Introduction to Sociology Practice Exam
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides students with a foundational understanding of the systematic study of human society, social behaviors, and institutions. This course explores key concepts, theories, and methods used by sociologists to analyze how individuals interact within groups, how cultures develop, and how social structures such as family, education, and government influence everyday life. By examining topics like socialization, inequality, race, gender, and globalization, students gain insights into the complex dynamics that shape societies and their own roles within them.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 9th Edition by David
B. Brinkerhoff
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15 Chapters
2023 Verified Questions
2023 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Study of Society
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135 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists rely on anecdotal evidence in their research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) University students who drink may have grown up in families with a lot of stress that may not have valued education.Therefore,a correlation found between grades and drinking may be caused by pre-existing conditions for the students.If so,the correlation between grades and drinking would be considered:
A) a triangulated relationship.
B) a secondary relationship.
C) a spurious relationship.
D) an aftereffect.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of these is NOT a way that sociologists use existing statistics?
A) support the results of research based on other methods
B) construct a broader picture of the problem being studied
C) understand the shared meanings of a behavior or experience
D) combine with data collected the researcher
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social control is most effective when sanctions from formal authority are threatened.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) All of the following are positive aspects of celebrity culture EXCEPT:
A) watching talented people be rewarded can inspire you to cultivate your own talents.
B) there are many more opportunities to be famous now.
C) it gives us a common vocabulary.
D) it gives people things to discuss with each other.
Answer: B
Q3) When Americans traveling abroad say that they really "find these people really awful," they are:
A) being ethnocentric.
B) expressing cultural relativism.
C) identifying with a counterculture.
D) expressing a wish for more cultural variability.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ focuses on how socialization reinforces unequal power relationships.
A) Symbolic interactionism
B) Conflict theory
C) Structural functionalism
D) Sociobiology
Answer: B
Q2) As an example of the critical importance of primary socialization,the text reports that the number of words we learn by the age of three:
A) will determine our ability to learn in the future.
B) is the same for children of all social classes.
C) highly predicts future reading ability and likelihood of high school graduation.
D) result in differences in intelligence that can never be overcome.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a significant other?
A) your mother
B) your professor
C) your employer
D) your neighbor
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements about resolving identities within social interaction is FALSE?
A) Most often, identities are not a problem in social encounters.
B) Differences about how to define identity may be the cause of serious conflict.
C) Negotiation of identity involves manipulating others into playing roles we've assigned to them.
D) Resolving identity issues in interactions usually involves further talk.
Q2) One can expect that people who break the rules will attempt to protect their self-esteem.If they know that they are likely to break a rule in advance,they are likely to:
A) offer a disclaimer.
B) give an excuse.
C) give a justification.
D) remain silent.
Q3) The set of rights and obligations associated with a status is called:
A) a status network.
B) a status set.
C) an institution.
D) a role.
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6
Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual's total set of relationships is called his/her:
A) social bond.
B) social network.
C) primary group.
D) secondary group.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a potential result from competition?
A) It may stimulate achievement.
B) It may increase personal stress.
C) It may reduce cooperation.
D) It may ensure equitable rewards.
Q3) Groups that are formal,large,and impersonal are called:
A) primary groups.
B) secondary groups.
C) tertiary groups.
D) bureaucracies.
Q4) What does civic engagement mean?
A) being engaged to be married and planning a non-religious ceremony
B) running for public office
C) being involved in the broader society
D) having a lot of friends in the community
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following categories is most likely to be able to successfully claim the label of "ill"?
A) women
B) African Americans
C) the lower class
D) people in positions of power
Q2) When rules are not supported by group values,it is difficult for even formal agencies to enforce compliance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to strain theory,the solution to deviance is to:
A) reform the individual who deviates.
B) make it easier to reach societal goals through acceptable means.
C) put more money into correctional facilities.
D) implement tougher sentencing guidelines for the more dangerous crimes.
Q4) All of the following are examples of corporate crime EXCEPT:
A) polluting the environment.
B) selling defective products.
C) a CEO sexually harassing his assistant.
D) evading corporate taxes.
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern conflict theory examines:
A) how ownership of the means of production creates class competition.
B) the impact of false consciousness on social values.
C) the uses of social conflict to ensure the best qualified are motivated for difficult positions.
D) control affects the struggle for scarce resources and the role of class in governmental policies.
Q2) The phrase "segmented labor market" refers to a situation in which:
A) there is one labor market for white males and another for women and minorities.
B) jobs are rotated by segments in order to maintain status equality.
C) jobs become more specialized.
D) workers are categorized as being "democratic" or "republican."
Q3) Which theory of stratification offers a supply-and-demand explanation of occupational rewards?
A) symbolic interactionism
B) differential association
C) conflict theory
D) structural-functionalism
Q4) Explain why raising the minimum wage is a goal of the fair wage movement.
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Chapter 8: Racial and Ethnic Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Racial and ethnic hostilities are most pronounced when economic resources are __________ and majority group advantage is __________.
A) scarce; secure
B) scarce; threatened
C) abundant; secure
D) abundant; threatened
Q2) When situations in everyday life appear to be fair but in reality reproduce racial or ethnic inequality,this is termed:
A) laissez-faire racism.
B) institutionalized racism.
