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This course provides an in-depth overview of the Australian Health Care System, examining its structure, key stakeholders, funding mechanisms, policy frameworks, and service delivery models. Students will gain an understanding of the roles of federal, state, and local governments in health care administration, as well as the operation of Medicare, private health insurance, and community health services. The course also explores contemporary challenges, such as population ageing, health inequalities, Indigenous health, and the integration of emerging technologies. Through case studies and analysis, students will develop the skills needed to critique health policies and understand the complexities of providing effective, equitable health care in Australia.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding the Australian Health Care System 3rd Edition by Eileen Willis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
27 Chapters
282 Verified Questions
282 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2291 Page 2
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45513
Sample Questions
Q1) Medical dominance is defined as:
A)a license to practise provided by an authority
B)a strong basis in the science of medicine
C)the power medicine has to determine the work of other health professions such as nursing and allied health
D)a strong service ethic,scientific training,and autonomy of practice
Answer: C
Q2) The purpose of interprofessional practice is to deal with:
A)interprofessional education
B)issues of acute-care length of stay
C)issues of efficiency and productivity
D)the fragmentation of how health professionals work,particularly for those patients with chronic conditions
Answer: D
Q3) Freidson argued that professions were characterised by:
A)a license to practise provided by an authority
B)a strong basis in science
C)a capacity to influence government policy
D)a strong service ethic,scientific training,and autonomy of practice
Answer: D

Page 3
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Sample Questions
Q1) Activity-based funding is where:
A)public hospital doctors are funded for each service they deliver
B)patients pay for their health care
C)public hospitals are funded for each service they deliver
D)public hospitals are funded on a population basis
Answer: C
Q2) What percentage of Medicare services were bulk-billed in 2013-2014?
A)68.6%
B)77.2%
C)52.74%
D)81.2%
Answer: B
Q3) Elective surgery is classified as:
A)surgery that is not medically necessary
B)surgery that is not medically required in the next 7 days
C)surgery that is not medically required in the next 30 days
D)surgery that is not medically required in the next 24 hours
Answer: D
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45515
Sample Questions
Q1) Is it possible for privately insured patients to use the public hospital system?
A)No;privately insured patients can only use private hospitals and facilities
B)No;privately insured patients cannot use public hospitals as this is preventing public patients from doing so
C)Yes;privately insured patients must declare their private health insurance status and are personally responsible for any financial discrepancies in charges between private and public health services
D)Yes;privately insured patients can choose to be a private patient in a public hospital,or can choose not to declare their private health insurance status
Answer: D
Q2) Religious orders were responsible for the founding of which of the following?
A)Public hospitals
B)Private hospitals
C)Bush nursing hospitals
D)Large public hospitals in major cities and some private hospitals
Answer: D
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15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45516
Sample Questions
Q1) While health policy is important to system reform,leadership is also key - what approach has been suggested as being important for leadership in health?
A)A collective approach rather than command and control
B)A command and control type of leadership
C)Leaders who are charismatic in their approach
D)The need to recruit born leaders into health care
Q2) The building blocks of a health system include:
A)service delivery and workforce
B)information and interventions (i.e.medical products and technologies)
C)health financing,leadership and governance
D)all of the above
Q3) In Australia,health practitioners are funded:
A)on a contract basis
B)on a fee-for-service basis
C)on a mix of the above
D)none of the above
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Sample Questions
Q1) What document or legislation sets out the requirements for individuals,organisations,and governments and their agencies for the control of infectious diseases,the control of a range of risks to public health,and measures that must be taken to promote and protect health?
A)Public Health Mandate
B)Public Health Act
C)Public Health Strategy
D)Public Health Policy
Q2) What percentage of the Commonwealth allocation from the health budget does public health receive?
A)Public health receives almost all of this health budget allocation (approximately 92%)
B)Public health receives about half of the health budget allocation (approximately 52%)
C)Public health receives about one-third of the health budget allocation (approximately 32%)
D)Public health receives a very small percentage of the health budget allocation (approximately 2%)
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes primary prevention?
A)Timely treatment to prevent the exacerbation or complication of disease or illness
B)The provision of housing,social support and safe environments
C)It includes screening and brief,opportunistic health education interventions
D)Rehabilitation to restore health to the optimum possible state for that person
Q2) An international conference on public health care that took place in 1978 was articulated in a document that still guides primary health care.This document is called the:
A)Public Health Mandate
B)Social Health Directive
C)Public Health Care Declaration
D)Declaration of Alma-Ata
Q3) Australia is a relatively rich country,and therefore there is little need for comprehensive primary health care programs.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Which group is defined as allied health professionals?
