saharan Africa
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the African continent that lies south of the Sahara Desert. It is historically significant for several reasons. First, it is the birthplace of humankind, with some of the oldest known fossils of early human ancestors being found in this region. Second, it was the site of several ancient civilizations, including the Kingdom of Kush, the Mali Empire, and the Great Zimbabwe, which were influential in trade, culture, and politics. Additionally, the transatlantic slave trade had a profound impact on the region, leading to the forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas. In more recent history, the struggle for independence from colonial rule and the challenges of post-colonial nation-building have shaped the region's political and social landscape. Today, sub-Saharan Africa continues to be a diverse and dynamic region with a rich cultural heritage and significant economic potential.
Q2) What was Bartolome de Las Casas' relationship to the encomienda system?
A) He designed and implemented it.
B) He considered it the lynchpin of capitalism.
C) He considered it immoral and protested it.
D) He performed marriages between Spanish explorers and enslaved native women.
E) He convinced Moctezuma to provide slaves to Spanish settlements.
Answer: C
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Q1) The English colonists in the Americas introduced their own local form of representative government with
A) Virginia's House of Burgesses.
B) the Mayflower Compact.
C) the Virginia joint-stock company.
D) the revocation of the Virginia charter by King James I.
E) the peace treaty following the Second Anglo-Powhatan War of 1644.
Answer: A
Q2) Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons except A) its unhealthy climate.
B) early restrictions on black slavery.
C) Spanish attacks.
D) John Oglethorpe's leadership.
E) lack of a plantation economy.
Answer: D
Q3) Roanoke Island
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) "starving time"
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700
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Q1) Michael Wigglesworth
Answer: Michael Wigglesworth was a Puritan minister and poet who lived in the 17th century. He is best known for his poem "The Day of Doom," which was one of the most popular and widely read poems in colonial America. The poem was a vivid and terrifying depiction of the Day of Judgment and the fate of sinners, and it was used as a tool for religious instruction and conversion.
Wigglesworth's work is significant in the historical context of Puritanism in early America. "The Day of Doom" reflects the intense religious fervor and the emphasis on sin and salvation that characterized the Puritan worldview. It also provides insight into the religious and cultural climate of the time, as well as the methods used by Puritan ministers to convey their message to the community.
Overall, Michael Wigglesworth's "The Day of Doom" is an important literary and historical work that sheds light on the religious beliefs and practices of early American settlers and their impact on society.
Q2) "Bible Commonwealth"
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter
Century,1607-1692
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Q1) Which statement about slavery is FALSE?
A) The Royal African Company held a monopoly on the colonial slave trade for nearly a century.
B) Early slaves were able to gain their freedom.
C) Some former slaves became slave owners.
D) After their capture in Africa, most slaves were branded before being shipped off for sale.
E) By 1680, slaves outnumbered indentured white servants as new arrivals to colonial plantations.
Q2) The majority of African slaves coming to the New World
A) went to English North America.
B) arrived in the West Indies and South America.
C) came to New England.
D) were brought by the Dutch.
E) died before reaching their destination.
Q3) headright system
Q4) Chesapeake
Q5) "freedom dues"
Q6) slave codes
Q7) hierarchy
Page 6
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Chapter
Revolution,1700-1775
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Q1) Phillis Wheatley
Q2) The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was
A) iron making.
B) arms and munitions production.
C) lumbering.
D) rum distilling.
E) textiles.
Q3) lotteries
Q4) Describe how a uniquely African American culture formed in the southern colonies and what its distinguishing features were.
Q5) How did the presence of so many non-English (Scottish and Irish)and non-British (German,Dutch,French,African,and so forth)settlers affect the character of Britain's North American colonies? What were its particular effects on politics,culture,religion,and social structure?
Q6) New York slave revolt
Q7) power of the purse
Q8) "praying towns"
Q9) new lights Page 8
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Q1) How did British officers´ attitudes toward American militiamen during the French and Indian War shape postwar relations between the colonies and Britain?
A) Colonial militiamen, impressed with the seeming invincibility of the British regulars, encouraged fellow colonists to be more deferential to British authority.
B) British officers roundly praised the skillful fighting ability of colonial troops, encouraging warmer relations between colonists and the British authorities.
C) British officers were distressed by the militiamen´s closeness with the Indians, leaving a lasting residue of mutual suspicion.