C) reverse discrimination.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Q3) Discuss the construction of whiteness as a race and the meaning of white racial identity.Explain white privilege as it pertains to white identity.
Q4) Which of the following could be described as being in double jeopardy?
A) Rose, a black woman
B) Ben, an older white man
C) George, a Mexican American man
D) Mary, a white woman
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Chapter 9: Sex,Gender,and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to conflict theory,contemporary sex differences are designed to:
A) help maintain family stability.
B) benefit women.
C) benefit the capitalist class.
D) increase specialization.
Q2) The concept of sex is used to refer to which of the following?
A) masculine/feminine
B) male/female
C) sexual self-concept
D) gender role
Q3) In a study of women at gyms,after being told by trainers that they could lift weights without fear because they would not "bulk up," it was discovered that:
A) nearly all the women began strenuous weightlifting programs.
B) most women did not lift weights at all or limited their weightlifting.
C) by the end of two years a majority of the women had developed fairly defined muscles.
D) the women were not really afraid of "bulking up."
Q4) What is sexism?
Q5) In what fields in college are the gender differences most striking?
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Chapter 10: Health and Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) For those who are insured,how do most Americans obtain their insurance?
Q2) Who are the manufacturers of illness?
A) the people who define what is and isn't a disease
B) groups that promote deadly behaviors and social conditions
C) hypochondriacs
D) pharmaceutical companies
Q3) African American,Hispanics,and Native Americans:
A) have reached the same average levels of health status as whites.
B) are as likely to have health insurance as Asian Americans.
C) are more likely to die at any given age than whites.
D) receive more attention from doctors because of their presumed lower social status.
Q4) Give examples of manufacturers of illness and how they contribute to preventable deaths.
Q5) Approximately what percentage of adults in the United States experiences some diagnosable form of mental illness in any given year?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 30%
D) 50%
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Chapter 11: Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Divorce has always been more prevalent in the United States than in Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Physical attractiveness:
A) is more important in mate selection than most people think.
B) increases in importance after the first meeting.
C) decreases in importance after the first meeting.
D) is important among teenagers but becomes less important for people in their twenties and thirties.
Q3) About __________ American children grow up in poverty.
A) one in two
B) one in five
C) one in ten
D) one in twenty
Q4) Rites of passage are:
A) formal rituals that mark the end of one age status and the beginning of another.
B) rituals that mark puberty.
C) only practiced by hunting and gathering societies.
D) associated with negative psychological effects.
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to religious movements that believe their most sacred books are the literal work of God and stress the importance of living in ways that mesh with those traditional interpretations.
A) Fundamentalism
B) Religious economics
C) Civil religion
D) Religiosity
Q2) Define what Stark and Finke mean by the "religious economy" and the impact it has had on religion within American society.
Q3) Public schools that try to attract students through offering high-quality special programs or approaches are called:
A) home schools.
B) charter schools.
C) magnet schools.
D) voucher schools.
Q4) Why do schools use tracking? Compare and contrast the structural-functional and the conflict theory point of view.
Q5) What factors account for the rise of fundamentalism around the world?
Q6) Identify three manifest functions of the education institution.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) American government is based on:
A) traditional authority.
B) charismatic authority.
C) democratic authority.
D) rational-legal authority.
Q2) What are the three types of authority identified by Weber?
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the three ill effects of technology on labor?
A) deskilling
B) low productivity
C) displacing workers
D) greater supervision
Q4) According to the text,how has the power elite within the U.S.changed over time?
A) Today, the military has much more power than ever before.
B) The power elite have become smaller and more homogeneous than ever.
C) A new cultural elite, made up of celebrities and religious leaders, has grown.
D) All of these are fairly recent changes in the composition of the power elite.
Q5) What is privatization?
Q6) What characteristics describe those who are most likely to vote?
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Chapter 14: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most outstanding differences in rural/urban quality of life is that big-city residents are:
A) more knowledgeable about social issues.
B) more highly educated.
C) less conservative on social issues.
D) exposed to more crime.
Q2) Which of these is NOT a concern due to the low fertility rate in Italy?
A) too many old people
B) too many young people
C) cultural dilution
D) labor force shortage
Q3) Which of the following is a negative consequence of low fertility discussed in the text?
A) unhappy family life and empty nest syndrome
B) less satisfying marriages and lack of family income from children's labor
C) diminished connection to the new technologies and popular culture that children learn about first
D) difficulty filling all necessary occupations, and rising costs of caring for the elderly
Q4) What are the three major trends in internal migration within the U.S.?
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Chapter 15: Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is NOT likely to be a characteristic of a successful social movement organization?
A) The members of the SMO must actively participate in order to gain the benefits of any victories.
B) The organization has a centralized bureaucratic structure.
C) The SMO has successfully isolated itself from other organizations in order to work independently.
D) Organization members get along and do not fight with each other over leadership issues.
Q2) Which is NOT true about incidents of collective behavior?
A) Collective behavior is usually short-lived.
B) Incidents occur when the cultural norms for behavior are vague or inadequate.
C) Incidents of collective behavior occur when cultural norms for behavior are contested.
D) Collective behavior is organized around a specific agenda.
Q3) Nearly two-thirds of companies surveyed admit that they engage in some form electronic surveillance of their employees.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17