A)Physiotherapists,dietitians,social workers,psychologists,occupational therapists
B)Gynaecological oncologists,paediatricians,psychiatrists,medical scientists
C)nurses,midwives,nursing assistants
D)General practitioners,practice nurses,nurse practitioners
Q2) The process of accreditation of health professions is handled by:
A)the AHPRA
B)universities and TAFE colleges in each state
C)the relevant professional association such as the ANMAC
D)the relevant professional association and the medical profession
Q3) The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)defines the health care workforce as:
A)all those who work in the health care industry,including volunteers
B)professionals who work in the public,private and complementary health systems
C)only those who are accredited health professionals
D)only those who are registered through the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
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Q1) The purpose of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)is:
A)the dispensing of cheap prescriptions by local pharmacies for use by patients at home
B)an insurance scheme that covers the cost of medicines
C)to provide patients with medicines when they are discharged home from hospital
D)part of the Australian government's National Medicines Policy to provide safe,quality medicines in a timely and affordable manner
Q2) An important feature of the PBS is that:
A)it is free for all Australians irrespective of what welfare benefit they receive
B)all Australians contribute to the scheme through general taxation
C)the scheme remains uncapped as the government is not obliged to implement advice it receives from the PBAC
D)it remains in place because Australia has a world-class system for providing medicines to its citizens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older persons are considered to be what age:
A)85+
B)70+
C)65+
D)50+
Q2) Aged care reforms in the residential aged care sector in 2014 were substantial.Changes to levels of care have seen:
A)high and low care now referred to as residential aged care
B)segregation of high and low care residents
C)eradication of not-for-profit facilities
D)residential aged care being now only for the frail aged
Q3) As the population ages,there will be an increase in the number of people living with one or more chronic conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Australian government is now focused on healthy ageing,highlighting the positive aspects of ageing.Healthy ageing has a strong association with quality of life.
A)True
B)False
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Australian health workforce distribution:
A)is equal across Australia
B)is predominantly located in major cities
C)reflects the population distribution across Australia
D)b and c
Q2) Health inequity is:
A)differences in health status between different population groups or individuals
B)differences in treatments for different population groups
C)differences in health status between population groups that can be linked to potentially modifiable social or economic factors
D)similarities in health status between different population groups due to social or economic conditions
Q3) Overall,compared with their urban counterparts,the health status of rural Australians is:
A)better
B)about the same
C)worse
D)unable to be compared
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Q1) A major threat to the sustainability of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs)is:
A)funding insecurity
B)lack of staff
C)not having enough clients
D)not being necessary today
Q2) The poor health of many Indigenous Australians today can largely be linked to:
A)a rejection of Western health care
B)the use of traditional medicines
C)the intergenerational impact of colonisation
D)not being interested in health
Q3) Indigenous health services and systems first commenced:
A)in the 1970s at Redfern,Sydney
B)with the arrival of Western medicine
C)thousands of years ago with practices that are ongoing today
D)un Central Australia
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the hidden costs of the changes in mental health policy?
A)Commonwealth and private health insurance funds spent on mental health
B)Funding from combined state and territory governments diverted to mental health
C)Indirect health costs and loss of earnings for families and carers
D)The funding provided to non-governmental organisations providing support services
Q2) Which of the following explains why 'capacity' might be difficult to assess in the primary care (community/out-of-hospital)setting?
A)An understanding of capacity can assist in recognition of the early warning signs of mental illness.
B)The idea of capacity is relational and dependent on environment and circumstances.
C)Evaluating capacity assists in pre-planning and recognition of deterioration in an individual's condition.
D)Capacity is required for collaboration in care planning by the individual with health care providers
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Q1) The interaction between the individual's right to freedom of choice and dignity of risk,and the disability and health professionals' duty of care is:
A)a storm in a teacup and we all make too much of it
B)biased towards duty of care - this should be the foremost priority for all professionals involved,and people living with disability need to respect this
C)irrelevant,as health care needs are more important than individual expressed goals and choices
D)an important element of interprofessional practice,sometimes requiring critical thinking and effective collaboration between all stakeholders
Q2) Disability only causes issues affecting the daily living,work and community engagement of people living with disability when those impairments are constant and clearly visible to others.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The Clinical Framework for the Provision of Health Services outlines a set of five guiding principles for the delivery of health services in workers' compensation and motor vehicle accident compensation systems.Which of the following is not one of these five guiding principles?