D) The colonists took British officers´ criticisms to heart and lost confidence in their own military capability, delaying an armed movement for colonial independence.
E) The contemptuous and snobbery of British officers towards the colonial "amateurs" rankled America´s militia forces, inspiring ill feelings among the colonists towards the British after the war.
Q2) George Washington
Q3) guerrilla warfare
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Q1) Which colony did NOT participate in the First Continental Congress?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Rhode Island
D) Georgia
E) Virginia
Q2) What advantage did the colonists have as the Revolutionary War began?
A) Highly reliable and well-supplied troops
B) Potential aid from the Armed Neutrality League
C) A well-organized, strongly committed, and united population
D) Many outstanding political and military leaders
E) A sound economy and financial system
Q3) Why did the British Parliament pass the Stamp Act?
A) To raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense
B) To enable the British government to cut taxes at home
C) To impose tighter control on documents printed in America
D) To provide subsidies for British and American merchants
E) To provide funds for developing an American postal system
Q4) Admiralty Courts
Q5) Declaratory Act
11
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Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire,1775-1783
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Q1) Horatio Gates
Q2) The Declaration of Independence did NOT
A) invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt.
B) provide a long list of allegedly tyrannical actions by King George III.
C) explain the reasons for revolt to "a candid world."
D) blame the British Parliament and public for oppressing Americans.
E) charge the king with inciting Indian hostility.
Q3) The American military alliance with France
A) became a permanent source of strength to both countries.
B) was based on shared revolutionary ideals.
C) forced Britain into a worldwide struggle for its life.
D) contained provisions that permitted either party to escape the commitment.
E) was less important to American success than the popular militia.
Q4) Joseph Brant
Q5) What was significant about the Battle of Charleston in 1780?
A) The American suffered their worst losses of the war.
B) The British retreated from the battle all but doomed to defeat.
C) French naval support proved nearly useless to the Americans.
D) It was the final, decisive battle of the war.
E) It resulted in the freeing of many slaves.
Page 12
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Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790
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Q1) quorum
Q2) Which group was NOT generally among the antifederalists?
A) The well educated
B) States' rights supporters
C) Backcountry dwellers
D) Paper money advocates
E) Debtors
Q3) Which group regarded Shay's Rebellion as a sign that the Revolution had created "mobocracy" rather than democracy?
A) Southern slaveowners
B) Conservative, propertied Americans
C) Revolutionary War veterans in debt
D) proponents of pure democracy
E) authors of the Anti-Federalist
Q4) anarchy
Q5) Protestant Episcopal Church
Q6) Samuel Adams
Q7) John Jay
Q8) Pennsylvania State House Page 13
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800
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Q1) nullification
Q2) George Washington
Q3) Even though Alexander Hamilton was a more dominant personality and assertive administrator than Thomas Jefferson,Americans commonly speak of ours as a "Jeffersonian democracy" rather than a "Hamiltonian republic." Why did the principles and ideals of Jefferson somehow become more deeply ingrained in American political culture and society than Hamilton's? Are Jefferson's ideals still as appealing today,even if his particular policies are no longer adhered to?
Q4) Which statement about Hamilton´s plan for a Bank of the United States is FALSE?
A) It would be a private institution with the government as its major stockholder.
B) It would print an urgently needed and sound paper currency.
C) It would facilitate the federal government´s assumption of state debts.
D) It would serve as a depository for federal funds.
E) It would stimulate business by keeping currency in circulation.
Q5) Why did the French Revolution create such fierce passions and deep divisions among Americans? How did attitudes toward the French Revolution,and France,line up with domestic political divisions between Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans?
Q6) Convention of 1800
Page 15
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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812
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Q1) Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his support from A) the South and West.
B) the middle Atlantic states.
C) the cities.
D) the upper classes.
E) the states of New England.
Q2) James Monroe
Q3) Santo Domingo
Q4) Thomas Jefferson sent two envoys to France in 1803 with the initial goal of
A) preventing Napoleon from handing Louisiana back to Spain.
B) purchasing as much territory west of the Mississippi as they could get.
C) preventing Napoleon from fortifying New Orleans and St. Louis.
D) bribing the French foreign ministry into permitting Americans to deposit grain in New Orleans.
E) purchasing New Orleans to make it secure for American shippers.
