Introduction to Sociology Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology explores the systematic study of human society, social behavior, and group interactions. This course introduces students to key sociological concepts, theories, and methods used to analyze social structures, institutions, and processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding culture, socialization, social stratification, and the role of social groups in shaping individual and collective experiences. By examining topics such as race, gender, class, family, education, and social change, students develop a foundational understanding of how society influences individuals and how individuals contribute to societal development.
Recommended Textbook
SOC 4th edition by Nijole V. Benokraitis
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Thinking Like a Sociologist
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are social facts?
Answer: To be scientific, Durkheim maintained, sociology must study social facts-aspects of social life, external to the individual, that can be measured.Sociologists can determine material facts by examining demographic characteristics such as age, place of residence, and population size.They can gauge nonmaterial facts, such as communication processes, by observing everyday behavior and how people relate to each other.For contemporary sociologists, social facts also include collecting and analyzing data on social currents, such as collective behavior and social movements.Please see the section "Some Origins of Sociological Theory" for more information.
Q2) Thomas is conducting a study on the work patterns and personal habits of his family members.He shadows them each day to record their daily interactions with each other and with the outside world-be it at school, work, or even the supermarket.In this scenario, Thomas most likely studies:
A) microsociology.
B) macrosociology.
C) physiology.
D) conflict theories.
E) symbolic interactions.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Examining Our Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) In participant observation, researchers interact with the people they're studying.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In a country called Novea, teen suicide rates dropped by 39 percent from 1995 to 2015, but 70 percent of the citizens believe that the rate has gone up.The reason behind this misperception is the increase in the media focus on teen suicides.This is an example of _____.
A) overgeneralization
B) conventional wisdom
C) inductive reasoning
D) tradition
E) sampling
Answer: A
Q3) Structured interviews use open-ended questions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a belief of conflict theorists?
A) Cultural values promote conflict.
B) The elite define cultural values.
C) Taxpayers benefit from cultural universals.
D) Culture benefits some groups more than others.
E) Material culture is unequal.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is a criticism of U.S.cultural imperialism?
A) It requires sophisticated thought processes.
B) It displaces authentic local culture.
C) It increases social discrimination.
D) It results in cultural growth.
E) It has no impact on local culture.
Answer: B
Q3) Cultural integration promotes order and stability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) According to Mead, the _____ is creative, imaginative, impulsive, spontaneous, nonconformist, self-centered, and sometimes unpredictable.
A) looking-glass self
B) I
C) me
D) super ego
E) ego
Q2) Some scientists describe healthy infants' brains as "small computers" because if not maintained well they can get damaged.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to symbolic interaction theories, _____ lack a sense of self, an awareness of their social identity.
A) elderly people
B) adults
C) teenagers
D) newborn infants
E) toddlers
Q4) Explain the concept of involuntary resocialization.
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Q1) _____ refers to the frustrations and uncertainties a person experiences when confronted with the requirements of two or more statuses.
A) Role rage
B) Role strain
C) Role conflict
D) Role inconsistency
E) Role discrepancy
Q2) Each status is associated with one or more _____.
A) facial expressions
B) body languages
C) logics
D) theories
E) roles
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about a master status?
A) It is usually not apparent.
B) It usually makes the biggest impression.
C) It usually does not affect others' perceptions.
D) It is always achieved.
E) It is always ascribed.
Q4) What is status? Illustrate with examples.
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Chapter 6: Social Groups, Organizations, and Social Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the three types of leaders as identified by classic studies.
Q2) Functionalists believe strongly in the functionality of organizations especially bureaucracies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe Stanley Milgram's experiment, and explain why it was criticized.
Q4) Charles is a democratic leader.He will generally be controlling and bossy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the context of a glass escalator, men in female-dominated occupations:
A) work long hours, but are paid less.
B) move up to supervisory positions faster than their female counterparts.
C) performer better than their colleagues.
D) have little scope of success than do men in male-dominated occupations.
E) use unethical methods to achieve success in a short period.
Q6) Secondary groups meet our expressive needs.
A)True
B)False
Q8) List any four shortcomings of bureaucracies. Page 8
Q7) Differentiate between an in-group and an out-group.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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Q1) _____ causes inequality and such inequality diminishes women's control over their lives and increases their invisibility as victims.
A) Feminism
B) Patriarchy
C) Matriarchy
D) Egalitarianism
E) Jurisprudence
Q2) Deviance is accompanied by social stigmas.Justify this statement.
Q3) Suicide is the most common criminal deviance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why white-collar crimes are lucrative.
Q5) According to functionalists, deviance is functional because it:
A) bolsters the economy.
B) increases trust in personal and formal relationships.
C) increases confidence in institutions.
D) reduces tension and insecurity.
E) impedes social change.
Q6) Give an example of a situation where corporate crimes are profitable.
Q7) Explain the two most important sources of crime statistics.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification: United States and Global
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the jobs held by the working class of America?
A) Their jobs have considerable on-the-job autonomy and freedom.
B) They are mostly dependent on income from government programs.
C) They work in minimum wage jobs, or are often unemployed.
D) Their jobs require little training and are closely supervised.
E) Their jobs consist of nonmanual occupations that require some training beyond high school.
Q2) Tom drifts in and out of most jobs.Owing to his lack of education and skill, it is often very difficult for him to find a stable job with a steady income.Despite having some earning, he depends on various government programs to make ends meet.Which of the following terms can be used to describe Tom's social status?
A) Bourgeoisie
B) Lower-middle class
C) Working poor
D) Underclass
E) Working class
Q3) Based on the conflict theory, explain how capitalism benefits only the rich.
Q4) Briefly describe the features of the working class of America.
