Introduction to Sociology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology offers a foundational exploration of the systematic study of human society, social behavior, and the complex relationships that shape social life. This course introduces students to core sociological concepts, theories, and methodologies used to analyze topics such as culture, socialization, social structures, inequality, group dynamics, and institutions like family, education, and religion. Through a combination of readings, discussions, and case studies, students gain critical insights into how society influences individuals and how individuals, in turn, contribute to societal change.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the functionalist term for the disruptive impact that social structures can sometimes have on a group of people?
A)social disequilibrium
B)manifest function
C)latent function
D)dysfunction
Answer: D
Q2) Which revolution put forth the idea that humans can intervene in and shape society?
A)Industrial Revolution
B)Scientific Revolution
C)Sociological Revolution
D)Democratic Revolution
Answer: D
Q3) The study of the subjective meanings that people attach to their actions and social life is part of the functionalist theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sociologist organizes a focus group about plagiarism at university.He knows that this topic may be stressful and embarrassing to student participants, so he tells them that study strategies will be discussed.Which requirement of research ethics is the sociologist violating?
A)anonymity
B)confidentiality
C)authenticity
D)informed consent
Answer: D
Q2) What is the most common type of table for displaying survey data?
A)a contingency table
B)a statistical table
C)a sampling table
D)a response rate table
Answer: A
Q3) In research, the control variable determines the context of the hypothesized relationship.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shelley is carrying a large heavy box out of class, while the people ahead of her exit the classroom and allow the door to slam in her face.What cultural rule are they breaking?
A)a taboo
B)a more
C)a folkway
D)cooperation
Answer: C
Q2) Marvin Harris argues that ethnocentrism misleads many Western observers' understanding of cow worship in rural India.When examining cow worship from the point of view of the functions it fulfills in Indian society, how can cow worship be understood?
A)as a rational economic practice
B)as a meaningful religious practice
C)as a solidarity social practice
D)as a sentimental emotional practice
Answer: A
Q3) What is culture?
Answer: Responses will vary
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do people who spend significant time playing Anno or other online games form?
A)cliques
B)interest groups
C)virtual communities
D)worldwide networks
Q2) What differentiates generations from age cohorts?
A)formative experiences
B)formative values
C)formative roles
D)formative behaviours
Q3) Which of the following ideas is the message of Extreme Makeover and similar shows consistent with?
A)stable personality structure
B)initiation rite
C)looking-glass self
D)resocialization
Q4) What is "taking the role of the other"?
Q5) What is a virtual community and how are virtual communities relevant to socialization?
6
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every time Rachel gets together for coffee with Mike, he talks only about himself and ignores any attempts she makes to talk about her own situation.What is likely to happen to this pair of friends?
A)They will continue being friends because Rachel will ignore her need for attention.
B)They will continue being friends because Mike will realize that he is being unfair.
C)They will cease being friends because Rachel's need for attention continues to be unmet.
D)They will cease being friends because Mike will need a new audience to give him the attention he craves.
Q2) Niamh is a waitress.She is serving lunch to customers when one of them asks, "Why don't you smile, honey?" What is the customer demanding from Niamh?
A)role making
B)role management
C)emotion labour
D)emotion management
Q3) Summarize the contribution of feminist theory to our understanding of emotions.
Q4) Show how emotions can be shaped by social forces.
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Milgram experiment has shown that most people socialized in democratic societies will resist authority when asked to harm innocent strangers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Stouffer's classic 1949 study of soldiers in World War II, what was the principal motivator in compelling Allied soldiers to take part in combat?
A)the belief in upholding liberty
B)a hatred of Nazism
C)the belief in freedom for all humankind
D)feelings of solidarity with comrades
Q3) Define and give an example of a primary group.
Q4) The most elementary social network is a triad.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of group conformity?
A)being a person with a low status in a group
B)being from a society that values individualism
C)being in a pair of intimate friends
D)having a lone dissenter as part of a group
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some Mennonite communities stop all social interaction with members who break community norms.What is this practice an example of?
A)informal punishment
B)formal punishment
C)deviance
D)crime
Q2) Define the rationales for incarceration of criminals and discuss their effectiveness in reducing recidivism.
Q3) Glynnis watches Scott dump a day's worth of tree seedlings into a ravine instead of planting them.The company that employs Glynnis and Scott has a strict policy about this action, which is viewed as theft.Glynnis calls Scott a jerk, tells her friends what he has done, and ignores him for the rest of the season.What is Glynnis engaging in?
A)informal punishment
B)norm enhancement
C)formal punishment
D)unprovoked harassment
Q4) Compare strain and subcultural theories of deviance and crime.
Q5) Define types of deviance and crime.Give one example of each.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens when lower-income Canadians spend more of their income on consumption?
A)Regressive taxes hurt them more.
B)Progressive taxes hurt them more.