Q5) Battle of the Thames
Q6) John Marshall
Q7) Marbury v.Madison
Q8) Sally Hemings
Page 16
Q9) Shawnees
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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism,1812-1824
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Q1) War of 1812
Q2) panic of 1819
Q3) As a result of the pre-war embargo and the war itself,manufacturing in America had
A) suffered badly.
B) stagnated.
C) mushroomed.
D) produced the "American System" of innovative factory design.
E) angered consumers with goods of inferior quality.
Q4) In 1823,British foreign minister George Canning asked the United States
A) to hand over Oregon.
B) to resume its cotton exports to England.
C) to return Florida to Spain.
D) to join Britain in warning European monarchs from trying to take over the new Latin American republics.
E) to void the Jay Treaty.
Q5) What distinguished the "Era of Good Feelings" in the history of the early American republic? Why do the text´s authors write,that "In James Monroe,the man and the times auspiciously met"?
Q6) Era of Good Feelings
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840
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Q1) corrupt bargain
Q2) Who emerged completely victorious from the nullification crisis of 1833?
A) The state of South Carolina
B) President Andrew Jackson
C) John C. Calhoun and states' rights advocates
D) Neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers
E) New England manufacturing interests
Q3) Nullification Crisis
Q4) Who was among the U.S.soldiers fighting against the Indians in the Black Hawk War?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Robert E. Lee
D) John Tyler
E) William Henry Harrison
Q5) panic of 1837
Q6) Bank of the United States
Q7) What about Andrew Jackson appealed so deeply to the common man and made him the "Old Hero" of the new democratic age? How did both his strengths and his flaws reflect his deep connection with ordinary Americans?
Page 19
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Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy,1790-1860
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Questions
Q1) Consider the Industrial Revolution,the transportation revolution,and the market revolution.Were any of these developments truly revolutionary? Why or why not?
Q2) Early railroad-building was hindered somewhat by
A) safety issues and opposition from canal backers.
B) disinterest and geographical barriers.
C) Indian attacks.
D) fierce political opposition in the North.
E) lack of necessary technological skill and materials.
Q3) Carl Schurz
Q4) In the new continental economy,each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South ____ for export;the West grew grains and livestock to feed ____;and the East ____ for the other two regions.
A) raised grain, southern slaves, processed meat
B) grew cotton, southern slaves, made machines and textiles
C) grew cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles
D) raised grain, eastern factory workers, made furniture and tools
E) processed meat, southern slaves, raised grain
Q5) Ancient Order of Hibernians
Q6) "Self-Reliance"
Page 20
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860
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Q1) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Q2) The Second Great Awakening tended to
A) promote religious diversity.
B) reduce social class differences.
C) blur regional differences.
D) discourage church membership.
E) weaken women's social position.
Q3) lyceum
Q4) Henry David Thoreau
Q5) Maine Law of 1851
Q6) transcendentalism
Q7) As a revivalist preacher,Charles Grandison Finney advocated
A) opposition to slavery.
B) non-traditional marriage.
C) building a utopia in the West.
D) less involvement of women in religion.
E) a fatalistic approach to one´s lot in life.
Q8) Hudson River School
Q9) Susan B.Anthony
Q10) Shakers Page 21
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery
Controversy,1793-1860
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Q1) Some have argued that slavery in the southern United States,unlike that in some other countries,was characterized more by an attitude of "paternalism" than by raw exploitation and frequent violence (as was common in some slave countries).What arguments are there for this perspective? What criticisms would you make of such an argument?
Q2) John Quincy Adams
Q3) Based on "Varying Viewpoints," discuss how new perspectives,including women's history,have altered the understanding of actual human relationships under slavery.
Q4) What were the benefits and costs of the cotton plantation system for the pre-Civil War South?
Q5) In 1860,three-quarters of the white population of the South were
A) planter aristocrats.
B) small slaveowners.
C) urban mill workers.
D) European immigrants.
E) non-slaveowning subsistence farmers.
Q6) Cotton Kingdom
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Q7) Explain why the "Gag Resolution" symbolized the threat that slavery constituted for all Americans,North and South.
Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848
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Q1) Arrange the following in chronological order: (A)Bear Flag revolt,(B)Slidell mission rejected,(C)declaration of war on Mexico,(D)American troops ordered to the Rio Grande Valley.
A) B, D, C, A
B) A, C, B, D
C) D, B, A, C
D) C, A, D, B
E) A, D, C, B
Q2) The Mexican War resulted in
A) a tripling of the territorial size of the United States.