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Chapter 9: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) Teenagers are more likely to engage in sex at any early age if they:
A) have authoritative parents.
B) achieve good grades and are popular.
C) use alcohol or other drugs or experience domestic violence.
D) are religious in their views and beliefs.
E) believe that it will not lead to the commitments of a serious relationship.
Q2) Philip and Roger have decided to get married.However, their decision has received a mixed response from the society.Who among the following is most likely to support their marriage?
A) Martha, a 55-year-old
B) Aaron, a fervent Jew
C) Ricardo, a homophobic
D) Chris, a 20-year-old
E) Peter, an orthodox Christian
Q3) Intersexuals are those who are attracted to both sexes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain gender stratification in family life.
Q5) Describe occupational sex segregation.
Q6) Describe the difference in sexuality as people age.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Which of the following terms refers to informal segregation?
A) De dato segregation
B) De facto segregation
C) De jure segregation
D) De fideli segregation
E) De integro segregation
Q2) _____ is the systematic effort to kill all members of a particular ethnic, religious, political, racial, or national group.
A) Segregation
B) Acculturation
C) Pluralism
D) Stereotyping
E) Genocide
Q3) A(n) _____ refers to people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage.
A) fusion group
B) ethnic group
C) racial group
D) religious group
E) dominant group
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Chapter 11: The Economy and Politics
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Q1) A(n) _____ is someone hired by a special-interest group to influence legislation on the group's behalf.
A) activist
B) fund raiser
C) lobbyist
D) marketer
E) publicist
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of globalization?
A) It gives unprecedented political power to consumers.
B) It depreciates living standards of workers in developing countries.
C) It eliminates income inequality between workers and the global elite.
D) It increases the number of workers in Western economies.
E) It exploits poor people in developing countries.
Q3) In a democracy, individuals participate in governmental decisions, and select leaders who are responsive to the wishes of the majority of the people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define authority.Briefly discuss the various forms of authority.
Q5) Define capitalism.List the characteristics of a capitalistic economy.
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Chapter 12: Families and Aging
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Q1) How do symbolic interactionists use exchange theory to explain mate selection and family roles?
Q2) Christina, a 29-year-old woman, joined a company in Texas in 2007 and was working there for a year.Thereafter, when the recession was at its peak, she got laid off.So, she moved back into her parents' home in California and has been looking for a suitable job since.Christina's situation is characteristic of the:
A) lost generation.
B) silent generation.
C) boomerang generation.
D) baby boomer generation.
E) sandwich generation.
Q3) In a(n) _____ the oldest males (grandfathers, fathers, and uncles) control cultural, political, and economic resources and, consequently, have power over females.
A) patriarchal family system
B) matriarchal family system
C) neolocal family system
D) interlocal family system
E) egalitarian family system
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Chapter 13: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critically evaluate the conflict theorists' views on education.
Q2) For functionalists, education contributes to society's stability, solidarity, and well-being, and provides people with an opportunity for upward mobility.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is defined as an acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression.
A) Evangelism
B) Protestant ethic
C) False consciousness
D) Civil religion
E) Fundamentalism
Q4) According to a study by Hamilton in 1995, because churches are an integral part of the social order, they often become dependent on, rather than critical of, the ruling classes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do religion, religiosity, and spirituality differ from each other?
Q6) Discuss the feminist perspective on religion.Support your answer with examples.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Health and Medicine
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true in the context of illicit drug use in the United States?
A) It is the nation's leading lifestyle related and preventable cause of death.
B) It is reported in less than one percent of Americans.
C) It is least common among people aged between 18 and 25 years.
D) It is more common among women than men.
E) It is least common among Asian Americans.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of health insurance in the United States?
A)
The majority of Americans get health insurance from the government.
B) More than 40 percent of Americans get their health insurance through Medicaid.
C) Medicare pays most of the medical costs of Americans age 65 and over, regardless of income.
D) Employer-based health insurance coverage has increased considerably over the last few years.
E) Medicaid provides medical care exclusively for people aged 45 years and over.
Q3) Explain the changes in the occurrence of illnesses with age.
Q4) Explain Parsons' concept of sick role.
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment
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Q1) Describe the multiple nuclei theory of city growth and change.
Q2) Ralph believes that urban development is a political tactic and is controlled by laws that favor the rich.Ralph's views represent the _____ perspective.
A) functionalist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict theorist
D) feminist theorist
E) fundamentalist
Q3) Urban ecology studies the relationships between:
A) urbanization and its effect on the economy.
B) urban development and its effect on the environment.
C) different people living in urban neighborhoods.
D) people and urban environments.
E) people's lifestyles and their residential preferences.
Q4) The total fertility rate is the:
A) rate at which a population doubles in size.
B) average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
C) median age at which women have their first child.
D) total number of children who have lived beyond the age of five years.
E) number of live births for every 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Social Change: Collective Behavior, Social Movements,
and Technology
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Q1) When a riot broke out in the city of Verdana, the police tried to hold back the crowd using water cannons.According to the structural strain theory, which of the following terms would be used to describe the action taken by the police to regulate the crowd?
A) Mass hysteria
B) Milling
C) Structural conduciveness
D) Structural strain
E) Social control
Q2) What is public opinion? Describe its components, and illustrate your answer with an example.
Q3) Discuss the reasons for the emergence of a fad.
Q4) Which of the following statements is true of social movements?
A) They are initiated solely for the purpose of generating a social change.
B) They involve a lot of face-to-face interaction.
C) They have the same characteristics as the other forms of collective behavior.
D) They are goal-oriented and can have a lasting impact on society.
E) They are unstructured and spontaneous.
Q5) Explain the stages of a social movement.
Q6) Examine the disadvantages of 3-D printing technology.
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