C)They are given tax credits to ensure progressive taxation does not hurt them.
D)They are given tax credits to ensure that regressive taxation does not hurt them.
Q2) According to research, what do Canadians think about inequality in their society?
Q3) According to the textbook, which behaviour by the powerful signals weakness?
A)the use of authority
B)the use of force
C)the overt display of prestige
D)the overt display of money
Q4) Approximately what percentage of Canadians experience low income?
A)13 percent
B)23 percent
C)33 percent
D)43 percent
Q5) Is power or authority more effective in maintaining a stable society?
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) What can Canadians do to persuade Canadian corporations to improve working conditions in their factories overseas?
Q2) Dependency theory has strong intellectual ties to conflict theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following has increased through the pursuit of higher profits?
A)modernization
B)globalization
C)dependency
D)colonialism
Q4) Which of the following ideas is a dependency theorist most likely to embrace?
A)Multinational corporations should invest more in poor countries in order to jump-start poor economies.
B)Governments of rich nations should put more pressure on governments of poor nations to become increasingly democratic.
C)Governments in wealthy nations should offer increased financial assistance to poor nations to help them create the needed infrastructure.
D)Rich nations should loan poor nations more money to kick-start their economies.
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Steven is a store owner downtown and is convinced that Aboriginal people are thieves.Every time an Aboriginal person comes into his store he follows them around, finding any excuse he can to kick them out of the store.What is Steven practising?
A)racism
B)scapegoating
C)assimilation
D)expulsion
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to make assimilation of an ethnic group into majority society improbable?
A)high in-group solidarity
B)a culture very different from majority culture
C)a period of high economic growth
D)a history of conquest
Q3) Which of the following theories best explains slavery?
A)labelling theory
B)identification theory
C)split labour market theory
D)theory of internal colonialism
Q4) What was the "underground railroad"?
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) What decision did preschool boys make when presented with the choice of playing with a dish set or with a tool set?
A)They almost always chose the tool set.
B)They chose the tool set more often than the dish set.
C)They were as likely to choose one set as another.
D)They almost never chose the dish set.
Q2) Discuss the influence of mass media on gender ideology.
Q3) What is the main lesson to be drawn from the textbook's story of Bruce/Brenda/David?
A)Social learning of gender begins very early in life.
B)Gender identity is established mainly by biology.
C)Sexuality is organized around a person's biological characteristics.
D)Gender is not important for a person's identity.
Q4) Which of the following refers to a type of sexual harassment involving sexual threats or bribery as a condition of employment decisions?
A)workplace assault
B)sexual assault
C)quid pro quo sexual harassment
D)hostile environment sexual harassment
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how the elderly are stereotyped in popular media.Make a case that this situation is getting better, staying the same, or getting worse.
Q2) According to the textbook, what percentage of the Canadian adult population self-identify as having a disability?
A)fewer than 5 percent
B)approximately 9 percent
C)nearly 13 percent
D)more than 15 percent
Q3) More Canadians are overweight today than previously.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Following their sociology of the body class, Agnes asked Jessica to give her an example of an "adapting" activity in a body project enterprise.Which of the following would Jessica utilize?
A)putting on concealer to cover blotchy skin and acne
B)getting a tattoo or piercing in order to fit in with your peers
C)wearing a hearing aid to correct for deafness
D)wearing a wig to hide the effects of chemotherapy
Q5) What is ableism?
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ayu lives in Indonesia and works at a factory sewing infants' clothing for a large multinational corporation based in the United States.What do we call the place she is employed in?
A)an outsource pool
B)a branch plant
C)a maquiladora
D)a free market
Q2) Which political economic system is characterized by a great deal of government intervention in the economy?
A)a corporate capitalist government
B)a neoliberal government
C)a laissez-faire government
D)a democratic socialist government
Q3) Benjamin is engaged in a heated argument with a classmate that a free market expands economic growth.Which perspective does Benjamin most likely subscribe to?
A)the classical school of economic sociology
B)the neoclassical school of economics
C)internal labour market theory
D)socioeconomic stratification theory
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Chapter 14: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are class divisions less important than regional divisions in Canadian politics?
Q2) When power is widely diffused, we can speak of pluralist theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is "the state" and how much influence does it have over the lives of Canadians?
Q4) The electoral system utilized in France, Germany, and other continental Western European countries is known as the "list" system.Discuss this process and explain why Canada's major political parties would oppose this system being implemented in Canada.
Q5) Inga lives in a nation that holds a federal election every five years and is fully supportive of its citizens' rights through its constitution and charter of rights and freedoms.Which of the following nations does Inga live in?
A)Canada
B)Russia
C)China
D)North Korea
Q6) Outline the Marxist critique of elite theory.
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Chapter 15: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because gender inequality exists in non-capitalist (including pre-capitalist) societies, most feminists believe that something other than, or in addition to, capitalism accounts for gender inequality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a true statement in reference to child support payments in Canada?
