Introduction to Statistics Practice Questions - 1356 Verified Questions

Introduction to Statistics Practice Questions

Course Introduction

Introduction to Statistics provides students with a foundational understanding of statistical concepts and techniques used to collect, analyze, and interpret data. This course covers essential topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression analysis. Through real-world examples and practical applications, students learn to summarize data, draw meaningful conclusions, and make informed decisions based on statistical reasoning. The course is designed to build critical thinking skills and prepare students for more advanced studies or applications in various academic and professional fields.

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Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences 10th Edition by Frederick J Gravetter

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A researcher is curious about the average monthly cell phone bill for all high school students in the state of Florida.If this average could be obtained,it would be an example of a ____.

A)sample

B)statistic

C)population

D)parameter

Answer: D

Q2) The real limit separating two adjacent scores is located at the upper boundary,or at the higher score.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) In an introductory theater class,the professor records from the number of movies students watched the previous year.The teacher is measuring a discrete variable.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a set of exam scores forms a symmetrical distribution,what can we conclude about the students' scores?

A)Most of the students had relatively high scores.

B)Most of the students had relatively low scores.

C)About 50% of the students had high scores and the rest had low scores.

D)It is not possible the draw any conclusions about the students' scores.

Answer: C

Q2) A sample of n = 15 scores ranges from a high of X = 11 to a low of X = 3.If these scores are placed in a frequency distribution table,how many X values will be listed in the first column of that table?

A)8

B)9

C)11

D)15

Answer: B

Q3) The normal distribution is an example of a symmetrical distribution.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Page 4

Chapter 3: Central Tendency

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Sample Questions

Q1) It is impossible for the value of the mode to be greater than the value of the mean.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q2) If a sample has an odd number of scores,at least one individual will have a score exactly equal to the median.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q3) If a negatively skewed distribution has a mean of 50,then the median and the mode are both probably greater than 50.

A)True

B)False Answer: True

Q4) It is possible for a distribution to have more than one mode.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Variability

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Sample Questions

Q1) For a sample of n = 6 scores with X = 30 and X² = 200,SS = 20.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The sum of the squared deviation scores is SS = 20 for a sample of n = 5 scores.What is the variance for this sample?

A)4

B)5

C)80

D)100

Q3) A sample of n = 5 scores has X = 20 and X² = 180.For this sample,what is the value of the sample standard deviation,s?

A)5

B)8

C)12

D)20

Q4) For a sample with M = 20 and s = 1,a score of X = 17 would be considered an extremely low score.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 5: Z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized

Distributions

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Sample Questions

Q1) For any distribution of scores,the location identified by z = +1 and the location identified by z = -1 are exactly the same distance from the mean.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Last week,Sarah had exams in Math,Spanish,and English.On the Math exam,the mean was µ = 30 with s = 5,and Sarah had a score of X = 45.On the Spanish exam,the mean was µ = 60 with s = 8 and Sarah had a score of X = 68.On the English exam,the mean was µ = 70 with s = 8 and Sarah had a score of X = 70.For which class should Sara expect the better grade?

A)Math

B)Spanish

C)English

D)Grades are the same.

Q3) For a population with µ = 80 and = 6,what is the z-score corresponding to X = 68?

A)-0.50

B)-2.00

C)+2.00

D)-12.00

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Chapter 6: Probability

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Sample Questions

Q1) For a normal distribution,

a. What z-score separates the highest 10% from the rest of the scores?

b. What z-score separates the highest 30% from the rest of the scores?

c. What z-score separates the lowest 40% from the rest of the scores?

d. What z-score separates the lowest 20% from the rest of the scores?

Q2) A vertical line is drawn through a normal distribution at z = 1.20.What proportion of the distribution is on the left-hand side of the line?

A)0.8849

B)0.1151

C)0.3849

D)0.7698

Q3) A normal distribution has a mean of µ = 100 with = 20.If one score is randomly selected from this distribution,what is the probability that the score will have a value between X = 90 and X = 120?

