Introduction to Statistics
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Statistics provides students with a foundational understanding of the principles and methods used to collect, summarize, analyze, and interpret data. This course covers key concepts such as probability, descriptive statistics, sampling techniques, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, correlation, and regression analysis. Through practical examples and hands-on exercises, students will learn how to apply statistical reasoning to real-world problems, make informed decisions based on data, and critically evaluate statistical information presented in various fields.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theories are often proven or disproven in science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) For the set of numbers 4, 5, 6, 9, the value of (\(\Sigma\)x)<sup>2</sup> would be equal to
A)24
B)158
C)576
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following scales requires a rational zero point?
A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)ratio
D)rational
E)interdenominational
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In her bar graph presentation to the queen of England, Florence Nightingale controlled for which two rival hypotheses?
A)age and gender
B)age and ethnicity
C)age and war
D)health and conditions
E)war and gender
Answer: C
Q2) In a study by Micceri of 440 large-sample distributions, what percentages were significantly different from the true normal distribution?
A)54%
B)79%
C)92%
D)100%
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the standard deviation of the advertising expenses (rounded to a whole number)?
A)$3284
B)$3285
C)$1975
D)$3241
Answer: D
Q2) What is the mean (rounded to two decimal places) of the following set of first-time statistics students' ages: 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 29, 33, 64?
A)24.5
B)25
C)24.50
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis
Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What SAT verbal score would convert to a z score of 2.00?
A)400
B)500
C)600
D)700
Q2) Which of the following T scores has a z score of 0.00?
A)10
B)20 C)30
D)40
E)50
Q3) From what negative z score to what positive z score would cut off the middle .9500 of the z distribution?
A)± 1.64
B)± 1.96
C)± 2.00
D)± 1.00
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Page 6
Chapter
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trend in the data means that the experimenter
A)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .05
B)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .01
C)did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so
D)none of the above
Q2) A dependent variable in an experiment can be likened to the ___________ in the signal-to-noise ratio.
A)signal
B)to
C)noise
D)ratio
Q3) When findings in an experiment do not reach the conventional level of statistical significance, they are reported to be ___________.
A)nonsignificant
B)insignificant
C)significant
D)unworthy
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Page 7
Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To test for the significance of a Pearson correlation, one must use the _______________ distribution.
A)t
B)F
C)\(\chi\)<sup>2</sup>
D)z
Q2) The strength of a relationship between two variables in correlation is ________________ of the significance testing.
A)highly dependent
B)actually independent (not completely, but mostly)
C)highly independent
D)the obverse
Q3) The ____________ assumption is met if, in a scatterplot, the distance from the points to the line is relatively equal all along the line.
A)homoscedasticity
B)linearity
C)curvilinearity
D)heterolinearity
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8
Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What can be concluded from the statistical analysis of this problem?
A)the null hypothesis cannot be rejected
B)Vitamin C doesn't seem to prevent colds any better than a placebo
C)the mean number of colds is not significantly different between the two groups
D)all of the above are true
Q2) The correct statistical decision would be
A)retain the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)retain the alternative hypothesis
D)reject the directional null hypothesis
Q3) The derived t value for this problem (either or ) is
A)3.058
B)7.33
C).008
D)2.120
Q4) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) One drawback of dependent t test designs versus independent t test designs is the degrees of freedom.Given the same number of participants in both designs, which has the greater degrees of freedom?
A)dependent
B)independent C)they are equal
Q2) Assume this t test had a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, and we will use the conventional level of statistical significance.The critical value (plus and minus) of the t test for this problem (obtained from Appendix B: t distribution) is
A)2.179
B)2.201
C)3.106
D)4.437
Q3) The df for this problem are
A)0
B)8
C)5
D)14
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10
Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way to determine the effect size in ANOVA is
A)omega-squared
B)F squared
C)alpha-squared
D)beta-squared
Q2) The degrees of freedom for the denominator (df<sub>2</sub>) is A)3
B)28
C)31
D)1
Q3) The F value for this problem is
A)1150.75
B)436.75
C)1587.50
D)24.591
Q4) The degrees of freedom for the numerator (df<sub>1</sub>) is A)3
B)28
C)31 D)1
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) What error degrees of freedom would be chosen in the appendix for Tukey's q value?
A)3
B)24
C)30
D)8
Q2) Remember for this question, you are answering based on the results of Tukey's test, not on the mathematical results.The results of Tukey's HSD test for this problem revealed that
A)the soft rock condition produced the second greatest sales, that is, better than the classical and jazz conditions
B)the soft rock, classical, and jazz conditions all were tied as second best, next to the no-music condition
C)the jazz condition produced the least amount of sales
D)the classical condition produced the third best amount of sales
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for SST are A)3
B)6 C)27 D)35
Q2) The obtained F value for this problem is
A)23.20
B)32.45
C)35.64
D)67.13
Q3) The sum of squares for subjects (SSS) for this problem is
A)48,598.087
B)9,852.485
C)57,207.714
D)739,884.557
Q4) The error term sum of squares (SSW) for this problem is
A)8,524,828.52
B)784,628.05
C)24,869.08
D)2,344.57
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sums of squares for the interaction are
A)45.38
B)615.13
C)935.31
D)157.63
Q2) The phrase "completely randomized" indicates that A)the dependent variable has been completely randomized B)the results are completely randomized C)the participants have been randomly assigned to the groups D)the blocks have been randomized to the degrees of freedom
Q3) The error term sums of squares are
A)157.63
B)45.38
C)615.13
D)935.31
Q4) The F value for fillings is
A)6.045
B)31.225
C)81.952
D)1.000
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Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tukey's HSD value for the interaction between gender and drug levels (at p = .05) is
A)3.44
B)4.23
C)2.17
D)1.17
Q2) Overall, for the interaction, which of the following is true?
A)boys' short-term memory is better on Ritalin
B)girls' short-term memory is better on Cylert
C)boys' short-term memory is better on Cylert
D)none of the above
Q3) In the calculation of Tukey's HSD value, the calculation can be made at either p < .05 or .01
A)but those values are chosen based on the significance of the F value
B)depending on which level explains your data better
C)depending on the effect size analysis
D)or even p < .001
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15
Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The SS for the interaction is
A)1540.267
B)273.067
C)10.033
D)9.033
E)463.733
Q2) The df for SST is A)1
B)2
C)3
D)54
E)59
Q3) The CM is
A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics:
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for this chi-square problem are A)1
B)2
C)5
D)200
Q2) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)3.94
B)1.09
C)5.69
D)6.09
Q3) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)a greater percentage of men than women married for love
B)a greater percentage of women than men married for love
C)more women married for love
D)more men married for money
Q4) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)69.37
B)17.16
C)6.09
D)3.84
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a patient is harmed or killed just by the treatment for a disease, it is called the ____________ effect.
A)not too good
B)bad
C)iatrogenic
D)polygenic
Q2) A true negative is defined as
A)a test result is positive, and the patient actually has the condition
B)a test is negative, and the patient actually has the condition
C)a test is positive, and the patient doesn't have the condition
D)a test is negative, and the patient doesn't have the condition
Q3) A test possesses good specificity if it has a
A)high true-positive rate
B)high true-negative rate
C)high false-positive rate
D)high false-negative rate
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