A)Base treatment on the best available research evidence
B)Measure and demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment
C)Adopt a socioeconomic approach
D)Empower the injured person to manage their injury
Q2) Which of the following most accurately describes the Australian workers' compensation systems?
A)In addition to having one system for each state and territory,there are also three Commonwealth systems
B)There is one system (WorkCover)that regulates all of the states and a separate system (WorkSafe)that regulates workers' compensation in the territories
C)One system is in place for each of the states and territories and this is regulated by a Commonwealth system
D)One Commonwealth system is in place which is responsible for workers' compensation across all of Australia.
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Australia,complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)can be accessed through:
A)GP clinics
B)public hospital emergency departments
C)private practice
D)community health centres
Q2) Who contributes most to the funding of CAM in Australia?
A)Medicare
B)Fees charged for consumer services
C)Private health insurance rebates
D)The Australian government
Q3) What are some of the difficulties facing CAM research?
A)CAM tends to individualise the treatment approach
B)There is very little funding available for CAM research
C)There is no economic incentive for large pharmaceutical companies to support CAM research
D)All of the above
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dental and oral health workforces comprise registered roles with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and non-registered roles.Which of the following roles does not require registration?
A)Oral health therapist
B)Dental hygienist
C)Dental technician
D)Dental therapist
Q2) Which of the Commonwealth-funded dental programs was implemented for people with specific chronic disease impacting on or impacted on by their oral health?
A)Voluntary Dental Graduate Year Program
B)Medical Chronic Disease Dental Scheme
C)Private Health Insurance Rebate
D)Enhanced Primary Care Program
Q3) The majority of Australians show what pattern of oral health?
A)Less than yearly dental visits
B)Access to timely dental care
C)Good oral hygiene
D)Favourable dental visiting patterns
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is only permitted to undertake procedures,actions and processes at his/her distinct level of professional regulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) 'Advanced clinical activities in an area of clinical nursing specialty with limited initiation and supply of medications under protocol.' This statement describes the scope of practice of which nursing role?
A)Enrolled nurse
B)Registered nurse
C)Advanced practice nurse
D)Nurse practitioner
Q3) The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA)regulates the qualifications that lead to all of the following nursing roles except:
A)enrolled nurse
B)registered nurse
C)nurse practitioner
D)advanced practice nurse
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Q1) There are no gaps between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous maternity outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The midwife works in partnership with women to provide support,care and advice.If you were a new midwife looking for these guidelines,you would find them in:
A)the ICM Scope of Practice
B)the NMBA National Competency Standards for the Midwife
C)the NMBA Code of Ethics
D)the ICM Competency Standards for the Midwife
Q3) Interprofessional education is available in many hospitals where maternity services are offered.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Midwives have a responsibility to provide evidence of 20 hours of continuing professional development.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) In some states of Australia,ambulance treatment and transport is a user-pays service,therefore incurring a cost to the user.Insurance can be obtained through:
A)local post offices
B)the nearest pharmacy
C)the ambulance service directly or private health insurance
D)1800-AmboDirect
Q2) Ambulance services are funded by:
A)the Commonwealth government through Medicare
B)private health insurance companies
C)non-government organisations (NGOs)
D)state and territory governments,private health insurance and user payments
Q3) Ambulance services have innovated their service delivery models by:
A)introducing new roles such as community paramedics
B)further up-skilling and training to specialist roles such as intensive-care and extended-care paramedics
C)introducing new service delivery models
D)all of the above
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the 1960s,what has been recognised as the largest cause of death for Australians?
A)Breast cancer
B)Cardiovascular disease
C)Diabetes
D)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Q2) To become an accredited practicing dietitian (APD),a person must undertake which of the following training programs?
A)A two-year associate degree in nutrition and dietetics
B)A three-year Bachelor of Dietetics degree followed by a two-year Master's program
C)A four-year accredited degree followed by an accredited postgraduate qualification in nutrition and dietetics
D)A three-year Bachelor of Dietetics degree followed by a one-year Honours program
Q3) In Australia,the accreditation of nutritionists:
A)is performed on a voluntary basis
B)occurs through the Dietetics Association of Australia
C)is only required if a nutritionist works in a community setting D)enables them to direct the clinical management of patients
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Q1) An extended-scope physiotherapist (ESP)role is most definitively defined by which of the following?