A)0.1498

B)0.4672

C)0.5328

D)0.2996

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Chapter 7: Probability and Samples: the Distribution of Sample Means

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Sample Questions

Q1) The distribution of sample means is the collection of sample means for all the possible random samples of a particular size (n)that can be obtained from a population.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A population has a mean of µ = 80 with = 20.

a. If a single score is randomly selected from this population, how much distance, on average, should you find between the score and the population mean?

b. If a sample of n = 4 scores is randomly selected from this population, how much distance, on average, should you find between the sample mean and the population mean?

c. If a sample of n = 100 scores is randomly selected from this population, how much distance, on average, should you find between the sample mean and the population mean?

Q3) Two samples probably will have different means even if they are both the same size and they are both selected from the same population.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Describe what is measured by the standard error of M.

Page 9

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Chapter 8: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

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Sample Questions

Q1) A researcher administers a treatment to a sample of n = 16 selected from a population with m = 40 and s = 8.If the sample mean after treatment is M = 42,then Cohen's d = 1.00.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A researcher administers a treatment to a sample of participants selected from a population with µ = 80.If a hypothesis test is used to evaluate the effect of the treatment,which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis?

A)A sample mean near 80 with = .05

B)A sample mean near 80 with = .01

C)A sample mean much different than 80 with = .05

D)A sample mean much different than 80 with = .01

Q3) If a hypothesis test leads to rejecting the null hypothesis,it means that the data did not provide enough evidence to conclude that the treatment has an effect.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Define the critical region for a hypothesis test,and explain how the critical region is related to the alpha level.

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Chapter 9: Introduction to the T Statistic

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Sample Questions

Q1) With = .01 the two-tailed critical region for a t test using a sample of n = 16 subjects would have boundaries of ____.

A)t = ±2.602

B)t = ±2.583

C)t = ±2.947

D)t = ±2.921

Q2) What is the sample variance and the estimated standard error for a sample of n = 9 scores with SS = 72?

A)s² = 9 and s_M = 3

B)s² = 9 and s_M = 1

C)s² = 3 and s_M = 3

D)s² = 3 and s_M = 1

Q3) If two samples,each with n = 20 scores,are selected from the same population and both have the same mean (M = 53)and the same variance (s² = 12),then they will also have the same t statistic.

A)True

B)False

Q4) A sample of n = 16 scores has a mean of M = 58 with SS = 960.Use the sample to construct the 90% confidence interval for µ.

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Chapter 10: The T Test for Two Independent Samples

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Sample Questions

Q1) An independent-measures study comparing two treatment conditions produces a t statistic with df = 18.If the two samples are the same size,how many participants were in each of the samples?

A)9

B)10

C)19

D)20

Q2) ?Two samples,each with n = 4 scores,have a pooled variance of 32.The estimated standard error for the sample mean difference is \(\sqrt { 8 }\) .

A)True

B)False

Q3) If two samples each have s² = 10,then the pooled variance will be equal to 20,regardless of sample size.

A)True

B)False

Q4) If two sample variances are not equal,the pooled variance will be closer to the larger of the two variances.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 11: The T Test for Two Related Samples

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which possible outcome is of serious concern with a repeated-measures study?

A)You will obtain negative values for the difference scores.

B)The results will be influenced by order effects.

C)The mean difference is due to individual differences rather than treatment differences.

D)You lose too many degrees of freedom.

Q2) A research report describing the results from a repeated-measures t test states,"t(22)= 1.71,p > .05." From this report you can conclude that the outcome of the hypothesis test was to ____.

A)reject the null hypothesis with a sample of n = 23 participants

B)fail to reject the null hypothesis with a sample of n = 23 participants

C)reject the null hypothesis with a sample of n = 22 participants

D)fail to reject the null hypothesis with a sample of n = 22 participants

Q3) In general,what characteristics of the difference scores are most likely to produce a significant t statistic for the repeated-measures hypothesis test?

A)a large number of scores and a large variance

B)a large number of scores and a small variance

C)a small number of scores and a large variance

D)a small number of scores and a small variance

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Chapter 12: Introduction to Analysis of Variance

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Sample Questions

Q1) In an analysis of variance,which value is determined by the size of the sample mean differences?

A)SS_between

B)SS_within

C)df_between

D)df_within

Q2) An analysis of variance produces SS_between = 40 and MS_between = 20.In this analysis,how many treatment conditions are being compared?