A)All Canadian provinces and territories have programs to prevent non-payment of child support.
B)Names and photos of child support payment defaulters are posted on government websites in some regions.
C)The problem of "deadbeat parents" remains a significant issue.
D)Child support payment can be guaranteed by a court order.
Q3) The poverty rate for female-headed lone-parent families is more than double the amount for male-headed lone-parent families.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by "reproductive choice" and what are its main elements?
Q5) What are the effects of divorce on children?
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Greg believes in the edict to "love thy neighbour" and that his personal relationship with God is highly important.According to the textbook, what religion does Greg subscribe to?
A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism
Q2) Stan believes that it is of utmost importance to worship God by being charitable and by praying to him five times per day.According to the textbook, what religion does Stan subscribe to?
A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Islam
Q3) Which theory is Durkheim's analysis of religion in society based upon?
A)symbolic interactionism
B)conflict theory
C)postmodernism
D)functionalism
Q4) What is collective effervescence?
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Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most widely repeated findings worldwide is that social class strongly affects how much education people attain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Preparation for participation in the Canadian economy is illustrative of which of the following functions of education?
A)a lateral function
B)a collateral function
C)a latent function
D)a manifest function
Q3) Rupert is from an upper-class family and, despite his many advantages such as private tutoring, he cannot manage to graduate high school.What does his lack of success at school demonstrate?
A)meritocracy
B)professionalization
C)cultural capital
D)credential inflation
Q4) Describe what accounts for the spread of mass schooling.
Q5) What is credential inflation?
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a limitation of conflict theory on the issue of elite control of media?
A)News agencies may rely heavily on government and corporate sources but this does not stop journalistic criticism.
B)There are few examples of mainstream journalists who oppose official viewpoints.
C)Journalists are almost always exposed to flak.
D)Conflict theory neglects the socializing function of mass media.
Q2) Xavier is angry that most of the content available on the Internet is from a single source and, through various media sources, he urges people to create their own Web content.What is Xavier fighting against?
A)media diffusion
B)media imperialism
C)media convergence
D)media conglomeration
Q3) According to cultural studies experts, people are passive consumers of media.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the "new media frontier"?
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a social cause of illness and death?
A)exposure to infection
B)personality factors
C)genetic predisposition
D)lifestyle factors
Q2) What is the difference between the maximum human life span and the maximum average human life span?
Q3) According to the textbook, almost 75 percent of the people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo lack access to which of the following?
A)clean drinking water
B)sanitation
C)medical care
D)vaccinations
Q4) According to the textbook, how does the average life expectancy of Aboriginal Canadians compare to that of non-Aboriginal Canadians?
A)5 to 12 years shorter
B)5 to 12 years longer
C)15 years shorter
D)15 years longer
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the ratio of females to males lower than 1:1 in some places?
A)because of an overall preference for female babies
B)because of an overall preference for male babies
C)because of lower than average fertility rates
D)because of higher than average fertility rates
Q2) Which of the following strategies did the government in Kerala, India, use to lower the fertility rate?
A)The government helped create a realistic alternative to a life of continuous childbirth.
B)The government initiated forced abortions and sterilizations.
C)The government threatened to disallow women's further participation in the paid labour force.
D)The government created a one-child policy, modelled on China's policy.
Q3) Compare and contrast the perspectives of Thomas Robert Malthus and Karl Marx on the problem of overpopulation.
Q4) What was the largest city in Canada in 1901?
A)Winnipeg
B)Toronto
C)Montreal
D)Vancouver
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) In connection with the 1907 Vancouver riot, what did breakdown theory argue that rapid economic growth produced?
A)strain
B)anomie
C)long-term social solidarity
D)functional consensus
Q2) In Canada, all adults, regardless of gender, religion, ethnicity, ability, and sexual orientation, have the right to equality and full inclusion in society.What do we call this situation?
A)social citizenship
B)civil citizenship
C)political citizenship
D)universal citizenship
Q3) In the 1970s, Canada was the least strike-prone country in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Protesters were able to use modern technology to go global, creating the "Arab Spring" in 2011 and spurring the North American and European "Occupy" movement.Is this the wave of the future for historically excluded groups and categories of people?
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Environmental racism is a form of discrimination against minority groups and people from poor countries who are subjected to a disproportionate share of environmental hazards and polluting industries.Utilizing examples from your text and personal experiences discuss this phenomenon and propose ways that it can be minimized or eliminated.
Q2) According to the textbook, approximately what percentage of the world's main fish species are in decline today?
A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent
Q3) The textbook contends that market and technological solutions are insufficient by themselves to overcome the dangers of environmental degradation caused by technology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is technological determinism?
Q5) What is the social distribution of risk?
Q6) What is biodiversity and why is it important?
Q7) What are normal accidents?
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