A)Requires a formal training pathway
B)Requires a competency framework defined by the local health authority
C)Requires a change of legislation
D)Requires registration with the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA)
Q2) A physiotherapist working in a private practice who can see clients without a referral from a doctor is referred to as:
A)a secondary contact practitioner
B)a primary contact practitioner
C)an advanced-scope practitioner
D)an extended-scope practitioner
Q3) The fees charged by physiotherapists working in private practice:
A)are set by the federal government
B)are set by the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA)
C)are set by private health insurers
D)are largely driven by market forces
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Q1) The first formal occupational therapy educational programs emerged around:
A)1855
B)1893
C)1914
D)1942
Q2) Occupational therapists work mainly with people who have work injuries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Active engagement in meaningful occupation generally promotes,facilitates and maintains health and well-being.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The number of occupational therapists (OTs)working in private practice in work injury management has significantly increased over the past 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Occupational therapists work mainly in hospitals.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs):
A)perform physiotherapy treatment on athletes and clinical populations
B)provide exercise interventions for individuals with chronic disease,disability or injury
C)diagnose musculoskeletal injury and then provide exercise rehabilitation
D)utilise manual therapy and electrostimulation in their practice
Q2) A primary goal of AEP-led exercise interventions is to:
A)cure an individual of their chronic disease
B)increase the strength and fitness of individuals to elite athlete levels
C)improve the clinical status of an individual with chronic disease
D)prevent chronic disease from developing
Q3) In 2006,accredited exercise physiologists were approved to provide clinical exercise services for people with chronic medical conditions under which scheme?
A)Medicare Australia
B)Department of Veteran Affairs Support
C)Commonwealth Rehabilitation Service
D)Private Health Insurance Rebate Scheme
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Q1) The quality and safety of audiology and speech pathology services arising from the increased funding are assured as a consequence of increased demand resulting from implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Limited access to primary health care has its greatest effects on which group in the community?
A)Urban communities
B)Remote Indigenous communities
C)People with hearing loss
D)Children
Q3) What types of communication/swallowing difficulties might be the priority for speech pathology services for patients in the hospital system?
A)Fluency/stuttering
B)Dysphagia
C)Voice problems
D)All of the above
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Q1) Which of the following statements about management challenges in health care and other organisations is true?
A)Other organisations tend to be more complex than health care organisations,and this is reflected in the management challenges
B)Politics and health care are tightly linked - this adds to the challenges of management in health care organisations
C)Decision-making by management in health care is usually directed by one person
D)All of the above
Q2) All organisations need managers to control,organise,plan and lead.'Leading' may be defined as:
A)Enabling staff to work collaboratively towards achieving the organisation's goals as effectively as possible
B)Coordinating or facilitating the work
C)Solving any problems that arise
D)Adapting the organisation to changes in the environment
Q3) In health care,you can be a good manager without being a leader as well.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Pharmacists providing quality use of medicines (QUM)programs to residential care facilities would include which of the following services?
A)Home medicines reviews
B)Residential medication management reviews
C)MedsCheck
D)Education for nursing and support staff
Q2) Since 2013,the Community Pharmacist Agreements (CPAs)have placed a 'cap' on the number of home medicines reviews (HMRs)that a pharmacist may claim for each month.The pharmacists who experienced the highest proportional loss of income were:
A)employee pharmacists providing services within community pharmacies
B)independent consultant pharmacists
C)hospital pharmacists
D)community pharmacist owners
Q3) Medicine problems are linked to the following proportion of hospital admissions in Australia:
A)less than 0.5%
B)between 1% and 2%
C)between 2% and 3%
D)between 3% and 8%
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Q1) In the 1950s,which organisation represented medical practitioners in Australia?
A)Medical Board of Australia
B)American Medical Association
C)British Medical Association
D)Australian Medical Association
Q2) Which of the following was put in place by the Australian government to replace Medicare Locals?
A)Local Hospital Networks
B)Primary Health Organisations
C)Divisions of General Practice
D)Primary Health Networks
Q3) All qualified medical practitioners in Australia are required to register with which organisation?
A)Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
B)Medical Board of Australia
C)Australian Medical Council
D)Australian Medical Association
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