A)2

B)3

C)4

D)20

Q3) For an analysis of variance comparing four treatments,MS_between = 12.What is the value of SS_between?

A)3

B)4

C)36

D)48

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance

Anova

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Sample Questions

Q1) For a repeated-measures ANOVA,n = 5,k = 4,and error SS= 24.Therefore,MS_error = 2.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Explain why MS_within is not an appropriate error term (denominator)for the repeated-measures F-ratio.

Q3) The result of a repeated-measures ANOVA stated that F(3,21)= 4.57,p < .05.The study used a sample of n = 7 participants.

A)True

B)False

Q4) A repeated-measures analysis of variance produces SS_{within treatments} = 84 and SS_{between subjects} = 20.For this analysis,what is the value of SS_error?

A)16

B)24

C)64

D)104

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Chapter 14: Two-Factor Analysis of Variance Independent Measures

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is used to calculate the degrees of freedom for the A x B interaction?

A)df_{between. treatments} - df_A - df_B

B)df_A - df_B

C)df_within - (df_A + df_B)

D)df_{between. treatments} - df_{within treatments}

Q2) A new laundry detergent is supposed to be equally superior to the leading brand in both hot and cold water.If the new detergent works as predicted,then there should be an interaction between the brand of detergent and the temperature of the water.

A)True

B)False

Q3) A two-factor experimental design means that the researcher must measure two separate scores for each subject.

A)True

B)False

Q4) For an independent-measures two-factor analysis of variance,all of the F-ratios use the same denominator.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 15: Correlation

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Sample Questions

Q1) A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold on to exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____.

A)positive correlation

B)negative correlation

C)correlation near zero

D)correlation near one

Q2) Suppose that there is a correlation of +0.41 between the amount of time that each student spends on social media and the student's grade on the exam.This correlation clearly indicates that people who spend more time on social media receive better grades.

A)True

B)False

Q3) A researcher classifies people by gender and by whether or not they routinely watch the evening news on television.For the resulting data,the correct method for measuring the relationship between the two variables would be the phi-coefficient.

A)True

B)False

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Page 17

Chapter 16: Introduction to Regression

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Sample Questions

Q1) An analysis of regression is used to test the significance of a linear regression equation based on a sample of n = 20 individuals.What are the df values for the F-ratio?

A)1, 18

B)1, 19

C)2, 18

D)2, 19

Q2) A set of X and Y scores has a regression equation with a slope of b = 4.If the mean for the X values is M_X = 2 and the mean for the Y values is M_Y = 6,what is the Y-intercept value for the regression equation?

A)-2

B)-22

C)4

D)-4

Q3) The F-ratio evaluating the significance of a linear regression equation based on n = 10 pairs of X and Y scores has df = 1,8.

A)True

B)False

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18

Chapter 17: The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence

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Sample Questions

Q1) Under what circumstances will the chi-square test for goodness of fit produce a large value for a chi-square?

A)when the sample proportions match the hypothesized population proportions

B)when the sample proportions are much different than the hypothesized population proportions

C)when the sample mean is close to the population mean

D)when there is a large difference between the sample mean and the population mean

Q2) Which of the following is a basic assumption for a chi-square hypothesis test?

A)The population distribution(s) must be normal.

B)The scores must come from an interval or ratio scale.

C)The observations must be independent.

D)The sample size is less than 30.

Q3) A chi-square test for independence produces a chi-square statistic with df = 2.The data for this research study form a matrix with four separate cells.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 18: The Binomial Test

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Sample Questions

Q1) The probability of correctly predicting the outcome of a coin toss is p = 1/2.What is the standard deviation of the normal approximation to the binomial distribution for the number of correct predictions in a series of 100 tosses?

A)50

B)25

C)10

D)5

Q2) For a binomial distribution with p = 1/4 and a mean of m = 12,the standard deviation is s = 9.

A)True

B)False

Q3) State the four-step procedure used in a binomial hypothesis test.

Q4) For the binomial test,p = q.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The binomial distribution with p = 1/4 has a standard deviation of 3.For this distribution,there are n = 36 scores in the sample.

A)True

B)False

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