B) combat experience for those who would lead the armies in the Civil War.
C) an embarrassing show of America´s poor naval capabilities.
D) friendlier relations between the United States and Latin American nations.
E) a temporary lull in sectional tensions over slavery.
Q3) President John Tyler vetoed the Whig Congress's legislation to
A) end the independent treasury system.
B) create a second Bank of the United States.
C) distribute public land sales revenue to the states.
D) annex Texas.
E) solve the Maine boundary dispute.
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854
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Q1) Do you think that by the end of 1854 the two sections had reached an impasse and that Civil War was inevitable sooner or later? Why or why not?
Q2) Harriet Tubman gained fame
A) by helping slaves to escape to Canada.
B) in the gold fields of California.
C) as an African American antislavery novelist.
D) as a public opponent of the Fugitive Slave Law.
E) by urging white women to oppose slavery.
Q3) The authors describe the Kansas-Nebraska Act as the "curtain raiser to a terrible drama" and "one of the most momentous measures ever to pass Congress." Of all the compromises and conflicts over slavery since 1789,why was this one piece of legislation so significant?
Q4) popular sovereignty
Q5) During the 1850s,slaves gained their freedom most frequently by A) running away.
B) being emancipated in their masters' wills.
C) rebellion.
D) appeal to the courts.
E) self-purchase or voluntary emancipation.
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861
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Q1) free homesteads
Q2) As a result of the panic of 1857,the South
A) became more economically dependent on the North.
B) became hostile to Wall Street and the stock market.
C) believed that it was economically superior to the North.
D) began planning for an independent southern nation.
E) saw the need to develop manufacturing.
Q3) In his raid on Harpers Ferry,John Brown intended to
A) call upon the slaves to rebel and establish a kind of black free state.
B) arouse the South to secede from the Union.
C) stir West Virginia to break away from Virginia as a free state.
D) demonstrate that blacks could fight for their freedom.
E) seize weapons to start a guerilla war against the federal government.
Q4) Lecompton Constitution
Q5) Roger B.Taney
Q6) John Bell
Q7) Preston S.Brooks
Q8) Harriet Beecher Stowe
Page 26
Q9) What were the implications of the Dred Scott decision for the concept of popular sovereignty,African American rights,and the future of slavery in America?
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South,1861-1865
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Q1) Northern advantages at the outset of the Civil War included
A) strong morale based on the aims of self-determination and self-preservation.
B) more banks, factories, railroads, and people.
C) an experienced president.
D) a young male population prepared for military service.
E) better military leadership.
Q2) In 1861,many Northerners were willing to let the Southern states leave the Union until A) the Confederates began burning the American flag.
B) the South attacked Fort Sumter.
C) Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation's army.
D) South Carolina seceded from the United States.
E) Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states.
Q3) West Virginia
Q4) In what ways did President Lincoln exceed his constitutional authority during the Civil War? Were his actions justified?
Q5) Trent affair
Q6) Elizabeth Blackwell
Q7) Fort Sumter
Q8) Laird rams
Page 28
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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865
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Q1) The Union army's success in capturing ____ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.
A) Gettysburg and Harrisburg
B) Richmond and Appomattox
C) Vicksburg and Port Hudson
D) Charleston and Columbia, South Carolina
E) Mobile and Atlanta
Q2) After the Peninsula Campaign,the Union´s adoption of a total-war strategy included
A) emancipating slaves in the Border States and enlisting them.
B) rudimentary biological warfare.
C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline.
D) assassinating Confederate president Jefferson Davis.
E) striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.
Q3) William Tecumseh Sherman
Q4) George Pickett
Q5) siege of Vicksburg
Q6) George G.Meade
Q7) Robert E.Lee
Q8) Battle of Gettysburg
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Q1) From 1878 to 1880,some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana,Texas,and Mississippi
A) moved North to work in industry.
B) immigrated to Africa.
C) migrated to the Caribbean.
D) moved into Kansas and formed communities there.
E) joined the Union Army to fight Plains Indians in the West.
Q2) In the postwar South
A) the economy and social structure were utterly devastated.
B) there was a turn from agriculture to industry.
C) northern investors were eager to develop the region.
D) there was a trained labor force ready to work.
E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.
Q3) Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because
A) they gave black women but not white women the right to vote.
B) they failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
C) contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists.
D) failed to define what constituted equal national citizenship.
E) they gave equal rights to African American males but not to women.
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